Ayşegül Şarbak - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ayşegül Şarbak

TÜBA - AR, Dec 30, 2018

Devret Höyük is one of the "smallest" (50 x 60 x 12 m) mounds of Anatolia. Salvage excavations ca... more Devret Höyük is one of the "smallest" (50 x 60 x 12 m) mounds of Anatolia. Salvage excavations carried out in 2013 and a total of 17 intramural graves along with those which are dispersed a total of 21 individuals were unearthed. Three of these are pithos graves, others are simple earthen graves. A total of 36 burial gifts found are metal artifacts. The discovered terracotta vessels are imitations of metal wares. These gifts reflect the regional character of the period along with representing the strong influence of the early tradition of Anatolia. Distribution of burials among the settlement and the quality of the gifts, indicates that there were no significant socioeconomic classification between the individuals. The features of the tombs, such as directional union and burial position, proves that a distinct method is applied consciously. The age and sex distributions of the individuals are equal. Except for anemia disease sighted on two individuals, it is understood that by paleoanthropological analyzes the community was generally healthy and was predominantly consuming cereal. The comparision of the finds of Devret burials reveal that the burials could date to the end of Early Bronze Age II and mainly to Early Bronze Age III.

International Journal of Morphology, 2021

International Journal of Morphology, 2021

Accessory vessel grooves (AVG), or accessory vessel sulcus, is the name given to grooves seen in ... more Accessory vessel grooves (AVG), or accessory vessel sulcus, is the name given to grooves seen in the frontal region of the skull. In studies conducted by anthropologists on antiquity skeletons, it is seen that some variations are confused with traumas due to the unknown skeletal morphology. This situation leads to an incorrect evaluation of the socio-economic or health structure of the population. In this study, an accessory vessel grooves research was carried out on the skeletons of the late Roman-early Byzantine population. Studies were conducted on 69 adult human skeletons of known age and sex, and 3 human skeletal skulls whose sex could not be determined. Accessory vessel grooves rate was calculated as 10.54 % in the Spradon ancient population. While there is 10.52 % AVG in female individuals in the population, lower AVG levels have been detected in males compared to females with 9.67 %. There is no significant difference between male and female individuals in terms of AVG. Alth...

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Nov 16, 2020

Previously available samples of Hyracoidea from Paşalar (MN 6, Middle Miocene), Turkey, have indi... more Previously available samples of Hyracoidea from Paşalar (MN 6, Middle Miocene), Turkey, have indicated the presence of Pliohyracidae at the site, but the material was too scanty for confident identification. The single upper molar, an upper molar ectoloph fragment and an ascending ramal fragment were too uninformative for determining the taxonomic identity of the fossils, although several names have been proposed in the literature. Additional fossils collected from Paşalar include upper and lower premolars, which help to tie down the affinities of this hyracoid. They are attributed to the genus Prohyrax, but were not named specifically, even though they are somewhat larger than the largest previously described species, Prohyrax hendeyi, from basal Middle Miocene deposits in Namibia. The presence of cingulids on the lower cheek teeth and the strong parastyle in the upper premolars from Paşalar represent important similarities to the other species of Prohyrax, to the exclusion of other genera of Pliohyracidae.

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, May 3, 2020

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), May 26, 2017

Variations are one of the most important criteria to present the similarities and differences amo... more Variations are one of the most important criteria to present the similarities and differences among populations and individuals. There are different variations that can also be observed on the mandible. One of these variations is the accessory mental foramen (AMF), which is rarely seen on jaws. The paleodemographic analyses conducted on the Byzantine skeletons found in Göztepe Tumulus showed that the population consisted of 24 individuals. Of those 24 individuals, the mandibles of 14 adults were examined macroscopically, and an AMF was found on 3 of them. The examination of the mental foramens (MFs) in terms of their shape showed that 9 oval and 5 circular MFs were found on the left sides of 14 mandibles, and 7 oval and 6 circular MFs were found on the right sides. The present study is important because it is the first study conducted on the AMFs belonging to the Byzantine population in Anatolia.

Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

Adli bilimler, adalet sisteminin sorularına cevap aramak üzere onlarca farklı bilim dalının bir a... more Adli bilimler, adalet sisteminin sorularına cevap aramak üzere onlarca farklı bilim dalının bir arada çalıştığı uygulamaların tamamını kapsayan bir bilim dalıdır. Adli olaylarda araştırmanın ilk aşaması, cesedin kimlik tespitinin yapılmasıdır. Kimlik tespitinin ilk adımı ise cinsiyet tayinidir. İskelet materyallerde cinsiyet tayini, tüm iskelet materyalin bulunması durumunda %100, pelvisten %95, kafatasından %90, sadece pelvis ve kafatasından %98, yalnızca uzun kemiklerden %80 doğruluk oranında cinsiyet tayini yapılabilmektedir. İnsan kemikleri arasında pelvis ve kafatası kemiklerinin olmaması durumunda mandibula önemli bir materyaldir ve cinsiyetin belirlenmesinde yüksek doğruluk oranı bulunmaktadır. Mandibuladan makroskobik ve metrik olmak üzere 2 yöntem ile cinsiyet belirlemek mümkündür. Söz konusu çalışmanın amacı, osteometrik ölçümler yoluyla mandibulanın ramus genişliğinin cinsiyet tayini açısından güvenirliğini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya konu olan materyal, Hitit Üniversitesi Antropoloji Laboratuvarında yer alan, Bizans dönemine tarihlendirilen Sinop Kefevi nekropolünden ele geçirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, Bizans Sinop Kefevi nekropolüne ait mandibulalar 0,01 mm hassasiyete sahip Yamer marka 9001-2009 model dijital kumpas aracılığıyla ölçülmüştür. Ölçümlerden elde edilen verilerin analizleri IBM SPSS V22 programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Analizlerde p<0,05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Yapılan istatistiksel analiz sonucunda, mandibuladan alınan maksimum ramus genişliği cinsiyetler arası anlamlı farklılık gösterirken, minimum ramus genişliğinden elde edilen sonuçlar cinsiyetler arası farklılık göstermemiştir. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuç veren maksimum ramus genişliğinden elde edilen veriler lojistik regrasyon analizi ile incelendiğinde, cinsiyet tayininin doğruluk düzeyi kadınlarda %47,8 iken, erkeklerde %76,5 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma mandibulanın yalnızca ramus bölgesinin olması hâlinde bile osteometrik veriler yardımıyla cinsiyet tayininin mümkün olabileceğini göstermektedir. Anah tar Ke li me ler: Bizans; maksimum ramus genişliği; adli bilimler; cinsiyet tahmini ABS TRACT Objective: Forensic science is a branch of science that covers all the applications in which dozens of different disciplines work together to seek answers to the questions of the justice system. The first step of the investigation in forensic events is the identification of the corpse. The first step in identification is sex determination. Sex determination in skeletal materials can be done with 100% accuracy, 95% accuracy from pelvis, 90% accuracy from skull, 98% accuracy from pelvis and skull only, and 80% accuracy from long bones only if all skeletal material is found. In the absence of pelvis and skull bones among human bones, the mandible is an important material and has a high accuracy in determining sex. It is possible to determine sex from the mandible by 2 methods, macroscopic and metric. The aim of this study is to investigate the reliability of the ramus width of the mandible in terms of sex determination by means of osteometric measurements. Material and Methods: The material that is the subject of the study was obtained from the Sinop Kefevi necropolis, which is located in the Anthropology Laboratory of the Hittite University and dated to the Byzantine period. In this direction, the mandibles of the Byzantine Sinop Kefevi necropolis were measured using a Yamer brand 9001-2009 model digital caliper with 0.01 mm precision. The analyzes of the data obtained from the measurements were made using the IBM SPSS V22 program. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant in the analyses. Results: As a result of the statistical analysis, the maximum ramus width taken from the mandible showed a significant difference between the sexes, while the results obtained from the minimum ramus width did not differ between the sex. When the data obtained from the maximum ramus width, which gave statistically significant results, were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, the accuracy level of sex determination was found to be 47.8% in women and 76.5% in men. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study shows that sex determination is possible the help of osteometric data even if only the ramus region of the mandible is present.

The ancient city of Spradon, which is located in the Ispartakule area of the district of Avcılar ... more The ancient city of Spradon, which is located in the Ispartakule area of the district of Avcılar in İstanbul, dates back to the Late Roman period. A total of 90 individuals, including 58 in graves, were found at the excavation site. Osteoarchaeological investigation concerning skull morphology has been focused on metopic suture. Of the 6 metopic suture examples seen in the roman society of Spradon, 5 were observed in young adults, while 1 belonged to a senior adult. A metopic suture was observed in 5 of the 38 females (13.2%) and in 1 of the 31 males (3.2%). The metopic suture rate in the ancient city of Spradon was calculated as 8.7%, and rates were found to be similar with other Roman period populations in Anatolia. When the comparison is made on Old Anatolian Populations, metopic suture is seen especially in coastal regions of Anatolia in geographical sense. In addition, there is less metopic suture in the internal regions. Statistical Analysis supports this hypothesis.

Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Nov 1, 2017

Canlıların en önemli temel ihtiyaçlarından biri beslenmedir. Beslenme yapısını en iyi yansıtan ya... more Canlıların en önemli temel ihtiyaçlarından biri beslenmedir. Beslenme yapısını en iyi yansıtan yapılar olan dişler sayesinde geçmiş dönemlerde yaşamış olan insanların yaşam biçimlerini, sağlık yapılarını, toplumsal yapılarını ortaya koyabiliriz. Özellikle vücudun en sert yapıları olan dişler, günümüze kadar kalabilmekte ve milyonlarca yıl önce yaşamış olan canlılar hakkında bir takım bilgiler sunmaktadır. Çalışmamızın da konusu olan diş çürüğü beslenme yapısını yansıtan önemli patolojik olgulardan bir tanesidir. Diş çürüğünün oluşmasında besin çeşidi, besinlerin hazırlanış şekli, ağız hijyeni, hamilelik gibi nedenler etkilidir. Araştırmacılar unlu, şekerli ve nişastalı besinlerin diş çürüğüne neden olduklarını ancak balık, et, katı ve sıvı yağların dişlerin çürümesinde etkili olmadığını belirtmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı Dara Antik Kenti Toplumunun sağlık yapısını düş çürüğü açısından değerlendirmektir. Ayrıca Dara Antik Kenti'ni diş çürüğü açısından diğer Eski Anadolu toplumlarıyla karşılaştırarak Eski Anadolu toplumları arasındaki yerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla Dara Antik Kenti Toplumundaki 216 bireye ait toplam 1521 diş, diş çürüğü oluşumu açısından incelenmiştir. 1386 adet daimi dişin 189'unda (%13,63) çürük oluşumu tespit edilmiştir. Diş Çürüğü oranı dişi bireylerde %17,39, erkek bireylerde ise %8,86 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar istatiksel olarak değerlendirilmiş, dişi ve erkek bireyler arasında çürük oluşumu açısından anlamlı bir fark olduğu görülmüştür. Anadolu'da yaşamış eski insan toplumların dişlerinde yapılan çalışmalar çürük sıklığında tarıma geçişle birlikte arttığını göstermiştir. Dara Antik Kenti toplumunda görülen çürük oluşumu tarım toplumlarına benzerlik göstermektedir Ayrıca %13,63 çürük oranı Dara Antik Kentinin karbonhidrat tüketiminin, yoğun olan Eski Anadolu toplulukları arasında olduğunu göstermektedir.

In this study the skeletons which were found in Early Bronze Age I (ca. 3200-3000 B.C.) cemetery ... more In this study the skeletons which were found in Early Bronze Age I (ca. 3200-3000 B.C.) cemetery of Aşağı Salat, were analyzed. There were found thirty five individuals in thirty graves. Also, multiple burials were discovered in three graves. The paleopathological cases weren't observed in the skeletons remains. However some grave findings which were recovered from the graves such as spouted jugs, necklaces and stone beads, were associated with female and subadult individuals.

Antropoloji, 2015

'nde yaşamış toplumların dişlerinde odontometrik açıdan cinsiyet farkı olup olmadığının saptanmas... more 'nde yaşamış toplumların dişlerinde odontometrik açıdan cinsiyet farkı olup olmadığının saptanması ve Anadolu'nun eski toplumları arasındaki yerinin belirlenmesi bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda dişlerden mesio-distal ve bucco-lingual ölçüler alınarak elde edilen veriler SPSS 18.00 programı çerçevesinde cinsiyet farkı açısından irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca, Dara Geç Roma toplumlarının Anadolu eski toplumlar arasındaki yerini belirlemek için iki aşamalı Cluster Analiz uygulanmıştır.

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

Science

Literary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asi... more Literary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asia since the Bronze Age that can be complemented by genetics. Mycenaean period elites in Greece did not differ from the general population and included both people with some steppe ancestry and others, like the Griffin Warrior, without it. Similarly, people in the central area of the Urartian Kingdom around Lake Van lacked the steppe ancestry characteristic of the kingdom’s northern provinces. Anatolia exhibited extraordinary continuity down to the Roman and Byzantine periods, with its people serving as the demographic core of much of the Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. During medieval times, migrations associated with Slavic and Turkic speakers profoundly affected the region.

Science

We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern... more We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.

TURKISH JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES

Previously available samples of Hyracoidea from Paşalar (MN 6, Middle Miocene), Turkey, have indi... more Previously available samples of Hyracoidea from Paşalar (MN 6, Middle Miocene), Turkey, have indicated the presence of Pliohyracidae at the site, but the material was too scanty for confident identification. The single upper molar, an upper molar ectoloph fragment and an ascending ramal fragment were too uninformative for determining the taxonomic identity of the fossils, although several names have been proposed in the literature. Additional fossils collected from Paşalar include upper and lower premolars, which help to tie down the affinities of this hyracoid. They are attributed to the genus Prohyrax, but were not named specifically, even though they are somewhat larger than the largest previously described species, Prohyrax hendeyi, from basal Middle Miocene deposits in Namibia. The presence of cingulids on the lower cheek teeth and the strong parastyle in the upper premolars from Paşalar represent important similarities to the other species of Prohyrax, to the exclusion of othe...

