Azhar Mubarik - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Azhar Mubarik

PubMed, Aug 1, 2004

Objective: To see the morphological changes in liver in transfusion dependent Thalassaemia major ... more Objective: To see the morphological changes in liver in transfusion dependent Thalassaemia major children undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted at Pathology department of Army Medical College and Paediatric department of Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from Jul 2000 to Aug 2003. Liver biopsies were done in 40 thalassaemic major children and histological changes including Knodell Histological activity index (HAI); grade, stage and score along with degree of haemosiderosis were noted. Serum ALT levels, ferritin assays and screening for HBsAg and Anti- HCV antibody were also carried out in these cases. Results: Forty children 1.5-10.5 years of age (mean 6.1 years) with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1 were included in the study. According to Knodell HAI scoring, 24 (60%) cases had Knodell HAI score between 13/22 to 18/22 and 18 patients (45%) in grade 9-12/18. Six children had fully developed cirrhotic changes whereas 22 and 12 patients showed stage 3 and 1 respectively. Twenty eight (70%) patients had grade 3-4 haemosiderosis. HBsAg was positive in 6 and anti- HCV antibody in 14 patients. Serum ferritin and ALT levels were markedly raised in most of the patients. Conclusion: Seventy percent patients had moderate to severe haemosiderosis and high Knodell HAI score was found in children with severe haemosiderosis, raised ALT and Ferritin levels and with positive serology for HBsAg and anti- HCV antibody. Liver biopsy is useful in thalassaemic children to assess the stage of liver disease and selection of suitable cases for bone marrow transplantation (BMT).

PubMed, 2009

Objective: The aim of present study was to assess the status of estrogen and progesterone recepto... more Objective: The aim of present study was to assess the status of estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER2/neu, p53 and ki-67 in male breast carcinomas in our institute. Study design: A descriptive study, carried out in the Department of Pathology (Histopathology), Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from June 2008 to January 2009. Subjects and methods: In this study 45 cases of male breast carcinoma, including all the histological subtypes were assessed with original pathology reports of each case investigated for the age, laterality of breast, histological type of tumour and tumour grade. Tumour blocks of each case were retrieved for immunohistochemical staining of estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2/neu, ki-67 and p53 scoring was accomplished using established protocols. Results: The majority of the cases were above 65 years of age. Histologically, the invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant lesion. In total 95.5% of the cases were estrogen and progesterone (ER and PR) receptor positive. The HER2/neu staining was positive in 84.4% cases. According to the percentage of nuclear staining, 77.7% of the cases were p53 positive and 35.6% of the cases had strong nuclear staining intensity. A total of 55.5% of the tumours showed proliferation by ki-67. Conclusion: The majority of male breast carcinomas in Pakistan are ER and PR positive and demonstrate immunoreactions for prognostic markers. The results point to a relatively aggressive nature of such lesions in our institute.

PubMed, Mar 1, 1992

The antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) were tested in 45 histologically confirmed cases of chr... more The antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) were tested in 45 histologically confirmed cases of chronic liver disease. Twelve cases had chronic hepatitis, 24 cirrhosis and 9 hepatocellular carcinoma. Anti-HCV was detected in 6 patients. Two (16.67%) were suffering from chronic hepatitis, 3 (12.5%) had cirrhosis and one (11.11%) hepatocellular carcinoma. None of the anti-HCV positive cases had past history of blood transfusion. The patients of chronic liver disease in this study had a much higher prevalence of HBV infection which indicates that in northern Pakistan hepatitis C virus infection is not a common cause of chronic liver disease whereas HBV infection plays an aetiological role in a much larger number of these cases.

PubMed, Sep 1, 2004

Objective: To determine the correlation between degree of histological liver damage and serum HCV... more Objective: To determine the correlation between degree of histological liver damage and serum HCV RNA level in patients of chronic hepatitis C, in order to evaluate the usefulness of HCV RNA estimation as an alternate to liver biopsy. Methods: This non-interventional descriptive study, was carried out at the department of Pathology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan between April and September 2002. Core needle liver biopsies of fifty five patients of chronic hepatitis C were evaluated according to Knodell's histological activity index system. The patients were categorized into four subgroups depending upon the grade and stage of disease according to Desmet's classification, and into three groups according to degree of viremia. Results: Five patients had mild viremia, 43 moderate and 7 had severe viremia. Seven patients had minimal disease, 9 mild, 22 moderate and 17 had severe chronic hepatitis. Eight patients had no fibrosis, 20 had fibrous portal expansion, 19 bridging fibrosis, and 8 patients had cirrhosis. No significant correlation was found between serum HCV RNA levels and grade or stage of the disease, with correlation coefficients of rs = -.054 and rs = .034 respectively. Moreover, no individual component of the HAI correlated with serum HCV RNA levels. Conclusion: Serum HCV RNA level does not determine the degree of hepatic injury precisely and liver biopsy is necessary to accurately evaluate the extent of liver damage.

