Sameh Awwad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sameh Awwad

PLOS ONE, 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and characteristics of discharge medication... more The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and characteristics of discharge medication discrepancies as identified by pharmacists during discharge medication reconciliation. We also attempted to identify the factors that influence the occurrence of drug discrepancies during medication reconciliation. From June to December 2019, a prospective study was performed at the cardiac center of King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh. The information from discharge prescriptions as compared to the medication administration record (MAR), medication history in the cortex system, and the patient home medication list collected from the medication reconciliation form on admission. The study included all adult patients discharged from KFMC’s cardiac center. These participants comprised 776 patients, 64.6 percent of whom were men and 35.4 percent of whom were women. Medication discrepancies were encountered in 180 patients (23.2%) out of 776 patients. In regard...

Nephrology and Renal Diseases, 2018

Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 2018

Ionizing radiation is one of the environmental factors that may contribute to liver dysfunction t... more Ionizing radiation is one of the environmental factors that may contribute to liver dysfunction through a mechanism involving oxidative stress. This investigation studied the possible therapeutic effects of nano-HAp on hepatotoxicity in rats induced with gamma (γ) radiation. The study was carried out using 3 groups with 10 rats in each. Group 1 comprised the non-irradiated control rats, whereas the rats in groups 2 and 3 received a single dose of 10 Gy γ-radiation. The rats in group 3 were treated with nano-HAp [100 mg·(kg body mass)−1] once a week for 2 weeks starting the day after irradiation. The results showed that the rats exposed to γ-radiation had fragmented DNA, and significantly decreased levels of liver tissue enzymes such as paraoxonase 1, gamma glutamyl, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in tissue were significan...

This study was carried out to evaluate the potential impact of nano hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) int... more This study was carried out to evaluate the potential impact of nano hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) intravenous injection with different concentrations on survival rates and the reaction affecting heart, liver and thyroid functions as well as the level of circulating nitric oxide. An inorganic-organic complexion route was selected for the synthesis of nano-HAp which was characterized by fourier transform infrared, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The synthesized nano HAp was thermally sterilized and prepared with different concentrations (150, 300, 600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 mg/kg b.w.) to be injected intravenously into different groups of male rats. Mortality percentage was recorded throughout the experiment. Blood samples were collected at time intervals of ½, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after injection. The present results revealed that intravenous injection of nano- HAp at a dose of 2400 mg/kg b.w. was de...

Due to large grain sizes, the biological properties of the conventional hydroxyapatite (HAp) is l... more Due to large grain sizes, the biological properties of the conventional hydroxyapatite (HAp) is limited to a great extent. Progresses in nanotechnological approaches now allow the fabrication of nano-HAp. In this study, firstly, the characters of nano-hydroxyapatite gel was described and the interaction performance of the formed gel with lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 in vitro was identified. Then, the biological efficiency of nano-HAp gel against Pb(NO3)2 toxicity in vivo was introduced. A polymeric matrix route was selected to synthesis nanocomposite hydroxyapatite gel. The formed gel characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM. Various volumes of the produced nano-HAp gel (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 μl) was adding to 4 ml of ECS solution. The clear supernatant was separated and analyzed by ICP-MS. The results showed a successful removal of lead ions by formed gel. A single dose of intravenous nano-hydroxyapatite at a level of 150 and 300 mg/kg b.w. was injected to male rats following intraperi...

Frontiers in Drug, Chemistry and Clinical Research, 2021

Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 2016

Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 2016

Nanotechnology research is booming worldwide, and the general belief is that medical and biologic... more Nanotechnology research is booming worldwide, and the general belief is that medical and biological applications will form the greatest sector of expansion over the next decade. With this in mind, this study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of a synthesized tricalcium phosphate nanocomposite material (nano-TCP) on hepatocarcinoma in a rat model, as initiated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and promoted with phenobarbital (PB). Hepatocarcinoma was induced with intraperitoneal injections of DEN (50 mg·(kg body mass)−1) 3 times a week for 2 weeks. Three weeks after the last dose of DEN, the rats received PB (0.05 %, w/v) in their drinking water for a further 6 weeks. Nano-TCP (100 mg·(kg body mass)−1) was administered intraperitoneally 3 times per week to rats with HCC. At the end of the experimental period, liver samples were collected from all animals for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The degree of DNA fragmentation was analyzed, in addition to immune stat...

Journal of Advanced Research, 2015

The present study aimed to investigate the mode of action of nano-CaPs in vivo as a therapy for s... more The present study aimed to investigate the mode of action of nano-CaPs in vivo as a therapy for solid tumor in mice. To achieve this goal, Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) was transplanted into 85 Swiss male albino mice. After nine days, the mice were divided into 9 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were allocated as the EAC control. Groups 3 and 4 were injected once intratumorally (IT) by nano-calcium phosphate (nano-CaP). Groups 5 and 6 received once intraperitoneal injection (IP) of nano-CaP. Groups 7, 8, and 9 received nano-CaP (IP) weekly. Blood samples and thigh skeletal muscle were collected after three weeks from groups 1, 3, 5, and 7 and after four weeks from groups 2, 4, 6, and 8. On the other hand, group 9 received nano-CaP (IP) for four weeks and lasted for three months to follow up the recurrence of tumor and to ensure the safety of muscle by histopathological analysis. Tumor growth was monitored twice a week throughout the experiment. DNA fragmentation of tumor cells was evaluated. In thigh tissue, noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin (5HT), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were measured. In serum, 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analyzed. Histopathological and biochemical results showed a significant therapeutic effect of nano-CaP on implanted solid tumor and this effect

PLOS ONE, 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and characteristics of discharge medication... more The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and characteristics of discharge medication discrepancies as identified by pharmacists during discharge medication reconciliation. We also attempted to identify the factors that influence the occurrence of drug discrepancies during medication reconciliation. From June to December 2019, a prospective study was performed at the cardiac center of King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh. The information from discharge prescriptions as compared to the medication administration record (MAR), medication history in the cortex system, and the patient home medication list collected from the medication reconciliation form on admission. The study included all adult patients discharged from KFMC’s cardiac center. These participants comprised 776 patients, 64.6 percent of whom were men and 35.4 percent of whom were women. Medication discrepancies were encountered in 180 patients (23.2%) out of 776 patients. In regard...

