Aziman Madun - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Aziman Madun

Research paper thumbnail of A Bench Model Design of Gravitational Aeration Tower System as Treatment System for Iron Removal in Groundwater

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Compaction Towards Resistivity Value

Journal of Sustainable Underground Exploration

Electrical resistivity tomography is a non-destructive method of site investigation that involves... more Electrical resistivity tomography is a non-destructive method of site investigation that involvesinjecting electricity into the sample and measuring subsurface resistance. This study looked at the effects of compaction on resistivity values as well as the relationship between different degrees of compaction. The material used in this experiment was laterite soil. The sample was tested into a standard proctor mould. The model has 10.20cm diameter and 11.6 cm for height of the mould. Each sample's resistivity was measured entirely compacted.The resistivity testing in this study were conducted using the Miller 400A. ASTM D 422 Standards were used, and for electrical resistivity testing, ASTM G57 is used. This research emphasises the impact of moisture content on resistivity value, as soil reduces resistivity value when the soil has higher moisture content which is 120 Ωm at 37%, and 190 Ωm at 25%. By comparing the results of different moisture content of soil samples under varied d...

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of particle size towards resistivity and chargeability for groundwater interpretation

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

The most reliable and common method of surveying the groundwater is the electrical resistivity to... more The most reliable and common method of surveying the groundwater is the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). ERT is a non-destructive method of groundwater surveying where the current is being injected into the ground and the value of the subsurface resistivity and chargeability are determined. Multiple factors may influence the results of the ERT, especially the mineralogy, soils, rocks and water content. In this study, the effects of particle size and moisture content are assessed towards the resistivity and chargeability value. The materials that are used to conduct the testing are obtained from quarry and river. The gravel size samples from quarry were varied from sample size retained at 37.5 mm, 28mm, 20mm, 11.2mm, 6.7mm, 5mm and 2.36mm. Meanwhile, the sand size samples from the river were varied from sample sieve size passing 2mm and retained at 1.18 mm, 0.85mm, 0.60mm, 0.43mm, 0.30mm, 0.20mm, 0.15mm and 0.063 mm sieve. The gravel and sand-sized particles were tested on a ...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of ground subsidence potential at problematic culvert on expressway: Case study using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

Journal of Applied Geoscience and Built Environment, Mar 7, 2019

Potential of ground subsidence assessment was carried out at problematic culvert on expressway. T... more Potential of ground subsidence assessment was carried out at problematic culvert on expressway. The assessment was conducted using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in cooperation with Preston GeoCEMSdn Bhd. This paper described both of the methods used in this study. The aim of this study to obtain subsurface strata profiling around 10 to 15-metre depth. In this case, the ERT Gradient protocol survey was conducted to achieve the subsurface profiling at 15-meter depth and GPR forward line survey at 10-meter depth subsurface profiling. Total eight (8) resistivity lines across the site with the length of 80 meters each were conducted to suit the site condition. Meanwhile, total ten (10) GPR lines were conducted at the same location. Indication of the soil/rock are in saturated condition was based on resistivity value GPR radargram.ERT and GPR results showed low resistivity values and low amplitude at the saturated zone which indicated ground subsidence on top of the culvert area. The problem occurs may due to the saturated material and low groundwater level at the area.

Research paper thumbnail of Issues and Challenges in Rainwater Harvesting for Potential Potable and Non-Potable Water Production

i TECH MAG

This article reviews recent literatures on issues and challenges in rainwater harvesting and its ... more This article reviews recent literatures on issues and challenges in rainwater harvesting and its potential application for potable and non-potable uses. Vast articles published between 1982 and 2019 were found, which some of them revealing concerns on various issues regarding the factors affecting the implementation of rainwater harvesting, in fulfilling the needs for rainwater as the alternative water resource. More research should be conducted in the future, in addressing the issues. While the practice of rainwater harvesting is back to track, the degree of its modern implementation varies greatly across the globe, and often relates with problems in maximizing the potential benefits and system efficacy. Future research should be more devoted to the understanding of technological and non-technological issues, as well as the factors effecting the quantity and quality of rainwater, to improve the rainwater harvesting system, therefore increase the system efficacy and community accept...

