Ayu Okvitawanli - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ayu Okvitawanli
The question of underlying (motivational) sources of decisions has largely been neglected within ... more The question of underlying (motivational) sources of decisions has largely been neglected within both psychology and economics. This dissertation aims to understand the ‘what’ of decision making by connecting two fields of research that have up to now been studied independently and in isolation: Intuitive/Deliberative Decisions and Dual-Motive Theory. The dual-motive theory proposes two kinds of underlying motivational sources: Implicit and Explicit Motives. While implicit motives are non-declarative, affective-based and partially an innate-system, explicit motives are declarative, cognitively elaborate and a socially-influenced system. This dissertation proposes that intuitive decisions are driven by implicit motives while deliberative decisions are driven by explicit motives. These two hypotheses were tested empirically across five experiments. Throughout the experiments, intuitive and deliberative decision modes were induced via instructions. Decisions were in the form of scenari...
Journal of Happiness Studies
Numerous studies document that societal happiness is correlated with individualism, but the natur... more Numerous studies document that societal happiness is correlated with individualism, but the nature of this phenomenon remains understudied. In the current paper, we address this gap and test the reasoning that individualism correlates with societal happiness because the most common measure of societal happiness (i.e., country-level aggregates of personal life satisfaction) is individualism-themed. With the data collected from 13,009 participants across fifty countries, we compare associations of four types of happiness (out of which three are more collectivism-themed than personal life satisfaction) with two different measures of individualism. We replicated previous findings by demonstrating that societal happiness measured as country-level aggregate of personal life satisfaction is correlated with individualism. Importantly though, we also found that the country-level aggregates of the collectivism-themed measures of happiness do not tend to be significantly correlated with indivi...
Psychological Research on Urban Society
Child development is effected by the physical and socio-cultural environment, directly and via th... more Child development is effected by the physical and socio-cultural environment, directly and via the role of parents. This paper examines the characteristic of urban as compared to rural areas and their implications for the parenting practices. Challenges of parenting such as scarcity of time, failure in imparting moral values, imbalanced life, and lack of emotional bonding are discussed. The case of Jakarta as a megacity is chosen to illustrate the challenges. The paper also presents few example solutions from developed countries.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
We consider in this paper whether the gender mix at the level of decisionmakers in firms can infl... more We consider in this paper whether the gender mix at the level of decisionmakers in firms can influence gender representation at the employee level. We run a laboratory experiment whereby we present a pair of independent employers with applications from two potential employees. We consider whether the gender of the other employer will influence an employer's hiring decision. We find that the gender mix among employers plays a role in the individual hiring decisions of female members. Female employers when paired with a male employer are more likely to choose a female applicant over an equally competent male applicant. Results of an Implicit Association Test (IAT) and answers to a post-experimental questionnaire show that explicit beliefs about relative gender performance are significantly associated with the observed hiring bias, while implicit attitudes do not appear to play a role.
The question of underlying (motivational) sources of decisions has largely been neglected within ... more The question of underlying (motivational) sources of decisions has largely been neglected within both psychology and economics. This dissertation aims to understand the ‘what’ of decision making by connecting two fields of research that have up to now been studied independently and in isolation: Intuitive/Deliberative Decisions and Dual-Motive Theory. The dual-motive theory proposes two kinds of underlying motivational sources: Implicit and Explicit Motives. While implicit motives are non-declarative, affective-based and partially an innate-system, explicit motives are declarative, cognitively elaborate and a socially-influenced system. This dissertation proposes that intuitive decisions are driven by implicit motives while deliberative decisions are driven by explicit motives. These two hypotheses were tested empirically across five experiments. Throughout the experiments, intuitive and deliberative decision modes were induced via instructions. Decisions were in the form of scenari...
Journal of Happiness Studies
Numerous studies document that societal happiness is correlated with individualism, but the natur... more Numerous studies document that societal happiness is correlated with individualism, but the nature of this phenomenon remains understudied. In the current paper, we address this gap and test the reasoning that individualism correlates with societal happiness because the most common measure of societal happiness (i.e., country-level aggregates of personal life satisfaction) is individualism-themed. With the data collected from 13,009 participants across fifty countries, we compare associations of four types of happiness (out of which three are more collectivism-themed than personal life satisfaction) with two different measures of individualism. We replicated previous findings by demonstrating that societal happiness measured as country-level aggregate of personal life satisfaction is correlated with individualism. Importantly though, we also found that the country-level aggregates of the collectivism-themed measures of happiness do not tend to be significantly correlated with indivi...
Psychological Research on Urban Society
Child development is effected by the physical and socio-cultural environment, directly and via th... more Child development is effected by the physical and socio-cultural environment, directly and via the role of parents. This paper examines the characteristic of urban as compared to rural areas and their implications for the parenting practices. Challenges of parenting such as scarcity of time, failure in imparting moral values, imbalanced life, and lack of emotional bonding are discussed. The case of Jakarta as a megacity is chosen to illustrate the challenges. The paper also presents few example solutions from developed countries.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
We consider in this paper whether the gender mix at the level of decisionmakers in firms can infl... more We consider in this paper whether the gender mix at the level of decisionmakers in firms can influence gender representation at the employee level. We run a laboratory experiment whereby we present a pair of independent employers with applications from two potential employees. We consider whether the gender of the other employer will influence an employer's hiring decision. We find that the gender mix among employers plays a role in the individual hiring decisions of female members. Female employers when paired with a male employer are more likely to choose a female applicant over an equally competent male applicant. Results of an Implicit Association Test (IAT) and answers to a post-experimental questionnaire show that explicit beliefs about relative gender performance are significantly associated with the observed hiring bias, while implicit attitudes do not appear to play a role.