Awunghe Ayuk - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Awunghe Ayuk
Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, Jun 28, 2024
International journal of humanities & social studies, Jul 31, 2019
Background World over, insecurity, social unrest and spatial justice has constituted a fillip for... more Background World over, insecurity, social unrest and spatial justice has constituted a fillip for anarchy and crime; and generally stalls the growth and socioeconomic development of the society. Nigeria and Nigerians have suffered from the conundrum and debilitating effects of these phenomena which characterization is expressed in political thuggery and instability, corruption, insurgency, communal and ethno-religious conflict. Security here therefore, becomes a critical element in responding to these hiatus which sustenance is predicated on first and foremost sound justice, transparency, accountability, respect for ones rights and implementable government policies vis-à-vis proper orientation. Barry and Victor (2007), maintained that given the number and variety of weapons that are in circulation and can be used, insecurity, social unrest and injustice can become a big challenge to a peaceful polity. A society, as a matter of fact, must recognize that human beings are integral part of the society and all the resources an individual need to solve his problems could be provided for by the social system. In analyzing the social provision theory of Titmus and Khan, Etuk (2002), avers that a system should emphasize on the rights of society members especially as it pertains to equality of access to resources and opportunity (ies) society has to offer. For this, social unrest and insecurity will be majorly curbed and the pressure on court vis-à-vis justice would be reduced. To a large degree, because of insecurity, the economic and political imperatives that drive growth and development in the society is fractured and dislodged. Nigeria's wealth which ordinarily would have placed Nigeria and Nigerians at a pedestal of economic, political and social diadem is rather sloping to a deterioration. Julius (2011) adds that, insecurity and social unrest experienced in Nigeria has brought severe and devastating socioeconomic , political and developmental crises plundering and destroying basic amenities, giving impetus to corruption, religious charlatanism, war, restiveness, unstable political systems and dictatorial governance. According to Sambo (2008), the security climate in Nigeria within the past three or four decades has not promoted the kind of social and economic welfare that would have insulated citizens from vagaries of poverty, hunger and diseases. He further posited that, over 70% of the nation's population live below poverty line, restricted access to education and public health as experienced in the Northeast and North-Central of Nigeria. Corroborating this assertion Julius (2011), maintained that these maladies and their unfathomable consequences is the inability of Nigeria (ians) to effectively and efficiently utilize resources for the nation's economic gain to develop various communities in the country has created rift among its population and encouraged schism with the various ethnic nationalities. According to Emmanuel (2005), the efficacy of the philosophy and policies of any system of government in maintaining peace and order is predicated on empowered and incorruptible judicial system.
ARRUS Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
The complexity involved in combating crime in different regions of the world makes information sh... more The complexity involved in combating crime in different regions of the world makes information sharing fundamental in crime management. Unfortunately, crime victims, who should be in the frontline of providing this information to law enforcement agents are often lethargic and lackadaisical in doing so, owing to no fault of theirs. Thus, this paper explored the convergence between socio-demographic variables and crime reporting in Nigeria. Empirically, the study examined the relationship between the attitude of law enforcement agents, location of the crime, nature of the crime, and attitude to crime reporting. Mixed methods, including a cross-sectional survey and in-depth interview, was used to collect data from 1112 respondents through a multi-stage sampling technique. The quantitative data were analysed using simple linear regression; while, the qualitative data collected were analysed in themes as a complement to the quantitative data. Findings revealed that attitudes of law enfor...
