Avi Gopher - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Avi Gopher
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Quaternary International, 2016
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Tel Te’o
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Quaternary Science Reviews
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International audienc
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Evolutionary Applications
Two opposing models currently dominate Near Eastern plant domestication research. The core area‐o... more Two opposing models currently dominate Near Eastern plant domestication research. The core area‐one event model depicts a knowledge‐based, conscious, geographically centered, rapid single‐event domestication, while the protracted‐autonomous model emphasizes a noncentered, millennia‐long process based on unconscious dynamics. The latter model relies, in part, on quantitative depictions of diachronic changes (in archaeological remains) in proportions of spikelet shattering to nonshattering, towards full dominance of the nonshattering (domesticated) phenotypes in cultivated cereal populations. Recent wild wheat genome assembly suggests that shattering and nonshattering spikelets may originate from the same (individual) genotype. Therefore, their proportions among archaeobotanical assemblages cannot reliably describe the presumed protracted‐selection dynamics underlying wheat domestication. This calls for a reappraisal of the “domestication syndrome” concept associated with cereal domes...
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Tel Te’o
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The Agricultural Revolution – including the domestication of plants and animals in the Near East ... more The Agricultural Revolution – including the domestication of plants and animals in the Near East – that occurred 10,500 years ago ended millions of years of human existence in small, mobile, egalitarian communities of hunters-gatherers. This Neolithic transformation led to the formation of sedentary communities that produced crops such as wheat, barley, peas, lentils, chickpeas and flax and domesticated range of livestock, including goats, sheep, cattle and pigs. All of these plants and animals still play a major role in the contemporary global economy and nutrition. This agricultural revolution also stimulated the later development of the first urban centres. This volume examines the origins and development of plant domestication in the Ancient Near East, along with various aspects of the new Man-Nature relationship that characterizes food-producing societies. It demonstrates how the rapid, geographically localized, knowledge-based domestication of plants was a human initiative tha...
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Paléorient, 2019
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‘Isaac went out to the field’: Studies in Archaeology and Ancient Cultures in Honor of Isaac Gilead, 2019
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Quaternary of the Levant
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Israel journal of botany, 2013
Rachis fragments of cultivated (Hordeum distichon L.) along with brittle (H. spontaneum C. Koch) ... more Rachis fragments of cultivated (Hordeum distichon L.) along with brittle (H. spontaneum C. Koch) barley from the early eighth or late ninth millennium B.C. were found at Netiv Hagdud, Israel, proving that the domestication of this cereal was already in progress at the beginning of the aceramic Neolithic period. The large quantity of kernels and rachis segments and, especially, the numerous segments with irregular fracture provide clear evidence for domesticated barley.
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Tel Te’o
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It has long been debated exactly where and when crops were first domesticated and farming began--... more It has long been debated exactly where and when crops were first domesticated and farming began--events that directly contributed to the emergence of Western civilization. In their Perspective, Lev-Yadun and colleagues discuss botanical, genetic and archeological evidence suggesting that the cradle of agriculture lay within a small region of the Fertile Crescent (in what is now southeastern Turkey/ northern Syria) and began in the 7th millennium B.C.
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Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences, 2017
Food production economies based on domesticated plants and livestock is a relatively recent pheno... more Food production economies based on domesticated plants and livestock is a relatively recent phenomenon in the human career. Packages of nutritionally and agronomically balanced crop plants evolved independently in several world regions including sub-Saharan Africa, Meso-America, North-east America, East Asia, and the Near East. The longest research tradition on the origins of agriculture concerning the Near East on which we elaborate. Geobotanical and ecological evidence on the wild progenitors in conjunction with archaeological and archaeobotanical data of the Near Eastern crop package species enable the reconstruction of this major event in the prehistory of humankind. The accumulated evidence from the Near East suggests a geographically focused/centered, and knowledge-based domestication of a suite of cereals and grain legume crops. Genetic and agronomic considerations enable to draw a distinction between the crucial traits underlying the domestication episode and traits that were selected for by farmers during the millennia following (under) domestication. This distinction is valuable for both reconstructing prehistoric events and for future crop improvement.