Nephrology and Renal Diseases, 2018

Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 2018

Ionizing radiation is one of the environmental factors that may contribute to liver dysfunction t... more Ionizing radiation is one of the environmental factors that may contribute to liver dysfunction through a mechanism involving oxidative stress. This investigation studied the possible therapeutic effects of nano-HAp on hepatotoxicity in rats induced with gamma (γ) radiation. The study was carried out using 3 groups with 10 rats in each. Group 1 comprised the non-irradiated control rats, whereas the rats in groups 2 and 3 received a single dose of 10 Gy γ-radiation. The rats in group 3 were treated with nano-HAp [100 mg·(kg body mass)−1] once a week for 2 weeks starting the day after irradiation. The results showed that the rats exposed to γ-radiation had fragmented DNA, and significantly decreased levels of liver tissue enzymes such as paraoxonase 1, gamma glutamyl, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in tissue were significan...

This study was carried out to evaluate the potential impact of nano hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) int... more This study was carried out to evaluate the potential impact of nano hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) intravenous injection with different concentrations on survival rates and the reaction affecting heart, liver and thyroid functions as well as the level of circulating nitric oxide. An inorganic-organic complexion route was selected for the synthesis of nano-HAp which was characterized by fourier transform infrared, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The synthesized nano HAp was thermally sterilized and prepared with different concentrations (150, 300, 600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 mg/kg b.w.) to be injected intravenously into different groups of male rats. Mortality percentage was recorded throughout the experiment. Blood samples were collected at time intervals of ½, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after injection. The present results revealed that intravenous injection of nano- HAp at a dose of 2400 mg/kg b.w. was de...

Due to large grain sizes, the biological properties of the conventional hydroxyapatite (HAp) is l... more Due to large grain sizes, the biological properties of the conventional hydroxyapatite (HAp) is limited to a great extent. Progresses in nanotechnological approaches now allow the fabrication of nano-HAp. In this study, firstly, the characters of nano-hydroxyapatite gel was described and the interaction performance of the formed gel with lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 in vitro was identified. Then, the biological efficiency of nano-HAp gel against Pb(NO3)2 toxicity in vivo was introduced. A polymeric matrix route was selected to synthesis nanocomposite hydroxyapatite gel. The formed gel characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM. Various volumes of the produced nano-HAp gel (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 μl) was adding to 4 ml of ECS solution. The clear supernatant was separated and analyzed by ICP-MS. The results showed a successful removal of lead ions by formed gel. A single dose of intravenous nano-hydroxyapatite at a level of 150 and 300 mg/kg b.w. was injected to male rats following intraperi...

Frontiers in Drug, Chemistry and Clinical Research, 2021

Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 2016

Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 2016

Nanotechnology research is booming worldwide, and the general belief is that medical and biologic... more Nanotechnology research is booming worldwide, and the general belief is that medical and biological applications will form the greatest sector of expansion over the next decade. With this in mind, this study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of a synthesized tricalcium phosphate nanocomposite material (nano-TCP) on hepatocarcinoma in a rat model, as initiated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and promoted with phenobarbital (PB). Hepatocarcinoma was induced with intraperitoneal injections of DEN (50 mg·(kg body mass)−1) 3 times a week for 2 weeks. Three weeks after the last dose of DEN, the rats received PB (0.05 %, w/v) in their drinking water for a further 6 weeks. Nano-TCP (100 mg·(kg body mass)−1) was administered intraperitoneally 3 times per week to rats with HCC. At the end of the experimental period, liver samples were collected from all animals for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The degree of DNA fragmentation was analyzed, in addition to immune stat...

Journal of Advanced Research, 2015

The present study aimed to investigate the mode of action of nano-CaPs in vivo as a therapy for s... more The present study aimed to investigate the mode of action of nano-CaPs in vivo as a therapy for solid tumor in mice. To achieve this goal, Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) was transplanted into 85 Swiss male albino mice. After nine days, the mice were divided into 9 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were allocated as the EAC control. Groups 3 and 4 were injected once intratumorally (IT) by nano-calcium phosphate (nano-CaP). Groups 5 and 6 received once intraperitoneal injection (IP) of nano-CaP. Groups 7, 8, and 9 received nano-CaP (IP) weekly. Blood samples and thigh skeletal muscle were collected after three weeks from groups 1, 3, 5, and 7 and after four weeks from groups 2, 4, 6, and 8. On the other hand, group 9 received nano-CaP (IP) for four weeks and lasted for three months to follow up the recurrence of tumor and to ensure the safety of muscle by histopathological analysis. Tumor growth was monitored twice a week throughout the experiment. DNA fragmentation of tumor cells was evaluated. In thigh tissue, noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin (5HT), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were measured. In serum, 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analyzed. Histopathological and biochemical results showed a significant therapeutic effect of nano-CaP on implanted solid tumor and this effect