Antropoloji, 2019

The Akgüney population, dated to the Late Roman-Early Byzantine period, is located in the provinc... more The Akgüney population, dated to the Late Roman-Early Byzantine period, is located in the province of Sinop. The aim of the study is to determine the health structure of the population by examining the teeth of Akgüney population in terms of paleopathological aspects. Teeth are the most important materials representing the nutritional state and health status of ancient population. For this reason, 631 teeth belonging to 170 individuals of the Akgüney community were investigated from a paleopathological point of view. As a result of the analyses, 9,12% tooth decay, 28,98% dental calculus and 40,21% hypoplasia were seen in the population. In addition, 7.82% of the antemortem tooth loss, 41.43% of alveolar bone loss, and 1.16% of abscesses were detected in the population. According to the rate of wear in the population, middle (3) degree tooth wear was observed the most in population. The tooth caries, teeth calculus and hypoplasia ratios of Akgüney populations are close to the contemporary population. The abscess, one of the pathological conditions that reflect dental health and oral hygiene, is a little lower than of contemporary populations. It is seen that the degree of tooth wear is close to that of contemporary populations. As a result, findings show that carbohydrate nutrients are found in the diet of Akgüney populations, whereas tooth decay, antemortem tooth loss and alveolar bone loss rates indicate that the oral hygiene and dental health of the population are not very good.

Journal of Turkish Studies, 2019

toplumlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında ise çağdaşı olan diğer toplumlara oranla yüksek değerde olduğu... more toplumlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında ise çağdaşı olan diğer toplumlara oranla yüksek değerde olduğu görülmektedir.

Turkish Studies-Social Sciences, 2019

The examinations on the teeth provide important data on the nutrition of the archaeological socie... more The examinations on the teeth provide important data on the nutrition of the archaeological societies, the health structure, age, sex, relationship between the other populations and their cultural habits. The teeth forming the study material belong to the Gumus Tumulus population dated to the Byzantine Period. Gumus Tumulus is located in Erenler Tepesi Mevkii, Safranbolu, Karabük. The aim of the study is to determine the socioeconomic status, health structure and feeding patterns of the Gumus Tumulus population, which are dated to the Byzantine period, by examining the teeth of the Gumus Tumulus population. It is also to determine the place among the other ancient Anatolian populations which are contemporary in terms of dental pathologies. In this respect, 282 teeth of 24 individuals from the GumusTumulus excavations were examined from a paleopathological point of view. Of the 282 teeth, 139 belong to the female individual, 73 to the male individual, 38 to the child and 15 to the adolescent individual. 17 teeth are isolated. As a result of the examinations, teeth caries rate in the population is found to be 3.52%. The Gumus Tumulus rate of teeth caries is 4.76% for female and 1.69% for male. The rate of dental caries in children is 5.26%. There is no dental caries in the teeth of the adolescent. The rate of abscess, which is one of the most important indicators of dental health, is determined as 1.4%. Antemortem tooth loss rate is 6.2%. Antemortem tooth loss rate is found to be 5.31% in female and 7.84% in male subjects. The rate of dental stones, which provide important clues about the nutritional structure, nutrient preparation and oral health of the society, is determined as 17.34%. Population's teeth wear is 4 degrees.

Science

By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southe... more By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra–West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe.

Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2020

Bireyin yaşamı sırasında dişini kaybetmesi olarak tanımlanan antemortem diş kaybı, daha çok diş ç... more Bireyin yaşamı sırasında dişini kaybetmesi olarak tanımlanan antemortem diş kaybı, daha çok diş çürüğü, diş aşınması, alveol kemik kaybı gibi diş patolojilerinin yanı sıra travma gibi nedenlerle oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada, erişkin kadın ve erkek bireylere ait toplam 1344 alveolar soket incelenmiş ve %7,06 oranında ölüm öncesi diş kaybı tespit edilmiştir. Diş kaybı oranları yaş ve cinsiyet açısından değerlendirilmiş ve antemortem diş kaybının olası nedenleri araştırılmıştır. Spradon Antik Kenti Toplumunun diş çürüğü oranları dikkate alınarak daha çok karbonhidratlı besinlerle beslendiği ve ölüm öncesi diş kaybının oluşumunda diş patolojilerinin etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca toplumda yaşla birlikte antemortem diş kaybı oranında artış kaydedilmiştir. Diğer araştırmacıların kendi yapmış oldukları çalışmalarda tespit edilen bu durum Spradon Antik Kenti Toplumunda geçerliliğini korumuştur. Antemortem diş kaybının kadın bireylerde erkek bireylere göre daha yüksek oranda görüldüğü çeşitli çalışmalarda belirtilmiştir. Ancak Spradon Antik Kenti Toplumunda kadın ve erkek bireyler arasında anlamlı fark tespit edilmemiştir.