Research paper thumbnail of The Influence of Clay Minerals Towards Resistivity and Chargeability Value for Groundwater Interpretation

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Jun 13, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Monitoring data of electrokinetic stabilisation method for soft clay using EKG electrode

Electrokinetic Stabilisation (EKS) method has the potential to overcome problems on highly compre... more Electrokinetic Stabilisation (EKS) method has the potential to overcome problems on highly compressible clay. This study presents the monitoring results from an experimental study of EKS on soft clay soil. Inactive kaolinite clay, inert electrode and distilled water (DW) were used as a pure system mechanism before any chemical stabilisers will be used in this research. Therefore, this monitoring data will provide a baseline study to improve efficiency of the EKS approach for ground improvement application. The test model were used inert electrodes of Electrokinetic Geosythentic (EKG) developed at the Newcastle University to apply a constant voltage gradient of 50 V/m across a soil sample of 400 mm length. The distilled waters were used at the pore electrolyte fluid compartments and supplied under zero hydraulic gradient conditions for periods of 3, 7 and 14 days. Throughout, monitoring data of electric current for all treatments were measured. Results showed that the electric curren...

Research paper thumbnail of A review of acoustic FDTD simulation technique and its application to underground cavity detection

The feasibility of the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique for acoustic wave created a... more The feasibility of the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique for acoustic wave created an opportunity for underground cavity detection that poses strong potential for acoustic wave spectrum application. The numerous significant advance has been attained to date, and more technological challenge awaits the optimization of an acoustic system to fill the gap between expectations and practical performance. Despite this tremendous progress, challenging issues related to the FDTD technique for acoustic wave simulation within the underground cavity detection yet to conclude. This review presents the development of the numerical approach in the acoustic wave simulation to excite pulse from the source, with particular emphasis being placed on the recent progress, a portion of travelling waves interact with the underground cavity structure and the cavity properties measurement of the cavity through different approaches.

Research paper thumbnail of Study of Performance Aeration Rate Effects on Iron and Manganese Removal in Groundwater Using Gravitational Aeration Tower System (GATS)

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020

Groundwater is one of the significant sources for water supply for various purpose. However, it i... more Groundwater is one of the significant sources for water supply for various purpose. However, it is easier to get in contact with contaminants such as iron and manganese. Iron and manganese contaminant can be treated by aeration process before goto post-filtration system. The aeration process as pre-treatment has done it by using Gravitational Aeration Tower System (GATS). The aeration performance in this experiment has controlled the airflow and water flowrate to observers iron and manganese removal from groundwater than compare the water quality based on the guideline National Drinking Water Quality Standards by Ministry of Health Malaysia. The study has been carried out at the existing tube well in the Research Centre for Soft Soils (RECESS), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The system started from pumping out the groundwater from the tube well and flows it through GATS with a different flow rate of 5.0 L/min and 10.0 L/min, and an airflow rate 0.5 L/min and 1.5 L/min. ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Mechanical Weathering on the Durability Strength Index of Ayer Hitam Shale Under Various Weathering Grades and Conditions

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 2020

Shale is significantly weaker and less durable than other types of rock and is easy to break when... more Shale is significantly weaker and less durable than other types of rock and is easy to break when it is exposed to continuous wetting and drying activities. As a construction material, the durability strength index of weathered shale in Ayer Hitam, Johor, Malaysia is poorly investigated and not well understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mechanical weathering on the durability strength index of Ayer Hitam weathered shale under several different conditions. Three hundred sixty samples of weathered shale which are classified as weathering grade II to IV were tested within the fifth cycles of the slake durability test under three different conditions namely: Natural weathering, dry, and saturated sample. The results showed that the weathered shale with the highest moisture content of 27.78% and the lowest strength index with 1% after the fifth cycle at week 8 was the weathering grade IV under saturated condition. It was also found that the reduction in th...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison between Multiple Gradient and Pole Dipole Array Protocols for Groundwater Exploration in Quaternary Formation

Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2019

The demand for groundwater supply has been increasing in recent year. In the past, Electrical Res... more The demand for groundwater supply has been increasing in recent year. In the past, Electrical Resistivity Method has been one of the well-known non-destructive methods for groundwater surveying using various protocols to obtain the tomography of the soil subsurface. This study interpreted the difference of imaging results between two different protocols, the Pole-dipole array and the Multiple Gradient array using ABEM TERRAMETER LS 2 due to the complexity of geological setting. The geophysical survey shows the imaging result of the resistivity and induced polarization for the Pole-dipole array that differs from the imaging results from Multiple Gradient array because of the different path the electric current C2 passing through different soil types before reaching to the other side of the current electrode C1. The positioning of the remote cable was practically perpendicular to the alignment of the electrode spacing for Pole-dipole and parallel for Multiple Gradient array and this causes the data collected at both protocols to have different values because of the difference in composition of soil that the current has to go through. This study has verified the differences of resistivity and induced polarization imaging results by using a drilled tube well to identify the soil types.

