Ayub Mohammed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ayub Mohammed

PLOS ONE

Background Spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine has side effects such as hypotension, respiratory d... more Background Spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine has side effects such as hypotension, respiratory depression, vomiting, and shivering. The side effects are dose-dependent, therefore different approaches have been attempted to avoid spinal-induced complications including lowering the dose of local anesthetic and mixing it with additives like Neuraxial opioids. Objective To compare the Hemodynamic and analgesic effects of intrathecal fentanyl as an adjuvant with low and conventional doses of bupivacaine in patients undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Methodology An institutional-based prospective cohort study was conducted on 90 patients. Data was collected with chart review, intraoperative observation, and postoperatively patient interview. Data was entered into EPI INFO and transport to SPSS version 23 for analysis of variables using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis H rank test, and chi-square. Result Hypotension but not bradycardia, was significantly frequent i...

International Journal of Surgery Open

Frontiers in Medicine, 2022

Background Cesarean section (CS) has been one of the most frequently performed major surgical int... more Background Cesarean section (CS) has been one of the most frequently performed major surgical interventions and causes severe postoperative pain. Spinal opioid and abdominal field block have been investigated as effective analgesia for postoperative pain and reduce the need for systemic medications and associated side effects. The aim of the current study is to compare spinal morphine (SM) and bilateral landmark oriented transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for postoperative pain management. Method In this randomized controlled trial, 114 pregnant mothers scheduled for CS under spinal anesthesia were allocated randomly to receive either SM 0.1 mg (group SM; n = 56) or bilateral landmark-oriented TAP block with 20 ml of 0.25% of bupivacaine (group TAP; n = 52). A comparison of numerical variables between study groups was done using unpaired student t-test and Mann–Whitney test for symmetric and asymmetric data, respectively. Time to event variable was analyzed by using Kaplan–Meir...

Annals of Medicine & Surgery, 2021

Introduction Anxiety is a feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, fear, discomfort, and hi... more Introduction Anxiety is a feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, fear, discomfort, and high autonomic activity with varying degrees of intensity resulting from anticipation of danger. Post-operative pain is associated with the emotional status, behavioural response, and high anxiety index of patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of preoperative anxiety on Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery. Methods An institutional-based prospective cohort study was conducted on patients scheduled for elective surgeries from November 1, 2019, to October 30, 2020, in Dilla University Referral Hospital. Data was collected by pretested questionnaires and analysed by SPSS version 20. Categorical data were analysed by chi-square while Continuous data were analysed by student t-test and Mann Whitney U for parametric and nonparametric data respectively with a P-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result As our finding revealed patients with high preoperative anxiety experienced significantly increased postoperative pain at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, and 12 h with the P-value of 0.012, 0.01, 0.001, and 0.002 respectively and total tramadol consumption in a patient with high preoperative anxiety level is 156.5 ± 23.4 while in low anxiety 147.1 ± 39. with a p-value of 0.036. Conclusion High preoperative anxiety increased the immediate postoperative pain score and 24 h tramadol consumption. It would be better to decrease preoperative anxiety levels to reduce postoperative pain and 24 h analgesic consumption.