TÜBA - AR, Dec 30, 2018

Devret Höyük is one of the "smallest" (50 x 60 x 12 m) mounds of Anatolia. Salvage excavations ca... more Devret Höyük is one of the "smallest" (50 x 60 x 12 m) mounds of Anatolia. Salvage excavations carried out in 2013 and a total of 17 intramural graves along with those which are dispersed a total of 21 individuals were unearthed. Three of these are pithos graves, others are simple earthen graves. A total of 36 burial gifts found are metal artifacts. The discovered terracotta vessels are imitations of metal wares. These gifts reflect the regional character of the period along with representing the strong influence of the early tradition of Anatolia. Distribution of burials among the settlement and the quality of the gifts, indicates that there were no significant socioeconomic classification between the individuals. The features of the tombs, such as directional union and burial position, proves that a distinct method is applied consciously. The age and sex distributions of the individuals are equal. Except for anemia disease sighted on two individuals, it is understood that by paleoanthropological analyzes the community was generally healthy and was predominantly consuming cereal. The comparision of the finds of Devret burials reveal that the burials could date to the end of Early Bronze Age II and mainly to Early Bronze Age III.

International Journal of Morphology, 2021

International Journal of Morphology, 2021

Accessory vessel grooves (AVG), or accessory vessel sulcus, is the name given to grooves seen in ... more Accessory vessel grooves (AVG), or accessory vessel sulcus, is the name given to grooves seen in the frontal region of the skull. In studies conducted by anthropologists on antiquity skeletons, it is seen that some variations are confused with traumas due to the unknown skeletal morphology. This situation leads to an incorrect evaluation of the socio-economic or health structure of the population. In this study, an accessory vessel grooves research was carried out on the skeletons of the late Roman-early Byzantine population. Studies were conducted on 69 adult human skeletons of known age and sex, and 3 human skeletal skulls whose sex could not be determined. Accessory vessel grooves rate was calculated as 10.54 % in the Spradon ancient population. While there is 10.52 % AVG in female individuals in the population, lower AVG levels have been detected in males compared to females with 9.67 %. There is no significant difference between male and female individuals in terms of AVG. Alth...

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Nov 16, 2020

Previously available samples of Hyracoidea from Paşalar (MN 6, Middle Miocene), Turkey, have indi... more Previously available samples of Hyracoidea from Paşalar (MN 6, Middle Miocene), Turkey, have indicated the presence of Pliohyracidae at the site, but the material was too scanty for confident identification. The single upper molar, an upper molar ectoloph fragment and an ascending ramal fragment were too uninformative for determining the taxonomic identity of the fossils, although several names have been proposed in the literature. Additional fossils collected from Paşalar include upper and lower premolars, which help to tie down the affinities of this hyracoid. They are attributed to the genus Prohyrax, but were not named specifically, even though they are somewhat larger than the largest previously described species, Prohyrax hendeyi, from basal Middle Miocene deposits in Namibia. The presence of cingulids on the lower cheek teeth and the strong parastyle in the upper premolars from Paşalar represent important similarities to the other species of Prohyrax, to the exclusion of other genera of Pliohyracidae.

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, May 3, 2020

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), May 26, 2017

Variations are one of the most important criteria to present the similarities and differences amo... more Variations are one of the most important criteria to present the similarities and differences among populations and individuals. There are different variations that can also be observed on the mandible. One of these variations is the accessory mental foramen (AMF), which is rarely seen on jaws. The paleodemographic analyses conducted on the Byzantine skeletons found in Göztepe Tumulus showed that the population consisted of 24 individuals. Of those 24 individuals, the mandibles of 14 adults were examined macroscopically, and an AMF was found on 3 of them. The examination of the mental foramens (MFs) in terms of their shape showed that 9 oval and 5 circular MFs were found on the left sides of 14 mandibles, and 7 oval and 6 circular MFs were found on the right sides. The present study is important because it is the first study conducted on the AMFs belonging to the Byzantine population in Anatolia.

Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

Adli bilimler, adalet sisteminin sorularına cevap aramak üzere onlarca farklı bilim dalının bir a... more Adli bilimler, adalet sisteminin sorularına cevap aramak üzere onlarca farklı bilim dalının bir arada çalıştığı uygulamaların tamamını kapsayan bir bilim dalıdır. Adli olaylarda araştırmanın ilk aşaması, cesedin kimlik tespitinin yapılmasıdır. Kimlik tespitinin ilk adımı ise cinsiyet tayinidir. İskelet materyallerde cinsiyet tayini, tüm iskelet materyalin bulunması durumunda %100, pelvisten %95, kafatasından %90, sadece pelvis ve kafatasından %98, yalnızca uzun kemiklerden %80 doğruluk oranında cinsiyet tayini yapılabilmektedir. İnsan kemikleri arasında pelvis ve kafatası kemiklerinin olmaması durumunda mandibula önemli bir materyaldir ve cinsiyetin belirlenmesinde yüksek doğruluk oranı bulunmaktadır. Mandibuladan makroskobik ve metrik olmak üzere 2 yöntem ile cinsiyet belirlemek mümkündür. Söz konusu çalışmanın amacı, osteometrik ölçümler yoluyla mandibulanın ramus genişliğinin cinsiyet tayini açısından güvenirliğini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya konu olan materyal, Hitit Üniversitesi Antropoloji Laboratuvarında yer alan, Bizans dönemine tarihlendirilen Sinop Kefevi nekropolünden ele geçirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, Bizans Sinop Kefevi nekropolüne ait mandibulalar 0,01 mm hassasiyete sahip Yamer marka 9001-2009 model dijital kumpas aracılığıyla ölçülmüştür. Ölçümlerden elde edilen verilerin analizleri IBM SPSS V22 programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Analizlerde p<0,05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Yapılan istatistiksel analiz sonucunda, mandibuladan alınan maksimum ramus genişliği cinsiyetler arası anlamlı farklılık gösterirken, minimum ramus genişliğinden elde edilen sonuçlar cinsiyetler arası farklılık göstermemiştir. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuç veren maksimum ramus genişliğinden elde edilen veriler lojistik regrasyon analizi ile incelendiğinde, cinsiyet tayininin doğruluk düzeyi kadınlarda %47,8 iken, erkeklerde %76,5 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma mandibulanın yalnızca ramus bölgesinin olması hâlinde bile osteometrik veriler yardımıyla cinsiyet tayininin mümkün olabileceğini göstermektedir. Anah tar Ke li me ler: Bizans; maksimum ramus genişliği; adli bilimler; cinsiyet tahmini ABS TRACT Objective: Forensic science is a branch of science that covers all the applications in which dozens of different disciplines work together to seek answers to the questions of the justice system. The first step of the investigation in forensic events is the identification of the corpse. The first step in identification is sex determination. Sex determination in skeletal materials can be done with 100% accuracy, 95% accuracy from pelvis, 90% accuracy from skull, 98% accuracy from pelvis and skull only, and 80% accuracy from long bones only if all skeletal material is found. In the absence of pelvis and skull bones among human bones, the mandible is an important material and has a high accuracy in determining sex. It is possible to determine sex from the mandible by 2 methods, macroscopic and metric. The aim of this study is to investigate the reliability of the ramus width of the mandible in terms of sex determination by means of osteometric measurements. Material and Methods: The material that is the subject of the study was obtained from the Sinop Kefevi necropolis, which is located in the Anthropology Laboratory of the Hittite University and dated to the Byzantine period. In this direction, the mandibles of the Byzantine Sinop Kefevi necropolis were measured using a Yamer brand 9001-2009 model digital caliper with 0.01 mm precision. The analyzes of the data obtained from the measurements were made using the IBM SPSS V22 program. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant in the analyses. Results: As a result of the statistical analysis, the maximum ramus width taken from the mandible showed a significant difference between the sexes, while the results obtained from the minimum ramus width did not differ between the sex. When the data obtained from the maximum ramus width, which gave statistically significant results, were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, the accuracy level of sex determination was found to be 47.8% in women and 76.5% in men. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study shows that sex determination is possible the help of osteometric data even if only the ramus region of the mandible is present.

The ancient city of Spradon, which is located in the Ispartakule area of the district of Avcılar ... more The ancient city of Spradon, which is located in the Ispartakule area of the district of Avcılar in İstanbul, dates back to the Late Roman period. A total of 90 individuals, including 58 in graves, were found at the excavation site. Osteoarchaeological investigation concerning skull morphology has been focused on metopic suture. Of the 6 metopic suture examples seen in the roman society of Spradon, 5 were observed in young adults, while 1 belonged to a senior adult. A metopic suture was observed in 5 of the 38 females (13.2%) and in 1 of the 31 males (3.2%). The metopic suture rate in the ancient city of Spradon was calculated as 8.7%, and rates were found to be similar with other Roman period populations in Anatolia. When the comparison is made on Old Anatolian Populations, metopic suture is seen especially in coastal regions of Anatolia in geographical sense. In addition, there is less metopic suture in the internal regions. Statistical Analysis supports this hypothesis.

Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Nov 1, 2017

Canlıların en önemli temel ihtiyaçlarından biri beslenmedir. Beslenme yapısını en iyi yansıtan ya... more Canlıların en önemli temel ihtiyaçlarından biri beslenmedir. Beslenme yapısını en iyi yansıtan yapılar olan dişler sayesinde geçmiş dönemlerde yaşamış olan insanların yaşam biçimlerini, sağlık yapılarını, toplumsal yapılarını ortaya koyabiliriz. Özellikle vücudun en sert yapıları olan dişler, günümüze kadar kalabilmekte ve milyonlarca yıl önce yaşamış olan canlılar hakkında bir takım bilgiler sunmaktadır. Çalışmamızın da konusu olan diş çürüğü beslenme yapısını yansıtan önemli patolojik olgulardan bir tanesidir. Diş çürüğünün oluşmasında besin çeşidi, besinlerin hazırlanış şekli, ağız hijyeni, hamilelik gibi nedenler etkilidir. Araştırmacılar unlu, şekerli ve nişastalı besinlerin diş çürüğüne neden olduklarını ancak balık, et, katı ve sıvı yağların dişlerin çürümesinde etkili olmadığını belirtmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı Dara Antik Kenti Toplumunun sağlık yapısını düş çürüğü açısından değerlendirmektir. Ayrıca Dara Antik Kenti'ni diş çürüğü açısından diğer Eski Anadolu toplumlarıyla karşılaştırarak Eski Anadolu toplumları arasındaki yerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla Dara Antik Kenti Toplumundaki 216 bireye ait toplam 1521 diş, diş çürüğü oluşumu açısından incelenmiştir. 1386 adet daimi dişin 189'unda (%13,63) çürük oluşumu tespit edilmiştir. Diş Çürüğü oranı dişi bireylerde %17,39, erkek bireylerde ise %8,86 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar istatiksel olarak değerlendirilmiş, dişi ve erkek bireyler arasında çürük oluşumu açısından anlamlı bir fark olduğu görülmüştür. Anadolu'da yaşamış eski insan toplumların dişlerinde yapılan çalışmalar çürük sıklığında tarıma geçişle birlikte arttığını göstermiştir. Dara Antik Kenti toplumunda görülen çürük oluşumu tarım toplumlarına benzerlik göstermektedir Ayrıca %13,63 çürük oranı Dara Antik Kentinin karbonhidrat tüketiminin, yoğun olan Eski Anadolu toplulukları arasında olduğunu göstermektedir.

In this study the skeletons which were found in Early Bronze Age I (ca. 3200-3000 B.C.) cemetery ... more In this study the skeletons which were found in Early Bronze Age I (ca. 3200-3000 B.C.) cemetery of Aşağı Salat, were analyzed. There were found thirty five individuals in thirty graves. Also, multiple burials were discovered in three graves. The paleopathological cases weren't observed in the skeletons remains. However some grave findings which were recovered from the graves such as spouted jugs, necklaces and stone beads, were associated with female and subadult individuals.

Antropoloji, 2015

'nde yaşamış toplumların dişlerinde odontometrik açıdan cinsiyet farkı olup olmadığının saptanmas... more 'nde yaşamış toplumların dişlerinde odontometrik açıdan cinsiyet farkı olup olmadığının saptanması ve Anadolu'nun eski toplumları arasındaki yerinin belirlenmesi bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda dişlerden mesio-distal ve bucco-lingual ölçüler alınarak elde edilen veriler SPSS 18.00 programı çerçevesinde cinsiyet farkı açısından irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca, Dara Geç Roma toplumlarının Anadolu eski toplumlar arasındaki yerini belirlemek için iki aşamalı Cluster Analiz uygulanmıştır.

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

Science

Literary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asi... more Literary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asia since the Bronze Age that can be complemented by genetics. Mycenaean period elites in Greece did not differ from the general population and included both people with some steppe ancestry and others, like the Griffin Warrior, without it. Similarly, people in the central area of the Urartian Kingdom around Lake Van lacked the steppe ancestry characteristic of the kingdom’s northern provinces. Anatolia exhibited extraordinary continuity down to the Roman and Byzantine periods, with its people serving as the demographic core of much of the Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. During medieval times, migrations associated with Slavic and Turkic speakers profoundly affected the region.

Science

We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern... more We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.

TURKISH JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES

Previously available samples of Hyracoidea from Paşalar (MN 6, Middle Miocene), Turkey, have indi... more Previously available samples of Hyracoidea from Paşalar (MN 6, Middle Miocene), Turkey, have indicated the presence of Pliohyracidae at the site, but the material was too scanty for confident identification. The single upper molar, an upper molar ectoloph fragment and an ascending ramal fragment were too uninformative for determining the taxonomic identity of the fossils, although several names have been proposed in the literature. Additional fossils collected from Paşalar include upper and lower premolars, which help to tie down the affinities of this hyracoid. They are attributed to the genus Prohyrax, but were not named specifically, even though they are somewhat larger than the largest previously described species, Prohyrax hendeyi, from basal Middle Miocene deposits in Namibia. The presence of cingulids on the lower cheek teeth and the strong parastyle in the upper premolars from Paşalar represent important similarities to the other species of Prohyrax, to the exclusion of othe...

Antropoloji, 2019

The Akgüney population, dated to the Late Roman-Early Byzantine period, is located in the provinc... more The Akgüney population, dated to the Late Roman-Early Byzantine period, is located in the province of Sinop. The aim of the study is to determine the health structure of the population by examining the teeth of Akgüney population in terms of paleopathological aspects. Teeth are the most important materials representing the nutritional state and health status of ancient population. For this reason, 631 teeth belonging to 170 individuals of the Akgüney community were investigated from a paleopathological point of view. As a result of the analyses, 9,12% tooth decay, 28,98% dental calculus and 40,21% hypoplasia were seen in the population. In addition, 7.82% of the antemortem tooth loss, 41.43% of alveolar bone loss, and 1.16% of abscesses were detected in the population. According to the rate of wear in the population, middle (3) degree tooth wear was observed the most in population. The tooth caries, teeth calculus and hypoplasia ratios of Akgüney populations are close to the contemporary population. The abscess, one of the pathological conditions that reflect dental health and oral hygiene, is a little lower than of contemporary populations. It is seen that the degree of tooth wear is close to that of contemporary populations. As a result, findings show that carbohydrate nutrients are found in the diet of Akgüney populations, whereas tooth decay, antemortem tooth loss and alveolar bone loss rates indicate that the oral hygiene and dental health of the population are not very good.

