Ayesha Anwar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ayesha Anwar

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDORSING HEALTH SCIENCE RESEARCH (IJEHSR), 2016

Object: To determine the frequency of symptomatic osteoarthritis in general population of Karachi... more Object: To determine the frequency of symptomatic osteoarthritis in general population of Karachi presenting with joint pain. Introduction: People easily get tired due to heavy duty occupations to keep pace with the society. Arthralgia commonly called as "Joint pain" is one of the most frequently observed complain, especially in individuals aged 50 above. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC) from 1 st November 2013 to 25 th November 2013. The data was collected from 316 patients presenting to the department of rheumatology and orthopedics with joint pain. A structured questionnaire was designed based on the clinical symptomatology of osteoarthritis. It was administered to the participants aged above 18 yrs. old. 17.7% of males and 82.3% of females participated in the study. Result: Out of 316 patients with joint pain, 71.2% (n=225) were diagnosed osteoarthritis on the basis of symptoms present with a high prevalence in females than males. The most common joints to be involved in osteoarthritis were found to be knee joint (90.2%) and hip joint (55.7%). The majority of the patients (n=109) had an X-ray of their joint and n=125 was getting analgesics as an effective therapy for osteoarthritis. Conclusion: The frequency of osteoarthritis is increasing in Karachi with globalization due to high level occupational stress along with recreational activity stress and other contributive factors. Female predominance as compare to that of man is quite alarming that needs to be controlled for maintaining future quality of life and providing ease for daily activities.

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2018

Objective: Comparison of efficacy of combination comprising 2% ketoconazole solution wash plus to... more Objective: Comparison of efficacy of combination comprising 2% ketoconazole solution wash plus topical 1% clotrimazole versus topical 1% clotrimazole alone in management of patients with Pityriasis versicolor. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Dermatology department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Oct 2016 to Apr 2017. Material and Methods: Sixty patients of Pityriasis versicolor, both male and female were included in study. Diagnosis of Pityriasis versicolor was made clinically and confirmed microscopically by examining skin scrapings for fungal hyphae. Patients with concomitant systemic illnesses or those who had received anti-fungal in last three months were excluded from study. Random number tables were used to allocate patients to the two treatment groups. Group A received 2% ketoconazole shampoo twice per week for four weeks plus topical 1% clotrimazole twice daily application for 2 weeks. Group B received only topical the...

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2018

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance that begins or is first recogni... more Gestational diabetes (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance that begins or is first recognized during pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM is on the rise due to increasing trends of obesity in females of child bearing age as well as due to increasing maternal age. Women at higher risk should be routinely screened of the condition and offered appropriate management in order to avoid fetal and maternal complications. GDM is associated with higher incidence of maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy and labour. There is a significant relationship between GDM and prediabetic states as well as high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of management is to keep glycaemic levels within specific targets to avoid adverse outcomes. Improved health related quality of life has been linked with treatment of gestational diabetes with active lifestyle, glucose monitoring and use of insulin. Historically, non pharmacological intervention and insulin have been the main approaches in management of GDM, though recently there is an emerging evidence of use of oral hypoglycemic agents. In this article we have reviewed the existing evidence and recommendations in management of GDM.

Forman Journal of Economic Studies, 2021

Crime is more than just a sociological and psychological phenomenon. The economic effects of any ... more Crime is more than just a sociological and psychological phenomenon. The economic effects of any criminal activity are intriguing and vice versa. This paper attempts to profile crime scenario in Pakistan in the socio-economic context at aggregated and disaggregated level. Three crime supply models have been constructed using formal econometric techniques i.e., aggregated crime, crime against person and crime against property. These models depict the various socioeconomic variables effecting different crimes. The paper also captures the deterrence effect but on a very limited scale using police strength as proxy. The paper has drawn many conclusions indicating effects of social and economic injustices making people choose illegal activities over lawful ways of earnings and the role of government to intervene and promote socio-economic equity. Government should introduce effective social security programs to create more jobs and to minimize income inequalities. Policing and effective ...

Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021

Objective: comparison of efficacy of topical 4% hydroquinone monotherapy with combination of oral... more Objective: comparison of efficacy of topical 4% hydroquinone monotherapy with combination of oral tranexamic acid and topical 4% hydroquinone in the treatment of epidermal melasma Study design: Quasi experimental study Study period and place: Dermatology OPD, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi from July 2018 to January 2019. Methodology: Total 80 patients presenting with epidermal melasma were selected from outdoor patient department after applying the inclusion criteria and consent was taken from selected patients. Study was started after getting permission from hospital ethical review board. Two treatment groups were made after dividing patients by using alternate method. Treatment with topical 4% hydroquinone alone was started for group A patients and combination of capsule tranexamic acid (250 mg two times a day) along with topical 4% hydroquinone were started for group B patients for the next 6 months. Evaluation of patients through detailed history, clinical and wood’s ...

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2021

BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris (AV) is an inflammatory disorder of pilosebaceous unit and it affects ov... more BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris (AV) is an inflammatory disorder of pilosebaceous unit and it affects over 85% of teenagers (peak age 17 years) during some point in their lives. Of these 30% have acne severe enough to require medical treatment. The overall incidence is comparable in both genders. Objective was to compare the efficacy of azithromycin plus levamisole with azithromycin alone in the treatment of moderate to severe acne. It was a single centre randomized controlled trial, conducted at the Department of Dermatology at Military Hospital Rawalpindi. METHODS We selected 118 patients of acne who fulfilled the inclusion criteria from the dermatology outpatient department. Diagnosis was based on clinical features of acne and severity defined using Acne Global Severity Score. The patients were randomly assigned two treatment groups; Patients in group A received Azithromycin 500 mg per day given for 3 days a week plus oral levamisole 150 mg per day was given for 2 days a week for a tota...

The current study was designed to explore the potential relationship of wisdom with age and gende... more The current study was designed to explore the potential relationship of wisdom with age and gender. A sample of 400 individuals, representative of both genders (men=185 & women=215 with age range 17-50 years) was drawn from various educational institutions and work places of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. Ardelt’s (2003) three-dimensional wisdom scale (3D-WS) was used as a tool to collect the relevant information. According to the results, gender accounted for significant variation in wisdom. Men outperformed women on affective and reflective dimensions of wisdom. However, there was no significant gender difference on the cognitive dimension that indicates that, on average, men and women are equally high in cognitive aspect of wisdom. A strong relationship was also observed between age and wisdom attesting wisdom as dependent on age.

Genetically modified crops are new products of agriculture biotechnology. Rice is one of the top ... more Genetically modified crops are new products of agriculture biotechnology. Rice is one of the top food crops that are modified genetically to fulfill the increasing food demand of the world. However, the benefits and risks of genetically modified crops are the topics of hot debate. Limited reports regarding the effects of genetically modified rice on the structure and function of soil microbial communities are available. Moreover, conclusions based on these studies are very perplexing and create a state of confusion regarding the impact of GM rice and their released products on soil microbiota and ecosystem. Few of the reports on transgenic rice recommend that if the transgene products from the GM rice become accumulated more than their utilization and/or biodegradation, it might cause accretion of these products in the soil beyond their safety level which may cause the long-term impact on the soil ecosystem including soil micro-fauna and micro-flora. Temporal and spatial factors are...

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2019

Objective: To compare the frequency of success of intralesional vitamin D3 versus cryotherapy for... more Objective: To compare the frequency of success of intralesional vitamin D3 versus cryotherapy for management of patients with plantar warts. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Aug 2016 to Feb 2017. Methodology: Total 60 patients, fulfilling the selection criteria, were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided in two groups by using lottery method. In group 1, Vitamin D3 was injected into the base of the warts after local anaesthetic agent, prilocaine. In group 2, cryotherapy was done by using a high-intensity regimen of one session every two weeks till 6 weeks. All patients were followed-up in Out-Patient Department (OPD) for 13 weeks. After 13 weeks, condition of warts was assessed. In case of complete resolution of warts, the success was labeled. Results: In this study success rate of intralesional D3 was 63.3% and for cryotherapy success rate was 43.3% (p...

Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology, 2018

The Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is a very rare syndrome of autosomal recessive inheritance ch... more The Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is a very rare syndrome of autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and early onset periodontitis, leading to premature loss of both primary and permanent dentition. We report three cases of PLS in the same family who presented with all characteristic features. All patients presented with persistent thickening, flaking and scaling of the skin of palms and soles, mobility and rapid loss of teeth. Severe gingival inflammation, abscess formation, and deep periodontal pockets along with loss of teeth were evident on intraoral examination.