International Journal of Surgery Open, 2021

Abstract Background Spinal anesthesia is the most common techniques of regional anesthesia for ce... more Abstract Background Spinal anesthesia is the most common techniques of regional anesthesia for cesarean section. However, hypotension is the most common complication associated with nausea and vomiting, altered mental status and risk of aspiration. Bradycardia is also a common feature of profound circulatory collapse under neuraxial anesthesia. After verification that, serotonin can induce BJR reflex and can causes bradycardia or hypotension, researchers started to evaluate the effect of ondansetron to decrease BJR reflex in human being. Objectives To assess the effect of prophylactic ondansetron for prevention of spinal induced hypotension and bradycardia in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery from June 1, 2020 to January 30, 2021. Method ology: A double blinded randomized control trial conducted in Dilla university referral hospital by recruiting 70 patients with systematic random sampling technique. Patients were randomized into ondansetron group (n = 35) and control group (n = 35). Mann Whitney U test was used for continuous non-normally distributed data and independent sample t-test for normally distributed data. Mixed ANOVA was used to analysis the interaction of the within and between factors. Categorical variable between the groups were analyzed using fisher exact and chi square test. p -value Result There were no significant differences in the incidence of hypotension between ondansetron (20(57) and saline group (21(60%)). There were no significant difference in incidence of bradycardia among the two groups p > 0.05. Perioperative Phenylephrine consumption was 36.43 ± 45.91 mcg and 32.14 ± 46.79 mcg in ondansetron and saline group respectively with P = 0.700. The incidence of shivering was lower in ondansetron group (11%) than saline group (45%) with (p = 0.04) and the perioperative rescue shivering requirement was higher in saline group (p = 0.00). Conclusion and Recommendations: Prophylaxis administration of intravenous Ondansetron at a dose of 10 mg before spinal anesthesia was not effective in reducing the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia in pregnant women undergoing cesarean section.

Anesthesiology, 2002

Introduction: Patients after major gynecologic surgeries experience moderate to severe pain, whic... more Introduction: Patients after major gynecologic surgeries experience moderate to severe pain, which needs pharmacological intervention. Different regional blocks are now a days introducing as components of multimodal analgesia for pain management. Even though transversus abdominis plane block and paravertebral block were described for postoperative analgesia in abdominal surgeries, data comparing these blocks for gynecologic surgery is limited. Objectives: The aim of this single blind randomized controlled trail was to compare thoracic paravertebral block and transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia in patients underwent gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia. Methodology: Thirty four patients with American society of anesthesiologists physical status I and II, age between 18 and 65 years underwent gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated in thoracic paravertebral group or transversus abdominis plane block group. Patients' pain intensity with numerical rating score, time to first analgesic time and total rescue analgesic/tramadol consumption were documented by data collectors who were unaware of the block done for the patents during the first 24 ours postoperatively. Results: Time to first analgesic request was lower in thoracic paravertebral group than transversus abdominis plane group but not statistically significant (p ¼ 0.057). Median numerical rating scale score was significantly lower in thoracic paravertebral group than transversus abdominis plane group at post anesthesia care unit admission (p ¼ 0.016). Time taken to perform the block was significantly higher in thoracic paravertebral group than transversus abdominis plane group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both thoracic paravertebral block and transversus abdominis plane block were effective for postoperative analgesia in women underwent gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia. Although thoracic paravertebral block appeared to be as effective as transversus abdominis plane block, it took longer time to perform the block.

International Journal of Surgery Open, 2020

Background: Caudal block (CB) is a common regional technique in pediatric patients. It involves t... more Background: Caudal block (CB) is a common regional technique in pediatric patients. It involves the introduction of local anesthetic into the caudal epidural space. Ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block is also the most common abdominal wall blocks provide effective analgesia for surgical procedures of inguinal area. Objectives: To compare the analgesic effect of caudal and ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blockade using bupivacaine for children under going inguinal surgeries at Menellik II hospital. Methodology: An institutional based prospective cohort study was conducted on 70 patients who under gone inguinal surgeries under general anesthesia. Patients in CB group (n ¼ 35) received caudal block and IL/IH group (n ¼ 35) received ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block after induction of anesthesia based on the independent decision of anesthetist. Study participants were selected by Systematic random sampling technique. P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result: This study found that caudal block has prolonged postoperative analgesia with a mean duration of 301.5 ± 73.5 min compared to 242.4 ± 66.4 min in Ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric group (p ¼ 0.001). Total analgesic consumption and pain severity was comparable between the groups (p > 0.05) which is not statistically significant. Conclusion and recommendation: we found that caudal epidural had prolonged duration of analgesia as compared to Ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block. Based on our finding we recommend the use of caudal block as effective post-operative analgesia for inguinal surgeries in pediatrics.