Journal of Turkish Studies, 2019

toplumlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında ise çağdaşı olan diğer toplumlara oranla yüksek değerde olduğu... more toplumlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında ise çağdaşı olan diğer toplumlara oranla yüksek değerde olduğu görülmektedir.

Turkish Studies-Social Sciences, 2019

The examinations on the teeth provide important data on the nutrition of the archaeological socie... more The examinations on the teeth provide important data on the nutrition of the archaeological societies, the health structure, age, sex, relationship between the other populations and their cultural habits. The teeth forming the study material belong to the Gumus Tumulus population dated to the Byzantine Period. Gumus Tumulus is located in Erenler Tepesi Mevkii, Safranbolu, Karabük. The aim of the study is to determine the socioeconomic status, health structure and feeding patterns of the Gumus Tumulus population, which are dated to the Byzantine period, by examining the teeth of the Gumus Tumulus population. It is also to determine the place among the other ancient Anatolian populations which are contemporary in terms of dental pathologies. In this respect, 282 teeth of 24 individuals from the GumusTumulus excavations were examined from a paleopathological point of view. Of the 282 teeth, 139 belong to the female individual, 73 to the male individual, 38 to the child and 15 to the adolescent individual. 17 teeth are isolated. As a result of the examinations, teeth caries rate in the population is found to be 3.52%. The Gumus Tumulus rate of teeth caries is 4.76% for female and 1.69% for male. The rate of dental caries in children is 5.26%. There is no dental caries in the teeth of the adolescent. The rate of abscess, which is one of the most important indicators of dental health, is determined as 1.4%. Antemortem tooth loss rate is 6.2%. Antemortem tooth loss rate is found to be 5.31% in female and 7.84% in male subjects. The rate of dental stones, which provide important clues about the nutritional structure, nutrient preparation and oral health of the society, is determined as 17.34%. Population's teeth wear is 4 degrees.

Science

By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southe... more By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra–West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe.

Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2020

Bireyin yaşamı sırasında dişini kaybetmesi olarak tanımlanan antemortem diş kaybı, daha çok diş ç... more Bireyin yaşamı sırasında dişini kaybetmesi olarak tanımlanan antemortem diş kaybı, daha çok diş çürüğü, diş aşınması, alveol kemik kaybı gibi diş patolojilerinin yanı sıra travma gibi nedenlerle oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada, erişkin kadın ve erkek bireylere ait toplam 1344 alveolar soket incelenmiş ve %7,06 oranında ölüm öncesi diş kaybı tespit edilmiştir. Diş kaybı oranları yaş ve cinsiyet açısından değerlendirilmiş ve antemortem diş kaybının olası nedenleri araştırılmıştır. Spradon Antik Kenti Toplumunun diş çürüğü oranları dikkate alınarak daha çok karbonhidratlı besinlerle beslendiği ve ölüm öncesi diş kaybının oluşumunda diş patolojilerinin etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca toplumda yaşla birlikte antemortem diş kaybı oranında artış kaydedilmiştir. Diğer araştırmacıların kendi yapmış oldukları çalışmalarda tespit edilen bu durum Spradon Antik Kenti Toplumunda geçerliliğini korumuştur. Antemortem diş kaybının kadın bireylerde erkek bireylere göre daha yüksek oranda görüldüğü çeşitli çalışmalarda belirtilmiştir. Ancak Spradon Antik Kenti Toplumunda kadın ve erkek bireyler arasında anlamlı fark tespit edilmemiştir.

Recent Evaluations on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2019

Parion OM 5 is dated to the Roman period. As a result of paleodemographic analysis, the number of... more Parion OM 5 is dated to the Roman period. As a result of paleodemographic analysis, the number of male and female individuals in the OM 5 Society is 13. A total of 26 adult individuals accounted for 78.8% of the whole population. A total of 2 babies and 5 children were identified in the population. Parion OM 5 The smallest individual is a 9-month-old infant. The oldest person in the society is a 57-year-old woman. The oldest male in the community is 56 years old. In Parion OM 5, the age at which the death range of women is high is 25-35. It is a possible idea to link the mortality rate to the adverse conditions that develop after birth in this age group. The average age of male individuals in the society was higher than that of women. The mean age of women was 43.9 years and the mean age of women was 39.4 years. The biggest reason for the difference in age between men and women is the differentiation in social status. The average age of the adult population of Om 5 is 41.03 years. Considering the OM 5 and contemporary Roman communities, it can be said that the high age average is a result of being advantageous in accessing nutritional resources.