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Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Quaternary International, 2016
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Tel Te’o
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Quaternary Science Reviews
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International audienc
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Evolutionary Applications
Two opposing models currently dominate Near Eastern plant domestication research. The core area‐o... more Two opposing models currently dominate Near Eastern plant domestication research. The core area‐one event model depicts a knowledge‐based, conscious, geographically centered, rapid single‐event domestication, while the protracted‐autonomous model emphasizes a noncentered, millennia‐long process based on unconscious dynamics. The latter model relies, in part, on quantitative depictions of diachronic changes (in archaeological remains) in proportions of spikelet shattering to nonshattering, towards full dominance of the nonshattering (domesticated) phenotypes in cultivated cereal populations. Recent wild wheat genome assembly suggests that shattering and nonshattering spikelets may originate from the same (individual) genotype. Therefore, their proportions among archaeobotanical assemblages cannot reliably describe the presumed protracted‐selection dynamics underlying wheat domestication. This calls for a reappraisal of the “domestication syndrome” concept associated with cereal domes...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Tel Te’o
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The Agricultural Revolution – including the domestication of plants and animals in the Near East ... more The Agricultural Revolution – including the domestication of plants and animals in the Near East – that occurred 10,500 years ago ended millions of years of human existence in small, mobile, egalitarian communities of hunters-gatherers. This Neolithic transformation led to the formation of sedentary communities that produced crops such as wheat, barley, peas, lentils, chickpeas and flax and domesticated range of livestock, including goats, sheep, cattle and pigs. All of these plants and animals still play a major role in the contemporary global economy and nutrition. This agricultural revolution also stimulated the later development of the first urban centres. This volume examines the origins and development of plant domestication in the Ancient Near East, along with various aspects of the new Man-Nature relationship that characterizes food-producing societies. It demonstrates how the rapid, geographically localized, knowledge-based domestication of plants was a human initiative tha...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Paléorient, 2019
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
‘Isaac went out to the field’: Studies in Archaeology and Ancient Cultures in Honor of Isaac Gilead, 2019
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Quaternary of the Levant
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Israel journal of botany, 2013
Rachis fragments of cultivated (Hordeum distichon L.) along with brittle (H. spontaneum C. Koch) ... more Rachis fragments of cultivated (Hordeum distichon L.) along with brittle (H. spontaneum C. Koch) barley from the early eighth or late ninth millennium B.C. were found at Netiv Hagdud, Israel, proving that the domestication of this cereal was already in progress at the beginning of the aceramic Neolithic period. The large quantity of kernels and rachis segments and, especially, the numerous segments with irregular fracture provide clear evidence for domesticated barley.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Tel Te’o
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
It has long been debated exactly where and when crops were first domesticated and farming began--... more It has long been debated exactly where and when crops were first domesticated and farming began--events that directly contributed to the emergence of Western civilization. In their Perspective, Lev-Yadun and colleagues discuss botanical, genetic and archeological evidence suggesting that the cradle of agriculture lay within a small region of the Fertile Crescent (in what is now southeastern Turkey/ northern Syria) and began in the 7th millennium B.C.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences, 2017
Food production economies based on domesticated plants and livestock is a relatively recent pheno... more Food production economies based on domesticated plants and livestock is a relatively recent phenomenon in the human career. Packages of nutritionally and agronomically balanced crop plants evolved independently in several world regions including sub-Saharan Africa, Meso-America, North-east America, East Asia, and the Near East. The longest research tradition on the origins of agriculture concerning the Near East on which we elaborate. Geobotanical and ecological evidence on the wild progenitors in conjunction with archaeological and archaeobotanical data of the Near Eastern crop package species enable the reconstruction of this major event in the prehistory of humankind. The accumulated evidence from the Near East suggests a geographically focused/centered, and knowledge-based domestication of a suite of cereals and grain legume crops. Genetic and agronomic considerations enable to draw a distinction between the crucial traits underlying the domestication episode and traits that were selected for by farmers during the millennia following (under) domestication. This distinction is valuable for both reconstructing prehistoric events and for future crop improvement.
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Qumran Cave 24 was used for thousands of years as a seasonal shelter for groups of hunter-gathere... more Qumran Cave 24 was used for thousands of years as a seasonal shelter for groups of hunter-gatherers and later pastoral herders, who came to use it from elsewhere. The people using the cave left behind artefacts of different kinds, including flint, bone, and stone, shells and beads - testifying to the ways and characteristics of the cave use. These assemblages were analyzed, and lines of differences and similarities were compared between levels in the cave and other sited in the area. The information produced in these analyses may help us understand the place of Qumran Cave 24 in the settlement, economic and social systems in the region, during the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods.
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