PLOS ONE

Background Spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine has side effects such as hypotension, respiratory d... more Background Spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine has side effects such as hypotension, respiratory depression, vomiting, and shivering. The side effects are dose-dependent, therefore different approaches have been attempted to avoid spinal-induced complications including lowering the dose of local anesthetic and mixing it with additives like Neuraxial opioids. Objective To compare the Hemodynamic and analgesic effects of intrathecal fentanyl as an adjuvant with low and conventional doses of bupivacaine in patients undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Methodology An institutional-based prospective cohort study was conducted on 90 patients. Data was collected with chart review, intraoperative observation, and postoperatively patient interview. Data was entered into EPI INFO and transport to SPSS version 23 for analysis of variables using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis H rank test, and chi-square. Result Hypotension but not bradycardia, was significantly frequent i...

International Journal of Surgery Open

Frontiers in Medicine, 2022

Background Cesarean section (CS) has been one of the most frequently performed major surgical int... more Background Cesarean section (CS) has been one of the most frequently performed major surgical interventions and causes severe postoperative pain. Spinal opioid and abdominal field block have been investigated as effective analgesia for postoperative pain and reduce the need for systemic medications and associated side effects. The aim of the current study is to compare spinal morphine (SM) and bilateral landmark oriented transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for postoperative pain management. Method In this randomized controlled trial, 114 pregnant mothers scheduled for CS under spinal anesthesia were allocated randomly to receive either SM 0.1 mg (group SM; n = 56) or bilateral landmark-oriented TAP block with 20 ml of 0.25% of bupivacaine (group TAP; n = 52). A comparison of numerical variables between study groups was done using unpaired student t-test and Mann–Whitney test for symmetric and asymmetric data, respectively. Time to event variable was analyzed by using Kaplan–Meir...

Annals of Medicine & Surgery, 2021

Introduction Anxiety is a feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, fear, discomfort, and hi... more Introduction Anxiety is a feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, fear, discomfort, and high autonomic activity with varying degrees of intensity resulting from anticipation of danger. Post-operative pain is associated with the emotional status, behavioural response, and high anxiety index of patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of preoperative anxiety on Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery. Methods An institutional-based prospective cohort study was conducted on patients scheduled for elective surgeries from November 1, 2019, to October 30, 2020, in Dilla University Referral Hospital. Data was collected by pretested questionnaires and analysed by SPSS version 20. Categorical data were analysed by chi-square while Continuous data were analysed by student t-test and Mann Whitney U for parametric and nonparametric data respectively with a P-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result As our finding revealed patients with high preoperative anxiety experienced significantly increased postoperative pain at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, and 12 h with the P-value of 0.012, 0.01, 0.001, and 0.002 respectively and total tramadol consumption in a patient with high preoperative anxiety level is 156.5 ± 23.4 while in low anxiety 147.1 ± 39. with a p-value of 0.036. Conclusion High preoperative anxiety increased the immediate postoperative pain score and 24 h tramadol consumption. It would be better to decrease preoperative anxiety levels to reduce postoperative pain and 24 h analgesic consumption.