Research paper thumbnail of Groundwater Exploration in Granitic Rock Formation Using Electrical Resistivity and Induced Polarization Techniques

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018

Introduction There are two (2) source of waters can be obtained in the earth, such as surface wat... more Introduction There are two (2) source of waters can be obtained in the earth, such as surface water and groundwater. In many urban areas, the most common source of water is surface water which provided by the water supply department of government or private sectors. There are certain situations happen lately when the surface water is not sufficient to supply for the locals especially during drought season and worst case scenario during floods due to water contamination. Therefore, source of groundwater is essential as a secondary source or alternative for local usage. Groundwater source exists beneath the subsurface in soil pore spaces and the fractures in rock formations [1]. It can be obtained for the use of the people for domestic or agricultural use [2]. The underground water contains and transmits in aquifer, which are characterized either unconfined aquifer or confined aquifer. The occurrence of this aquifer can be determined by electrical technique survey, one of the geophysical applications for underground survey [3,4,5]. The electrical survey is commonly adopted by using resistivity and induced polarization methods. By combining these two methods, subsurface can be modelled and the groundwater bearing can be detected. Electrical resistivity and induced polarization methods provide resistivity and chargeability values of the subsurface for entire survey line [6,7]. The principal of electrical resistivity technique is in term of how current is opposed to flow between two electrodes. Meanwhile induced polarization is measuring the time of the earth material can store the charges. This paper discusses the induced polarization characteristics between two distinct type rock formations and compare it with resistivity values for groundwater exploration at

Research paper thumbnail of Resistivity-Chemistry Integrated Approaches for Investigating Groundwater Salinity of Water Supply and Agricultural Activity at Island Coastal Area

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018

Groundwater suitability for water supply and agriculture in an island coastal area may easily be ... more Groundwater suitability for water supply and agriculture in an island coastal area may easily be influenced by seawater intrusion. The aim of this study was to investigate seawater intrusion to the suitability of the groundwater for water supply and oil palm cultivation on Carey Island in Malaysia. This is the first study that used integrated method of geo-electrical resistivity and hydrogeochemical methods to investigate seawater intrusion to the suitability of groundwater for water supply and oil palm cultivation at two different surface elevation and land cover. The relationship between earth resistivity, total dissolved solids and earth conductivity was derived with water type classifications and crop suitability classification according to salinity, used to identify water types and also oil palm tolerance to salinity. Results from the contour resistivity and conductivity maps showed that the area facing severe coastal erosion (east area) exhibited unsuitable groundwater condition for water supply and oil palm at the unconfined aquifer thickness of 7.8 m and 14.1 m, respectively. Comparing to the area that are still intact with mangrove (west area), at the same depth, groundwater condition exhibits suitable usage for both socioeconomic activities. Different characteristics of surface elevation and land cover are paramount factors influencing saltwater distribution at the west and east area. By the end of the twenty-first century there will no longer be suitable water for supply and oil palm plantation based on the local sea-level rise prediction and Ghyben-Herzberg assumption (sharp interface), focusing on the severe erosion area of the study site.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of Infiltration-Suction Response in Unsaturated Residual Soil Slope in Gelugor, Penang

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018

Rainfall infiltration on residual soil slope may impair slope stability by altering the pore-wate... more Rainfall infiltration on residual soil slope may impair slope stability by altering the pore-water pressure in the soil. A study has been carried out on unsaturated residual soil slope in Gelugor, Penang to determine the changes in matric suction of residual soils at different depth due to rainwater infiltration. The sequence of this study includes the site investigation, field instrumentation, laboratory experiment and numerical modeling. Void ratio and porosity of soil were found to be decreasing with depth while the bulk density and dry density of soil increased due to lower porosity of soil at greater depth. Soil infiltration rate and matric suction of all depths decrease with the increase of volumetric water content as well as the degree of saturation. Numerical modeling was used to verify and predict the relationship between infiltration-suction response and degree of saturation. Numerical models can be used to integrate the rainfall scenarios into quantitative landslide hazard assessments. Thus, development plans and mitigation measures can be designed for estimated impacts from hazard assessments based on collected data.