PubMed, Jun 23, 2009

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of bcl-2 gene rearrangement ... more Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of bcl-2 gene rearrangement in B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and identify different breakpoints of bcl-2 gene. Methods: Thirty cases of B-cell lymphoma (including 8 cases of follicular lymphoma, 19 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and 3 cases of T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma) were included in the study. Good quality of DNA was extracted in 4 cases from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue and in 26 cases from fine needle aspirate. The polymerase chain reaction was done for major break point region (mbr), minor cluster region (mcr) and intermediate cluster region (icr) of the bcl-2 gene. Results: The bcl-2 gene rearrangement was identified in 23.3% of B-cell lymphoma, 50% of follicular lymphoma, 15% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and no bcl-2 rearrangement was identified in any of the T-cell rich B-cell lymphomas. Further analysis showed the icr breakpoint in 16.7% of B-cell lymphoma, 37.5% of follicular lymphoma and 10.5% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Involvement of the mbr breakpoint was found in 6.7% of B-cell lymphoma, 12.5% of follicular lymphoma, and 5.3% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Involvement of the mcr breakpoint was not seen in any of the cases. Conclusion: The bcl-2 gene rearrangement is quite frequent in follicular lymphoma, followed by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The commonest breakpoint in present series is icr followed by mbr. This indicates that primers for bcl-2 gene must include icr primer, whenever the bcl-2 gene is being evaluated for B-cell NHL in this part of the world and this might reduce the variability of frequency of bcl-2 gene rearrangement within and between different regions.

Jcpsp-journal of The College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 2000

A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, PNS Shifa Naval Hospital, Kar... more A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, PNS Shifa Naval Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, to determine the ten most common malignant tumours during January 1995-December 1997. A total of 634 cases was analysed. The male:female ratio was ...

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 1985

Of 11 87 cases of refractory anaemias, 305 (25.6 9%) had thalassaemia and/or abnormal haemoglobin... more Of 11 87 cases of refractory anaemias, 305 (25.6 9%) had thalassaemia and/or abnormal haemoglobins. Eighty three percent of these had B-thalassaemia and 1 7% abnormal Hbs with or without Bthalassaemia. Seventy three percent cases with B-thalassaemia were homozygous and 27% heterozygous. Mean age in homozygous group was 2.9 years for males and 2.4 years for females. Frequency of abnormal Hbs was higher in northern areas. Hb-s alone or with B-thalassaernia was found in 47%, Hb-E in 12% and Hb-D trait in 10% of cases. Hb-D punjab was found mainly in pathans. (JPMA 35: 106, 1985).

PAFMJ, 2012

Objective: To study the histomorphological characteristics of human sublingual gland, specially o... more Objective: To study the histomorphological characteristics of human sublingual gland, specially of intercalated and striated ducts. Study design: Descriptive study Place and duration of study: Army Medical College from Jan 2002 to Dec 2002 Materials and methods: Fifteen sublingual glands (right and left) from postmortem cases were obtained from District Headquarter Hospital Rawalpindi, within twelve hours of death. Five micrometer thick sections were made and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Morphology of intercalated and striated ducts was studied and their number was counted. Results: The mean number of intercalated ducts in the right gland-a‖ and-b‖ parts, and in the left gland-a‖ and-b‖ parts was 1.45±0.14, 1.39±.009, 1.31±0.11 and 1.18±0.10 respectively. The mean diameter of intercalated ducts in the same parts was 19.76±0.44µm, 20.6±0.53µm, 20.34±0.49µm and 19.84±0.98µm respectively. The mean number of striated ducts in the right gland-a‖ and-b‖ parts, and in the left gland-a‖ and-b‖ parts was 0.55±.008, 0.57±.008, 0.80±0.14 and 0.80±0.14 while mean diameter of striated ducts in the right gland-a‖ and-b‖ parts, and in the left gland-a‖ and-b‖ parts was 49.90±4.70µm, 53.23±2.50µm, 61.68±3.93µm and 57.73±2.85µm respectively. Conclusion: The difference between the mean number and diameter of the ducts of right and left glands was statistically insignificant.

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2008

Objective: To assess the accuracy of references cited in manuscripts accepted for publication in ... more Objective: To assess the accuracy of references cited in manuscripts accepted for publication in an issue of a scientific journal and to categorize these errors.Design: An observational study.Place and duration: The study was conducted in the library of Army Medical College, Rawalpindi during September 2007.Materials and Methods: A total of 288 references listed in the references section of twenty manuscripts were examined. Journal references were compared with either the original articles or abstract obtained through MEDLINE and Pakmedinet. Book references were checked against the original book or bibliographical information obtained through Publisher’s catalogues and online catalogues of libraries. The total number of errors in the references were counted and categorized.Results: Seventy (24.3%) of the 288 assessed references had no errors, while a single error occurred in 51(17.7%) and more than six errors were found in 22(7.64%) references. The author element was the most freque...