International journal of humanities & social studies, Jul 31, 2019
Politics and Politicians 1. Background The trajectory of Nigerian democracy is seen as a hoax and... more Politics and Politicians 1. Background The trajectory of Nigerian democracy is seen as a hoax and at best described as "groping in unending experimentation in governance and government". In some climes, politics is seen and regarded as a call for total service to one's fatherland. It suggests sacrifice involving money, time and other resources that can propel the growth and development of that society and further consolidate human relations. As observed by Ayuk (2015), issues in, and of politics should be more organised to create conditions that are people-driven, generate income, increase wellbeing, reduce vulnerability and improve security. No doubt, politics as being alluded to, is a struggle, contestation, agreement and disagreement by persons under a platform (party in Nigeria; in some other countries, independent candidacy) to access power via people's mandates, with the sole aim of authoritatively allocating resources-provide security and welfare for the general welfare of the society. However, this process, even though structured, especially in the Nigerian context, it should observe basic democratic tenets (within the framework of the rule of law) to reflect sense of civility and orderliness. The ideals of effective livelihood that recognizes impartiality which is tied on security, employment, infrastructure etc. should be a direct correlation that fundamentally defines politics. Unfortunately, politics in the truest sense in Nigeria is a travesty painted with different colours of brinkmanship, lawlessness, threats and counter-threats, which ultimately leads to breakdown of law. An average politician in Nigeria is a law to himself especially if he or she is in the party in power. They exhibit clear disdain to the law, impunity reigns supreme and characteristically self-serving. More appalling is the fact that, conversations in this sphere has always been "winner takes all", including not only appointive positions but the common wealth of the nation; and decide illegitimately how to loot what, who and how to the detriment of the citizens. Again, there exists an inverse relationship when one fraudulently assumes power, in that, a clear wall of demarcation is established between the electorates they hoodwinked into political office(s)-a narrative of "elitism" defines and classifies them, with their "godfather" in a prebendalistic engagement. In this circumstance, service which is the hallmark of politics becomes secondary as their loyalty at this instance is to the "godfather" and themselves. For them, Nigerians can starve to death for all they care-even more concerning is that, this strategy is reinforced to perpetually consign majority of people to poverty so that they can be easily manipulated to continuous servitude (Ayuk, 2018).
Studies in Sociology of Science, Mar 1, 2013
Just like conflict, crime is functional and pervasive as no unit of society is totally free and s... more Just like conflict, crime is functional and pervasive as no unit of society is totally free and spared of it woes and throes when it occurs. The way the polity is organized can create both root causes and conditions favourable to negative conflict with its attendants consequences. Societies like Nigeria and other developing countries; where corruption and corrupt practices are heralded, politicians are above the law and the unfit are preferred in positions cannot possibly escape intractable violence and destructive conflict which arguably can undo economic, political and social gains of country and scare potential investors. Two theories (conflict and functional) were considered to explain the phenomena of conflict and crime. The findings reveals that the primary beneficiaries in conflict situations are politicians (they provide arms and fund conflictants); and poverty was seen as another reason for the meteoric rise of conflict and crime in Nigeria. They study made some recommendations among which includes; the existing legislations on conflict and crime as provided in the criminal code should be implemented and culprit punished and vexed issues should be amicably redress through the court, council of chiefs and elders as it is done in African traditional setting.
Correctional Facilities and Correctional Treatment - International Perspectives
This study examined silent variables that influence the treatment of offenders in Nigerian custod... more This study examined silent variables that influence the treatment of offenders in Nigerian custodian centres. The research was conducted using both primary and secondary data. Questionnaires were distributed to 400 respondents randomly selected from correctional institutions across the three senatorial districts of Cross River State, while the in-depth interview was conducted on 6 participants each across the selected custodian centres. The presentation of data was done using frequency distribution tables, and relevant narratives. The test of hypotheses was done using Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC) and the qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The study found that corruption, inadequate rehabilitation equipment and low funding strongly influence the treatment of offenders in custodian centres in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study, therefore, recommends that the government through a special committee constituted should judiciously oversee the execution ...
Just like conflict, crime is functional and pervasive as no unit of society is totally free and s... more Just like conflict, crime is functional and pervasive as no unit of society is totally free and spared of it woes and throes when it occurs. The way the polity is organized can create both root causes and conditions favourable to negative conflict with its attendants consequences. Societies like Nigeria and other developing countries; where corruption and corrupt practices are heralded, politicians are above the law and the unfit are preferred in positions cannot possibly escape intractable violence and destructive conflict which arguably can undo economic, political and social gains of country and scare potential investors. Two theories (conflict and functional) were considered to explain the phenomena of conflict and crime. The findings reveals that the primary beneficiaries in conflict situations are politicians (they provide arms and fund conflictants); and poverty was seen as another reason for the meteoric rise of conflict and crime in Nigeria. They study made some recommendat...
Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 2013
AbstractThis presentation is an exposition on templates that disposes one especially an adolescen... more AbstractThis presentation is an exposition on templates that disposes one especially an adolescent to make a career choice of study in Nigeria Universities. Specifically, issues considered includes; ignorance, peer groups influence, role models; as well as prestige attachment as responsible for career choice selection in Nigeria. Others factors periscoped as that which a student considers for a choice mentioned are situational factor, school attended, parental influence, gender and interest. Accordingly, lack of planning, inadequate career research and lack of skilled personnel was identified as problems that has stalled proper choice making academically in Nigeria. Undoubtedly when a wrong career choice is made, the person is face with unsatisfaction, unfulfilled aspirations, regrets and discomfort which will lead to poor and low productivity. Social learning theory served as a theoretical template to explain the phenomena of career choice. Significantly educational administrators,...
Just like conflict, crime is functional and pervasive as no unit of society is totally free and s... more Just like conflict, crime is functional and pervasive as no unit of society is totally free and spared of it woes and throes when it occurs. The way the polity is organized can create both root causes and conditions favourable to negative conflict with its attendants consequences. Societies like Nigeria and other developing countries; where corruption and corrupt practices are heralded, politicians are above the law and the unfit are preferred in positions cannot possibly escape intractable violence and destructive conflict which arguably can undo economic, political and social gains of country and scare potential investors. Two theories (conflict and functional) were considered to explain the phenomena of conflict and crime. The findings reveals that the primary beneficiaries in conflict situations are politicians (they provide arms and fund conflictants); and poverty was seen as another reason for the meteoric rise of conflict and crime in Nigeria. They study made some recommendat...
AbstractAll over the world conflict, crime and violence where ever they occur is seen as aberrant... more AbstractAll over the world conflict, crime and violence where ever they occur is seen as aberrant to societal consciensous. Violence is a criminal act and combination of a motive not itself and operation not in absence - but a combination of these that causes harm to certain objects and prohibited by law. It should be noted however that violence is the abuse of power or force which is detrimental to an individual: but mere use of force is not wrong but the intent and impact it has on others. It is on this premise that this paper anchors its concern i.e. multi-dimensional violence in Nigeria: causes and methods of curbing the trend. Issues considered are, the spate of violence and conflict, viz; intra and interstate ethnic; religious; political and resource base; and structural violence which is expressed in such conditions as poverty, inequality, oppression and social exclusion. The purpose of this work is to unravel the remote and immediate causes of violence (region, political, et...
Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, Oct 1, 2012
AbstractAll over the world conflict, crime and violence where ever they occur is seen as aberrant... more AbstractAll over the world conflict, crime and violence where ever they occur is seen as aberrant to societal consciensous. Violence is a criminal act and combination of a motive not itself and operation not in absence - but a combination of these that causes harm to certain objects and prohibited by law. It should be noted however that violence is the abuse of power or force which is detrimental to an individual: but mere use of force is not wrong but the intent and impact it has on others. It is on this premise that this paper anchors its concern i.e. multi-dimensional violence in Nigeria: causes and methods of curbing the trend. Issues considered are, the spate of violence and conflict, viz; intra and interstate ethnic; religious; political and resource base; and structural violence which is expressed in such conditions as poverty, inequality, oppression and social exclusion. The purpose of this work is to unravel the remote and immediate causes of violence (region, political, ethnic etc) and to proffer solutions, significantly, this humble research endeavour presents a template for policies maker and implementors to consult in dealing with conflict and violence related issues. Also would be beneficial to conflictant in terms of creating awareness and resocializing them. Though the research had some limitations in gathering information viz people were not willing to give information for fear of arrest by the security officers. Because of this, the work was restricted to Buachi, Yobe and Borno State in the Northern part of Nigeria. Based on what the researchers exhumed, the following recommendations amongst others were made; national integration should be encouraged, tolerate people no matter their ethnic or religious background and those responsible for this behavioural act that transgresses socio-legal prohibition brought to justice.Keywords: violence, ethnic, religion, society, resourceINTRODUCTIONPost-colonial Africa has experienced a spate of conflicts and violence, namely Intra and interstate, ethnic, religious, political and resource control based violence, including structural violence, that is, violence that is expressed in such conditions as poverty, inequality, psychological violence, oppression and social exclusion, have ravaged one African country after another. National armies have continuously and violently intervened in the political affairs of African countries through bloody coup d'tats, leading in some cases to civil wars.Apart from actual military interregnums, a major development in the style of violence in African countries is the militarization of these conflicts, through the use of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW), the involvement of child soldiers and in the struggle for the control of mineral resources, as experienced in the Niger-Delta area of Nigeria and the persistent wars between Muslims and non- Muslim groups, especially in the Northern part of Nigeria.Apart from Nigeria, countries like Ethiopia, Sudan, Liberia, Somalia, Canada, Burundi, Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa and Cote d'Ivoire have suffered greatly from widespread and intense internal conflicts. These conflicts have exploited the myth of national solidarity, undermining the social fabric of these nations and destroying their fragile economies (Alli, 2007).Conflicts and violence with their multi-dimensional consequences has been an obstacle to progress, political stability, economic prosperity and overall socio-economic development of African countries because of its destructive nature. While conflicts may not always be accompanied by bloodshed, most conflicts in Africa, degenerate into violence, quickly leading to the destruction of lives and properties. Violence provoked by conflicts, has often turned the people's intention from creative production to creative destruction (Nnoli, 2003). This academic enterprise, therefore, is an attempt to analyse the nature of violence in Africa, with Nigeria as a case study, analyzing the causes and recommending solutions, and using the theoretical underpinnings of structural functionalism and the Marxian dialectical materialism, as our guide. …
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 2013
The persistent increase and alarming rate of criminal activities experience recently in Nigeria i... more The persistent increase and alarming rate of criminal activities experience recently in Nigeria is a cause for concern to all and sundry. This is a sharp contrast to the olden days when traditional methods and measures were used in controlling crime as against today's modern methods. Arguably the sophistication of weapon used by the security agents recently has not significantly reduced crime-this is because of the manifestation of the social disorganization in the normative system. Consequently, this presentation retrospectively x-rayed the traditional methods of crime control in Efik kingdom in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. The work examined how crime and criminal related activities were addressed in the past with a view that if these methods can be applied contemporarily to arrest the meteoric rise in crime, its occurrence can be reduced in the present Nigeria since the modern or Western methods have not dealt with crime significantly. To explain the phenomenon of crime, anomic theory was considered and base on the findings the study recommends as follows: traditional methods should be encouraged to compliment the efforts of the government security agencies and the rituals aspect in the traditional methods that are repugnant to natural justice and offends morality should be jettisoned for collaboration to effectively check crime.
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 2013
Concern about parent's ineptitude and general amnesia of the danger of not discussing sexually re... more Concern about parent's ineptitude and general amnesia of the danger of not discussing sexually related topics with their adolescent children is not only selfish but also criminal and irresponsible. This work is an attempt and a wakeup call to parents and teachers as well as the Nigerian government to be more involved and see that sexuality education occupies a central stage in the school curriculum. Hence, this work examines issues on parental obligation in sex education, age and time; school/teachers and sexuality education. Methodologically, the survey design was used and independent t-test served as the statistical tool for the analysis. The findings reveal that most parents do not, and are not comfortable in discussing sexual health and safety with their children. The study made some recommendations among which include the need for parents to ask questions, bordering on their children's sexuality with love, friendly concern and not being intimidating.Equally,policy makers should introduce bills to make sex education mandatory in the school curriculum at least from post primary schools.
Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, Jun 28, 2024
International journal of humanities & social studies, Jul 31, 2019
Background World over, insecurity, social unrest and spatial justice has constituted a fillip for... more Background World over, insecurity, social unrest and spatial justice has constituted a fillip for anarchy and crime; and generally stalls the growth and socioeconomic development of the society. Nigeria and Nigerians have suffered from the conundrum and debilitating effects of these phenomena which characterization is expressed in political thuggery and instability, corruption, insurgency, communal and ethno-religious conflict. Security here therefore, becomes a critical element in responding to these hiatus which sustenance is predicated on first and foremost sound justice, transparency, accountability, respect for ones rights and implementable government policies vis-à-vis proper orientation. Barry and Victor (2007), maintained that given the number and variety of weapons that are in circulation and can be used, insecurity, social unrest and injustice can become a big challenge to a peaceful polity. A society, as a matter of fact, must recognize that human beings are integral part of the society and all the resources an individual need to solve his problems could be provided for by the social system. In analyzing the social provision theory of Titmus and Khan, Etuk (2002), avers that a system should emphasize on the rights of society members especially as it pertains to equality of access to resources and opportunity (ies) society has to offer. For this, social unrest and insecurity will be majorly curbed and the pressure on court vis-à-vis justice would be reduced. To a large degree, because of insecurity, the economic and political imperatives that drive growth and development in the society is fractured and dislodged. Nigeria's wealth which ordinarily would have placed Nigeria and Nigerians at a pedestal of economic, political and social diadem is rather sloping to a deterioration. Julius (2011) adds that, insecurity and social unrest experienced in Nigeria has brought severe and devastating socioeconomic , political and developmental crises plundering and destroying basic amenities, giving impetus to corruption, religious charlatanism, war, restiveness, unstable political systems and dictatorial governance. According to Sambo (2008), the security climate in Nigeria within the past three or four decades has not promoted the kind of social and economic welfare that would have insulated citizens from vagaries of poverty, hunger and diseases. He further posited that, over 70% of the nation's population live below poverty line, restricted access to education and public health as experienced in the Northeast and North-Central of Nigeria. Corroborating this assertion Julius (2011), maintained that these maladies and their unfathomable consequences is the inability of Nigeria (ians) to effectively and efficiently utilize resources for the nation's economic gain to develop various communities in the country has created rift among its population and encouraged schism with the various ethnic nationalities. According to Emmanuel (2005), the efficacy of the philosophy and policies of any system of government in maintaining peace and order is predicated on empowered and incorruptible judicial system.
ARRUS Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
The complexity involved in combating crime in different regions of the world makes information sh... more The complexity involved in combating crime in different regions of the world makes information sharing fundamental in crime management. Unfortunately, crime victims, who should be in the frontline of providing this information to law enforcement agents are often lethargic and lackadaisical in doing so, owing to no fault of theirs. Thus, this paper explored the convergence between socio-demographic variables and crime reporting in Nigeria. Empirically, the study examined the relationship between the attitude of law enforcement agents, location of the crime, nature of the crime, and attitude to crime reporting. Mixed methods, including a cross-sectional survey and in-depth interview, was used to collect data from 1112 respondents through a multi-stage sampling technique. The quantitative data were analysed using simple linear regression; while, the qualitative data collected were analysed in themes as a complement to the quantitative data. Findings revealed that attitudes of law enfor...