Research paper thumbnail of Peat Stabilization by Using Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as a Partial Cement Replacement Materials

International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 2019

Malaysia covers about 2.6 million hectares of tropical peat deposits as shown in Fig. 1, where th... more Malaysia covers about 2.6 million hectares of tropical peat deposits as shown in Fig. 1, where the accumulation and formation are favorable compared to the other tropics [1]. In term of country land area, Malaysia was ranked 10th in the world with 8% [2]. Among these land, 6,300 hectares are found in Muar, Batu Pahat and Pontian in West Johor. Peat in the district of Pontian, have been developed to agricultural for oil palm, pineapple and other food crops [3]. Geotechnically, peat are classified as highly organic soil that having more than 75 % of organic content which represent a problematic and poor quality of soil due to limited compressibility index [4]. Peat classification is important as they are weaker than inorganic soil that subsequently lead to instability and long term settlement when subjected to load [5]. Sugarcane industries contribute to 1.9 billion tons of by-products where one metric ton of sugarcane creates 280kg bagasse [6]. The utilization of sugarcane bagasse that were mainly utilized as to fuel sugar mill leave the bagasse ash as Abstract: Malaysia are covered approximately 2.6 million hectare of peat and facing serious geotechnical problems to develop infrastructure on peatland area. This study is to observe the basic geotechnical properties, strength and compressibility behavior of Pontian peat that stabilized by cement (OPC) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA). The whole laboratory test standards and regulation that had been used in this study was adopted from American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and British standards (BS). In order to understand an improvement of peat stabilization, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and 1D-Oedometer consolidation test were conducted on untreated and stabilized peat. The results show that Pontian peat can be considered as hemic peat with average acidic. It was observed that the treated peat with 5% of SCBA (PCB5) has the highest UCS of 190 kPa and was discovered to be equivalent to PC specimen. There was a noteworthy decrease of void ratio, e for optimum PCB and PC mixtures as compared to untreated peat. The value of Cc and Cα was quite low at small effective stresses, however it improved after beyond preconsolidation pressure, σ'c. Compared to untreated Pontian peat which contributed the ratio of Cα/Cc about 0.056, stabilized peat for PC and PCB5 gave better ratio with 0.0316 and 0.0273 respectively. Results shows that the treated peat Cα/Cc ratios were drop dramatically from untreated peat which is representing the stabilized mixture can efficiently reduce the secondary compression.

Research paper thumbnail of Shallow Reflection Method for Water-Filled Void Detection and Characterization

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018

Shallow investigation is crucial in enhancing the characteristics of subsurface void commonly enc... more Shallow investigation is crucial in enhancing the characteristics of subsurface void commonly encountered in civil engineering, and one such technique commonly used is seismicreflection technique. An assessment of the effectiveness of such an approach is critical to determine whether the quality of the works meets the prescribed requirements. Conventional quality testing suffers limitations including: limited coverage (both area and depth) and problems with resolution quality. Traditionally quality assurance measurements use laboratory and in-situ invasive and destructive tests. However geophysical approaches, which are typically noninvasive and non-destructive, offer a method by which improvement of detection can be measured in a cost-effective way. Of this seismic reflection have proved useful to assess void characteristic, this paper evaluates the application of shallow seismic-reflection method in characterizing the water-filled void properties at 0.34 m depth, specifically for detection and characterization of void measurement using 2-dimensional tomography.

Research paper thumbnail of Natural Frequencies Evaluation on Partially Damaged Building using Ambient Vibration Technique

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018

Severe damages observed on the school blocks, roads, retaining walls and drainage within the comp... more Severe damages observed on the school blocks, roads, retaining walls and drainage within the compound of SMK Kundasang Sabah possibly due to the ground movements triggered by the Ranau earthquake in 1991. Ambient vibration measurements were carried on the remaining demolished 3-storey building which partially damaged in order to measure the predominant building frequencies using tri-axial 1 Hz seismometer sensors. Popular methods of Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) and Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS) were used to compute the ambient vibration wave fields of each building axes (Transverse or North-South (NS), Longitudinal or East-West (EW) and vertical) into Fourier spectra. Two main modes of translation and torsion were observed from the peaks frequencies obtained at 2.99 to 3.10 Hz (1st mode), 4.85 Hz (2nd mode) and 5.63 to 5.85 Hz (3rd mode). The building experiencing translation modes of bending and shear in the NS and EW directions. It could be seen when the amplitudes tends to increase when the floor are increased. Meanwhile, the torsional bending mode is expected to occur when the deformation amplitudes are found to be increasing horizontally, when moving into partially structural damaged section located on the East wing of building.