International Journal of Surgery Open, 2021

Abstract Background Spinal anesthesia is the most common techniques of regional anesthesia for ce... more Abstract Background Spinal anesthesia is the most common techniques of regional anesthesia for cesarean section. However, hypotension is the most common complication associated with nausea and vomiting, altered mental status and risk of aspiration. Bradycardia is also a common feature of profound circulatory collapse under neuraxial anesthesia. After verification that, serotonin can induce BJR reflex and can causes bradycardia or hypotension, researchers started to evaluate the effect of ondansetron to decrease BJR reflex in human being. Objectives To assess the effect of prophylactic ondansetron for prevention of spinal induced hypotension and bradycardia in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery from June 1, 2020 to January 30, 2021. Method ology: A double blinded randomized control trial conducted in Dilla university referral hospital by recruiting 70 patients with systematic random sampling technique. Patients were randomized into ondansetron group (n = 35) and control group (n = 35). Mann Whitney U test was used for continuous non-normally distributed data and independent sample t-test for normally distributed data. Mixed ANOVA was used to analysis the interaction of the within and between factors. Categorical variable between the groups were analyzed using fisher exact and chi square test. p -value Result There were no significant differences in the incidence of hypotension between ondansetron (20(57) and saline group (21(60%)). There were no significant difference in incidence of bradycardia among the two groups p > 0.05. Perioperative Phenylephrine consumption was 36.43 ± 45.91 mcg and 32.14 ± 46.79 mcg in ondansetron and saline group respectively with P = 0.700. The incidence of shivering was lower in ondansetron group (11%) than saline group (45%) with (p = 0.04) and the perioperative rescue shivering requirement was higher in saline group (p = 0.00). Conclusion and Recommendations: Prophylaxis administration of intravenous Ondansetron at a dose of 10 mg before spinal anesthesia was not effective in reducing the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia in pregnant women undergoing cesarean section.

Anesthesiology, 2002

Introduction: Patients after major gynecologic surgeries experience moderate to severe pain, whic... more Introduction: Patients after major gynecologic surgeries experience moderate to severe pain, which needs pharmacological intervention. Different regional blocks are now a days introducing as components of multimodal analgesia for pain management. Even though transversus abdominis plane block and paravertebral block were described for postoperative analgesia in abdominal surgeries, data comparing these blocks for gynecologic surgery is limited. Objectives: The aim of this single blind randomized controlled trail was to compare thoracic paravertebral block and transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia in patients underwent gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia. Methodology: Thirty four patients with American society of anesthesiologists physical status I and II, age between 18 and 65 years underwent gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated in thoracic paravertebral group or transversus abdominis plane block group. Patients' pain intensity with numerical rating score, time to first analgesic time and total rescue analgesic/tramadol consumption were documented by data collectors who were unaware of the block done for the patents during the first 24 ours postoperatively. Results: Time to first analgesic request was lower in thoracic paravertebral group than transversus abdominis plane group but not statistically significant (p ¼ 0.057). Median numerical rating scale score was significantly lower in thoracic paravertebral group than transversus abdominis plane group at post anesthesia care unit admission (p ¼ 0.016). Time taken to perform the block was significantly higher in thoracic paravertebral group than transversus abdominis plane group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both thoracic paravertebral block and transversus abdominis plane block were effective for postoperative analgesia in women underwent gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia. Although thoracic paravertebral block appeared to be as effective as transversus abdominis plane block, it took longer time to perform the block.

International Journal of Surgery Open, 2020

Background: Caudal block (CB) is a common regional technique in pediatric patients. It involves t... more Background: Caudal block (CB) is a common regional technique in pediatric patients. It involves the introduction of local anesthetic into the caudal epidural space. Ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block is also the most common abdominal wall blocks provide effective analgesia for surgical procedures of inguinal area. Objectives: To compare the analgesic effect of caudal and ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blockade using bupivacaine for children under going inguinal surgeries at Menellik II hospital. Methodology: An institutional based prospective cohort study was conducted on 70 patients who under gone inguinal surgeries under general anesthesia. Patients in CB group (n ¼ 35) received caudal block and IL/IH group (n ¼ 35) received ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block after induction of anesthesia based on the independent decision of anesthetist. Study participants were selected by Systematic random sampling technique. P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result: This study found that caudal block has prolonged postoperative analgesia with a mean duration of 301.5 ± 73.5 min compared to 242.4 ± 66.4 min in Ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric group (p ¼ 0.001). Total analgesic consumption and pain severity was comparable between the groups (p > 0.05) which is not statistically significant. Conclusion and recommendation: we found that caudal epidural had prolonged duration of analgesia as compared to Ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block. Based on our finding we recommend the use of caudal block as effective post-operative analgesia for inguinal surgeries in pediatrics.