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2020

Objective: To determine the correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c) and mean platelet... more Objective: To determine the correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c) and mean platelet volume (MPV) among the patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Correlational study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jun 2018 to Dec 2018. Methodology: A total of two hundred patients with type II diabetes mellitus reporting for the routine follow-up were recruited. They were divided into two groups on the basis of HBA1c levels. Group A had patients with HBA1c level 7%. Mean platelet volume and routine socio-demographic factors were measured and compared in both the groups. Results: Mean duration of diabetes among the patients was 4.28 ± 5.128 years. A total of 163 (81.5%) patients were using the oral hypoglycemic while 37 (18.5%) were on the insulin. Mean platelet volume of patients in group A was 8.16 ± 0.39 while mean platelet volume of patients in group B was 9.34 ± 0.81. Strong correlation of mean platelet volume ...

Journal of Case Reports, 2016

Introduction: Intrauterine contraceptive devices generally carry a low risk of complications. Inf... more Introduction: Intrauterine contraceptive devices generally carry a low risk of complications. Infection, possibly due to damage caused upon insertion, can occur and actinomycetaceae are the most likely cause of pelvic actinomycosis. Case report: A 41-year-old female presented with a two-month history of raised temperature, weight loss and abdominal tenderness. Contrast tomography imaging indicated pyometria and pelvic actinomycosis-like abscess linked to intrauterine contraceptive device use. Full microbiological reporting, including anaerobic cultures and 16S PCR, identified the bacterium Propionibacterium propionicum. A six-month course of amoxicillin resolved the infection and the patient made a full recovery. Conclusion: Increased IUCD-related actinomycosis awareness and improved diagnostics may increase detection of P. propionicum, a pathogen rarely reported on to date.

Pacific Accounting Review, 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of privatized initial public offerings ... more PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of privatized initial public offerings (IPOs) on flipping activity in the Pakistan IPO market.Design/methodology/approachThis study sampled 95 IPOs listed on the Pakistan stock exchange over the period of 2000 to 2019. The ordinary least square technique and quantile regression were used to examine the impact of privatized IPO on flipping activity.FindingsThe present study finds that privatization affects flipping activity and creates a quality signal in Pakistan’s IPO market. The findings of this study also show that privatized IPOs were subjected to high levels of flipping activity compared to non-privatized IPOs. Additionally, investors’ demand has been found to moderate the relationship between privatized IPOs and flipping activity in Pakistan’s IPO market.Research limitations/implicationsBased on the fact that the sample consists of a combination of privatized and non-privatized IPOs, the results provide valuable insight...

PAFMJ, 2021

Objective: To compare the efficacy of oral fluconazole and oral itraconazole in the treatment of ... more Objective: To compare the efficacy of oral fluconazole and oral itraconazole in the treatment of Pityriasisversicolor. Study Design: Comparative prospective study. Methodology: Total 72 patients of both genders with Pityriasis versicolor were included. Patients were randomly allocated into two treatment groups with 36 patients in each group: group A and group B by lottery method. Patients in group A received Cap Fluconazole 150 mg bi- weekly for two consecutive weeks while those in group B received two doses of 400 mg of itraconazole once weekly for two weeks. Patients were asked to follow-up after 4 weeks skin scrapings for microscopy using 10% KOH mount was done at follow-up. Efficacy was assessed in terms of negative fungal hyphae on microscopy. Results: In this study, age ranged from 18 to 40 years with mean age of 33.52 ± 4.12 years in group A, whereas35.055 ± 4.18 years in group B. Mean duration of disease was 4.66 ± 1.51 months in group A and 5.27 ± 1.70months in group B. Eff...

American Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2020

Background: Healthcare related bacterial endocarditis represents a significant portion of endocar... more Background: Healthcare related bacterial endocarditis represents a significant portion of endocarditis seen today. Suspicion for these infections should be particularly high in patients with chronic indwelling central venous catheters, and most notably, in patients with hemodialysis catheters. These infections may have a predilection for the superior vena cava due to proximity of the catheters to the great veins of the neck. Transthoracic echocardiography and/or trans-esophageal echocardiography should be done promptly in patients in which there a high suspicion for such infections, in order to identify these lesions, and guide appropriate management with either antibiotics or surgical intervention. Case presentation: We present a 59-year-old female with multiple comorbidities including diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis via an anterior chest wall catheter, who presented with fever, chills, and abdominal pain. She was found to have pus in and around her catheter. Further evaluation with trans-esophageal echocardiography revealed the presence of a superior vena cava vegetation extending into the right atrium. She received a 6 week course of appropriate antibiotics with repeat trans-esophageal echocardiography showing a significant reduction in the size of the vegetation. Patient remained afebrile, and without leukocytosis and negative blood cultures for the remainder of her hospital stay.