International journal of humanities & social studies, Jul 31, 2019
Politics and Politicians 1. Background The trajectory of Nigerian democracy is seen as a hoax and... more Politics and Politicians 1. Background The trajectory of Nigerian democracy is seen as a hoax and at best described as "groping in unending experimentation in governance and government". In some climes, politics is seen and regarded as a call for total service to one's fatherland. It suggests sacrifice involving money, time and other resources that can propel the growth and development of that society and further consolidate human relations. As observed by Ayuk (2015), issues in, and of politics should be more organised to create conditions that are people-driven, generate income, increase wellbeing, reduce vulnerability and improve security. No doubt, politics as being alluded to, is a struggle, contestation, agreement and disagreement by persons under a platform (party in Nigeria; in some other countries, independent candidacy) to access power via people's mandates, with the sole aim of authoritatively allocating resources-provide security and welfare for the general welfare of the society. However, this process, even though structured, especially in the Nigerian context, it should observe basic democratic tenets (within the framework of the rule of law) to reflect sense of civility and orderliness. The ideals of effective livelihood that recognizes impartiality which is tied on security, employment, infrastructure etc. should be a direct correlation that fundamentally defines politics. Unfortunately, politics in the truest sense in Nigeria is a travesty painted with different colours of brinkmanship, lawlessness, threats and counter-threats, which ultimately leads to breakdown of law. An average politician in Nigeria is a law to himself especially if he or she is in the party in power. They exhibit clear disdain to the law, impunity reigns supreme and characteristically self-serving. More appalling is the fact that, conversations in this sphere has always been "winner takes all", including not only appointive positions but the common wealth of the nation; and decide illegitimately how to loot what, who and how to the detriment of the citizens. Again, there exists an inverse relationship when one fraudulently assumes power, in that, a clear wall of demarcation is established between the electorates they hoodwinked into political office(s)-a narrative of "elitism" defines and classifies them, with their "godfather" in a prebendalistic engagement. In this circumstance, service which is the hallmark of politics becomes secondary as their loyalty at this instance is to the "godfather" and themselves. For them, Nigerians can starve to death for all they care-even more concerning is that, this strategy is reinforced to perpetually consign majority of people to poverty so that they can be easily manipulated to continuous servitude (Ayuk, 2018).
Studies in Sociology of Science, Mar 1, 2013
Just like conflict, crime is functional and pervasive as no unit of society is totally free and s... more Just like conflict, crime is functional and pervasive as no unit of society is totally free and spared of it woes and throes when it occurs. The way the polity is organized can create both root causes and conditions favourable to negative conflict with its attendants consequences. Societies like Nigeria and other developing countries; where corruption and corrupt practices are heralded, politicians are above the law and the unfit are preferred in positions cannot possibly escape intractable violence and destructive conflict which arguably can undo economic, political and social gains of country and scare potential investors. Two theories (conflict and functional) were considered to explain the phenomena of conflict and crime. The findings reveals that the primary beneficiaries in conflict situations are politicians (they provide arms and fund conflictants); and poverty was seen as another reason for the meteoric rise of conflict and crime in Nigeria. They study made some recommendations among which includes; the existing legislations on conflict and crime as provided in the criminal code should be implemented and culprit punished and vexed issues should be amicably redress through the court, council of chiefs and elders as it is done in African traditional setting.
Correctional Facilities and Correctional Treatment - International Perspectives
This study examined silent variables that influence the treatment of offenders in Nigerian custod... more This study examined silent variables that influence the treatment of offenders in Nigerian custodian centres. The research was conducted using both primary and secondary data. Questionnaires were distributed to 400 respondents randomly selected from correctional institutions across the three senatorial districts of Cross River State, while the in-depth interview was conducted on 6 participants each across the selected custodian centres. The presentation of data was done using frequency distribution tables, and relevant narratives. The test of hypotheses was done using Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC) and the qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The study found that corruption, inadequate rehabilitation equipment and low funding strongly influence the treatment of offenders in custodian centres in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study, therefore, recommends that the government through a special committee constituted should judiciously oversee the execution ...
Just like conflict, crime is functional and pervasive as no unit of society is totally free and s... more Just like conflict, crime is functional and pervasive as no unit of society is totally free and spared of it woes and throes when it occurs. The way the polity is organized can create both root causes and conditions favourable to negative conflict with its attendants consequences. Societies like Nigeria and other developing countries; where corruption and corrupt practices are heralded, politicians are above the law and the unfit are preferred in positions cannot possibly escape intractable violence and destructive conflict which arguably can undo economic, political and social gains of country and scare potential investors. Two theories (conflict and functional) were considered to explain the phenomena of conflict and crime. The findings reveals that the primary beneficiaries in conflict situations are politicians (they provide arms and fund conflictants); and poverty was seen as another reason for the meteoric rise of conflict and crime in Nigeria. They study made some recommendat...
Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 2013
AbstractThis presentation is an exposition on templates that disposes one especially an adolescen... more AbstractThis presentation is an exposition on templates that disposes one especially an adolescent to make a career choice of study in Nigeria Universities. Specifically, issues considered includes; ignorance, peer groups influence, role models; as well as prestige attachment as responsible for career choice selection in Nigeria. Others factors periscoped as that which a student considers for a choice mentioned are situational factor, school attended, parental influence, gender and interest. Accordingly, lack of planning, inadequate career research and lack of skilled personnel was identified as problems that has stalled proper choice making academically in Nigeria. Undoubtedly when a wrong career choice is made, the person is face with unsatisfaction, unfulfilled aspirations, regrets and discomfort which will lead to poor and low productivity. Social learning theory served as a theoretical template to explain the phenomena of career choice. Significantly educational administrators,...
Just like conflict, crime is functional and pervasive as no unit of society is totally free and s... more Just like conflict, crime is functional and pervasive as no unit of society is totally free and spared of it woes and throes when it occurs. The way the polity is organized can create both root causes and conditions favourable to negative conflict with its attendants consequences. Societies like Nigeria and other developing countries; where corruption and corrupt practices are heralded, politicians are above the law and the unfit are preferred in positions cannot possibly escape intractable violence and destructive conflict which arguably can undo economic, political and social gains of country and scare potential investors. Two theories (conflict and functional) were considered to explain the phenomena of conflict and crime. The findings reveals that the primary beneficiaries in conflict situations are politicians (they provide arms and fund conflictants); and poverty was seen as another reason for the meteoric rise of conflict and crime in Nigeria. They study made some recommendat...
AbstractAll over the world conflict, crime and violence where ever they occur is seen as aberrant... more AbstractAll over the world conflict, crime and violence where ever they occur is seen as aberrant to societal consciensous. Violence is a criminal act and combination of a motive not itself and operation not in absence - but a combination of these that causes harm to certain objects and prohibited by law. It should be noted however that violence is the abuse of power or force which is detrimental to an individual: but mere use of force is not wrong but the intent and impact it has on others. It is on this premise that this paper anchors its concern i.e. multi-dimensional violence in Nigeria: causes and methods of curbing the trend. Issues considered are, the spate of violence and conflict, viz; intra and interstate ethnic; religious; political and resource base; and structural violence which is expressed in such conditions as poverty, inequality, oppression and social exclusion. The purpose of this work is to unravel the remote and immediate causes of violence (region, political, et...
Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, Oct 1, 2012
AbstractAll over the world conflict, crime and violence where ever they occur is seen as aberrant... more AbstractAll over the world conflict, crime and violence where ever they occur is seen as aberrant to societal consciensous. Violence is a criminal act and combination of a motive not itself and operation not in absence - but a combination of these that causes harm to certain objects and prohibited by law. It should be noted however that violence is the abuse of power or force which is detrimental to an individual: but mere use of force is not wrong but the intent and impact it has on others. It is on this premise that this paper anchors its concern i.e. multi-dimensional violence in Nigeria: causes and methods of curbing the trend. Issues considered are, the spate of violence and conflict, viz; intra and interstate ethnic; religious; political and resource base; and structural violence which is expressed in such conditions as poverty, inequality, oppression and social exclusion. The purpose of this work is to unravel the remote and immediate causes of violence (region, political, ethnic etc) and to proffer solutions, significantly, this humble research endeavour presents a template for policies maker and implementors to consult in dealing with conflict and violence related issues. Also would be beneficial to conflictant in terms of creating awareness and resocializing them. Though the research had some limitations in gathering information viz people were not willing to give information for fear of arrest by the security officers. Because of this, the work was restricted to Buachi, Yobe and Borno State in the Northern part of Nigeria. Based on what the researchers exhumed, the following recommendations amongst others were made; national integration should be encouraged, tolerate people no matter their ethnic or religious background and those responsible for this behavioural act that transgresses socio-legal prohibition brought to justice.Keywords: violence, ethnic, religion, society, resourceINTRODUCTIONPost-colonial Africa has experienced a spate of conflicts and violence, namely Intra and interstate, ethnic, religious, political and resource control based violence, including structural violence, that is, violence that is expressed in such conditions as poverty, inequality, psychological violence, oppression and social exclusion, have ravaged one African country after another. National armies have continuously and violently intervened in the political affairs of African countries through bloody coup d'tats, leading in some cases to civil wars.Apart from actual military interregnums, a major development in the style of violence in African countries is the militarization of these conflicts, through the use of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW), the involvement of child soldiers and in the struggle for the control of mineral resources, as experienced in the Niger-Delta area of Nigeria and the persistent wars between Muslims and non- Muslim groups, especially in the Northern part of Nigeria.Apart from Nigeria, countries like Ethiopia, Sudan, Liberia, Somalia, Canada, Burundi, Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa and Cote d'Ivoire have suffered greatly from widespread and intense internal conflicts. These conflicts have exploited the myth of national solidarity, undermining the social fabric of these nations and destroying their fragile economies (Alli, 2007).Conflicts and violence with their multi-dimensional consequences has been an obstacle to progress, political stability, economic prosperity and overall socio-economic development of African countries because of its destructive nature. While conflicts may not always be accompanied by bloodshed, most conflicts in Africa, degenerate into violence, quickly leading to the destruction of lives and properties. Violence provoked by conflicts, has often turned the people's intention from creative production to creative destruction (Nnoli, 2003). This academic enterprise, therefore, is an attempt to analyse the nature of violence in Africa, with Nigeria as a case study, analyzing the causes and recommending solutions, and using the theoretical underpinnings of structural functionalism and the Marxian dialectical materialism, as our guide. …
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 2013
The persistent increase and alarming rate of criminal activities experience recently in Nigeria i... more The persistent increase and alarming rate of criminal activities experience recently in Nigeria is a cause for concern to all and sundry. This is a sharp contrast to the olden days when traditional methods and measures were used in controlling crime as against today's modern methods. Arguably the sophistication of weapon used by the security agents recently has not significantly reduced crime-this is because of the manifestation of the social disorganization in the normative system. Consequently, this presentation retrospectively x-rayed the traditional methods of crime control in Efik kingdom in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. The work examined how crime and criminal related activities were addressed in the past with a view that if these methods can be applied contemporarily to arrest the meteoric rise in crime, its occurrence can be reduced in the present Nigeria since the modern or Western methods have not dealt with crime significantly. To explain the phenomenon of crime, anomic theory was considered and base on the findings the study recommends as follows: traditional methods should be encouraged to compliment the efforts of the government security agencies and the rituals aspect in the traditional methods that are repugnant to natural justice and offends morality should be jettisoned for collaboration to effectively check crime.
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 2013
Concern about parent's ineptitude and general amnesia of the danger of not discussing sexually re... more Concern about parent's ineptitude and general amnesia of the danger of not discussing sexually related topics with their adolescent children is not only selfish but also criminal and irresponsible. This work is an attempt and a wakeup call to parents and teachers as well as the Nigerian government to be more involved and see that sexuality education occupies a central stage in the school curriculum. Hence, this work examines issues on parental obligation in sex education, age and time; school/teachers and sexuality education. Methodologically, the survey design was used and independent t-test served as the statistical tool for the analysis. The findings reveal that most parents do not, and are not comfortable in discussing sexual health and safety with their children. The study made some recommendations among which include the need for parents to ask questions, bordering on their children's sexuality with love, friendly concern and not being intimidating.Equally,policy makers should introduce bills to make sex education mandatory in the school curriculum at least from post primary schools.