Research paper thumbnail of Geological Prediction Ahead of Tunnel Face in the Limestone Formation Tunnel using Multi-Modal Geophysical Surveys

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018

Tunnel construction in typical karst topography face the risk which unknown geological condition ... more Tunnel construction in typical karst topography face the risk which unknown geological condition such as abundant rainwater, ground water and cavities. Construction of tunnel in karst limestone frequently lead to potentially over-break of rock formation and cause failure to affected area. Physical character of limestone which consists large cavity prone to sudden failure and become worsen due to misinterpretation of rock quality by engineer and geologists during analysis stage and improper method adopted in construction stage. Consideration for execution of laboratory and field testing in rock limestone should be well planned and arranged in tunnel construction project. Several tests including Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) and geological face mapping were studied in this research to investigate the performances of limestone rock in tunnel construction, measured in term of rock mass quality that used for risk assessment. The objective of this study is to focus on the prediction of geological condition ahead of tunnel face using short range method (GPR) and verified by geological face mapping method to determine the consistency of actual geological condition on site. Q-Value as the main indicator for rock mass classification was obtained from geological face mapping method. The scope of this study is covering for tunnelling construction along 756 meters in karst limestone area which located at Timah Tasoh Tunnel, Bukit Tebing Tinggi, Perlis. For this case study, 15% of GPR results was identified as inaccurate for rock mass classification in which certain chainage along this tunnel with 34 out of 224 data from GPR was identified as incompatible with actual face mapping.

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of Groundwater Level at Slope Areas using Electrical Resistivity Method

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018

Groundwater level plays an important role as an agent that triggers landslides. Commonly, the con... more Groundwater level plays an important role as an agent that triggers landslides. Commonly, the conventional method used to monitor the groundwater level is done by using standpipe piezometer. There were several disadvantages of the conventional method related to cost, time and data coverage. The aim of this study is to determine groundwater level at slope areas using electrical resistivity method and to verify groundwater level of the study area with standpipe piezometer data. The data acquisition was performed using ABEM Terrameter SAS4000. For data analysis and processing, RES2DINV and SURFER were used. The groundwater level was calibrated with reference of standpipe piezometer based on electrical resistivity value (ERV).

Research paper thumbnail of Abstract: Influence of Discontinuity Sets on Slope Failures at Pos Selim Highway, Malaysia

The types of discontinuity of studied slopes are joints and foliations. The discontinuity sets in... more The types of discontinuity of studied slopes are joints and foliations. The discontinuity sets in all the locations have maximum pole intensity of more than 8%. Several sets of discontinuities are recorded at each location. The stereographic plot of the discontinuities set revealed that most of the rock slopes have the potential to fail in the mode of wedge, planar and toppling, as well as the combination of more than one mode of failure. Potential wedge failure is found at seven locations, potential planar failure at five locations and potential toppling at four locations. Abstrak: Jenis set-set ketakselanjaran di cerun yang dikaji adalah terdiri daripada kekar dan foliasi. Pada semua cerun didapati ketumpatan maksima kutub melebihi 8%. Terdapat beberapa set ketakselanjaran untuk setiap cerun. Pemplotan stereografi terhadap set-set ketakselanjaran mendapati cerun batuan mempunyai potensi kegagalan beragam baji, satah, terbalikan atau gabungan lebih daripada satu ragam kegagalan. Po...

Research paper thumbnail of A Bench Model Design of Gravitational Aeration Tower System as Treatment System for Iron Removal in Groundwater

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Compaction Towards Resistivity Value

Journal of Sustainable Underground Exploration

Electrical resistivity tomography is a non-destructive method of site investigation that involves... more Electrical resistivity tomography is a non-destructive method of site investigation that involvesinjecting electricity into the sample and measuring subsurface resistance. This study looked at the effects of compaction on resistivity values as well as the relationship between different degrees of compaction. The material used in this experiment was laterite soil. The sample was tested into a standard proctor mould. The model has 10.20cm diameter and 11.6 cm for height of the mould. Each sample's resistivity was measured entirely compacted.The resistivity testing in this study were conducted using the Miller 400A. ASTM D 422 Standards were used, and for electrical resistivity testing, ASTM G57 is used. This research emphasises the impact of moisture content on resistivity value, as soil reduces resistivity value when the soil has higher moisture content which is 120 Ωm at 37%, and 190 Ωm at 25%. By comparing the results of different moisture content of soil samples under varied d...