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2013

Objective: To evaluate histopathological changes of gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits ... more Objective: To evaluate histopathological changes of gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits receiving the combination of ciprofloxacin and gentamicin compared with rabbits receiving gentamicin alone.Study Design: Laboratory based Randomized controlled trial.Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in the department of Histopathology with the collaboration of the department of Pharmacology, Army Medical College Rawalpindi and National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad.Material and Methods: Eighteen rabbits were used in this study. They were divided randomly into three groups. Each group contained six rabbits. Group 1 (control) was injected subcutaneously with 0.9% NaCl. The second group of animals was injected with gentamicin. The third group of animals was injected with the same dose of gentamicin and additionally ciprofloxacin. The findings were entered and analyzed with the help of histopathological (HP) score calculated by summing up the histolog...

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 1991

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2004

To determine the correlation between degree of histological liver damage and serum HCV RNA level ... more To determine the correlation between degree of histological liver damage and serum HCV RNA level in patients of chronic hepatitis C, in order to evaluate the usefulness of HCV RNA estimation as an alternate to liver biopsy. This non-interventional descriptive study, was carried out at the department of Pathology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan between April and September 2002. Core needle liver biopsies of fifty five patients of chronic hepatitis C were evaluated according to Knodell's histological activity index system. The patients were categorized into four subgroups depending upon the grade and stage of disease according to Desmet's classification, and into three groups according to degree of viremia. Five patients had mild viremia, 43 moderate and 7 had severe viremia. Seven patients had minimal disease, 9 mild, 22 moderate and 17 had severe chronic hepatitis. Eight patients had no fibrosis, 20 had fibrous portal expansion, 19 bridging fibrosis, and 8 patien...

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 1990

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2009

The aim of present study was to assess the status of estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER2/ne... more The aim of present study was to assess the status of estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER2/neu, p53 and ki-67 in male breast carcinomas in our institute. A descriptive study, carried out in the Department of Pathology (Histopathology), Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from June 2008 to January 2009. In this study 45 cases of male breast carcinoma, including all the histological subtypes were assessed with original pathology reports of each case investigated for the age, laterality of breast, histological type of tumour and tumour grade. Tumour blocks of each case were retrieved for immunohistochemical staining of estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2/neu, ki-67 and p53 scoring was accomplished using established protocols. The majority of the cases were above 65 years of age. Histologically, the invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant lesion. In total 95.5% of the cases were estrogen and progesterone (ER and PR) receptor positive. The HER2/neu staining was ...

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP

The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of bcl-2 gene rearrangement in B-cell N... more The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of bcl-2 gene rearrangement in B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and identify different breakpoints of bcl-2 gene. Thirty cases of B-cell lymphoma (including 8 cases of follicular lymphoma, 19 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and 3 cases of T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma) were included in the study. Good quality of DNA was extracted in 4 cases from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue and in 26 cases from fine needle aspirate. The polymerase chain reaction was done for major break point region (mbr), minor cluster region (mcr) and intermediate cluster region (icr) of the bcl-2 gene. The bcl-2 gene rearrangement was identified in 23.3% of B-cell lymphoma, 50% of follicular lymphoma, 15% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and no bcl-2 rearrangement was identified in any of the T-cell rich B-cell lymphomas. Further analysis showed the icr breakpoint in 16.7% of B-cell lymphoma, 37.5% of follicular lymphoma and 10.5% of...

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

Recent clinical and histopathologic data suggests that inflammation plays a key role in coronary ... more Recent clinical and histopathologic data suggests that inflammation plays a key role in coronary artery plaque instability and subsequent occlusive thrombosis. The intima has received much attention as a site of inflammation, while the adventitia has remained relatively unexplored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of inflammatory activity in the cap and shoulder region of unruptured, atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries and to correlate these findings with distribution of inflammatory cells in adventitia. The study was carried out in Histopathology Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi and National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), from August 2008 to July 2009. Sixty-seven autopsy cases performed at Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan were selected. The cases were divided into study group and control group. Case group (n = 35) included those where cause of death was ischemic heart disease. Those coronary arteries were taken a...

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 1992

Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer

... 1992 Sep-Oct;11(5-6):353. Epidemiological and morphological study of breast cancer in Pakista... more ... 1992 Sep-Oct;11(5-6):353. Epidemiological and morphological study of breast cancer in Pakistan. Malik IA, Mubarik A, Luqman M, Ullah K, Ahmad M, Alam SM, Mughal T. Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. PMID: 1464823 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. ...