Phytotaxa, 2020

A new species of smut fungi, Urocystis piptatheri is described from Kumrat Valley, Pakistan based... more A new species of smut fungi, Urocystis piptatheri is described from Kumrat Valley, Pakistan based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA comprising the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions along with large subunit (LSU). The new species is characterized by the large size of its spore balls, size and number of central spores, spore wall thickness, sori in leaves and by the host plant species (Piptatherum laterale). Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal ITS and LSU nucleotide sequences confirmed the novelty of Urocystis piptatheri. A key for the identification of Urocystis species on Pipthatherum spp. is provided.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 2018

OBJECTIVE To compare the mean change of tooth movement in canine retraction between elastic modul... more OBJECTIVE To compare the mean change of tooth movement in canine retraction between elastic module and Ni Ti coil spring. STUDY DESIGN Comparative study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Orthodontics Department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, from May 2015 to January 2016. METHODOLOGY Thirty-two patients were inducted. After alignment and extraction of maxillary first premolars, canine retraction was started with closed Ni Ti coil spring on one side of the maxillary arch and with active tie back on the other side. The distance between the lateral incisor and the canine was measured on both sides before starting canine retraction. The same measurements were recorded after four weeks of retraction. The difference between pre and post retraction measurements was recorded. The difference in the rate of canine retraction between both modalities was compared using independent sample t-test. RESULTS The study included 56% females and 43% males. The mean rate of tooth movement in Ni Ti coil group and in the elastomeric module group was 1.1 mm and 0.7 mm in one month, respectively (p=0.05). CONCLUSION The rate of tooth movement is more rapid with Ni Ti coil spring than with the elastomeric module.

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 2019

Several electrophysiological parameters, including the auditory evoked response component M50/M10... more Several electrophysiological parameters, including the auditory evoked response component M50/M100 latencies and the phase synchrony of transient and steadystate gamma-band oscillations have been implicated as atypical (to various extents) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Furthermore, some hypotheses suggest that an underlying neurobiological mechanism for these observations might be atypical local circuit function indexed by atypical levels of inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, escalating-dose, acute investigation conducted in 25 14-18 year-old adolescents with ASD. The study assessed the sensitivity of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and MEGAPRESS "GABA" magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to monitor dose-dependent acute effects, as well as seeking to define properties of the pre-drug "baseline" electrophysiological and GABA signatures that might predict responsiveness to the GABA-B agonist, arbaclofen (STX-209). Overall, GABA levels and gamma-band oscillatory activity showed no acute changes at either low (15 mg) or high (30 mg) dose. Evoked M50 response latency measures tended to shorten (normalize), but there was heterogeneity across the group in M50 latency response, with only a subset of participants (n = 6) showing significant M50 latency shortening, and only at the 15 mg dose. Findings thus suggest that MEG M50 latency measures show acute effects of arbaclofen administration in select individuals, perhaps reflecting effective target engagement. Whether these subjects have a greater trend towards clinical benefit remains to be established. Finally, findings also provide preliminary support for the use of objective electrophysiological measures upon which to base inclusion for optimal enrichment of populations to be included in full-scale clinical trials of arbaclofen.

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019

Thomsen disease is a rare genetic disorder which affects the cell membrane of skeletal muscles ca... more Thomsen disease is a rare genetic disorder which affects the cell membrane of skeletal muscles causing hyper excitability and periods of prolonged muscle contraction. This prolonged muscle contractions can be aggravated during pregnancy and can interfere with normal labour and delivery. In this case report, we describe the case of a gravid patient in her first pregnancy with Thomsen disease and how to minimise the risk. Also, we illustrate the importance of involving multidisciplinary team in the management of such case to achieve the best fetomaternal outcome.

Journal of Patient Care, 2015