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of particle size towards resistivity and chargeability for groundwater interpretation

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

The most reliable and common method of surveying the groundwater is the electrical resistivity to... more The most reliable and common method of surveying the groundwater is the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). ERT is a non-destructive method of groundwater surveying where the current is being injected into the ground and the value of the subsurface resistivity and chargeability are determined. Multiple factors may influence the results of the ERT, especially the mineralogy, soils, rocks and water content. In this study, the effects of particle size and moisture content are assessed towards the resistivity and chargeability value. The materials that are used to conduct the testing are obtained from quarry and river. The gravel size samples from quarry were varied from sample size retained at 37.5 mm, 28mm, 20mm, 11.2mm, 6.7mm, 5mm and 2.36mm. Meanwhile, the sand size samples from the river were varied from sample sieve size passing 2mm and retained at 1.18 mm, 0.85mm, 0.60mm, 0.43mm, 0.30mm, 0.20mm, 0.15mm and 0.063 mm sieve. The gravel and sand-sized particles were tested on a ...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of ground subsidence potential at problematic culvert on expressway: Case study using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

Journal of Applied Geoscience and Built Environment, Mar 7, 2019

Potential of ground subsidence assessment was carried out at problematic culvert on expressway. T... more Potential of ground subsidence assessment was carried out at problematic culvert on expressway. The assessment was conducted using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in cooperation with Preston GeoCEMSdn Bhd. This paper described both of the methods used in this study. The aim of this study to obtain subsurface strata profiling around 10 to 15-metre depth. In this case, the ERT Gradient protocol survey was conducted to achieve the subsurface profiling at 15-meter depth and GPR forward line survey at 10-meter depth subsurface profiling. Total eight (8) resistivity lines across the site with the length of 80 meters each were conducted to suit the site condition. Meanwhile, total ten (10) GPR lines were conducted at the same location. Indication of the soil/rock are in saturated condition was based on resistivity value GPR radargram.ERT and GPR results showed low resistivity values and low amplitude at the saturated zone which indicated ground subsidence on top of the culvert area. The problem occurs may due to the saturated material and low groundwater level at the area.

Research paper thumbnail of Issues and Challenges in Rainwater Harvesting for Potential Potable and Non-Potable Water Production

i TECH MAG

This article reviews recent literatures on issues and challenges in rainwater harvesting and its ... more This article reviews recent literatures on issues and challenges in rainwater harvesting and its potential application for potable and non-potable uses. Vast articles published between 1982 and 2019 were found, which some of them revealing concerns on various issues regarding the factors affecting the implementation of rainwater harvesting, in fulfilling the needs for rainwater as the alternative water resource. More research should be conducted in the future, in addressing the issues. While the practice of rainwater harvesting is back to track, the degree of its modern implementation varies greatly across the globe, and often relates with problems in maximizing the potential benefits and system efficacy. Future research should be more devoted to the understanding of technological and non-technological issues, as well as the factors effecting the quantity and quality of rainwater, to improve the rainwater harvesting system, therefore increase the system efficacy and community accept...

Research paper thumbnail of The Influence of Clay Minerals Towards Resistivity and Chargeability Value for Groundwater Interpretation

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Jun 13, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Monitoring data of electrokinetic stabilisation method for soft clay using EKG electrode

Electrokinetic Stabilisation (EKS) method has the potential to overcome problems on highly compre... more Electrokinetic Stabilisation (EKS) method has the potential to overcome problems on highly compressible clay. This study presents the monitoring results from an experimental study of EKS on soft clay soil. Inactive kaolinite clay, inert electrode and distilled water (DW) were used as a pure system mechanism before any chemical stabilisers will be used in this research. Therefore, this monitoring data will provide a baseline study to improve efficiency of the EKS approach for ground improvement application. The test model were used inert electrodes of Electrokinetic Geosythentic (EKG) developed at the Newcastle University to apply a constant voltage gradient of 50 V/m across a soil sample of 400 mm length. The distilled waters were used at the pore electrolyte fluid compartments and supplied under zero hydraulic gradient conditions for periods of 3, 7 and 14 days. Throughout, monitoring data of electric current for all treatments were measured. Results showed that the electric curren...

Research paper thumbnail of A review of acoustic FDTD simulation technique and its application to underground cavity detection

The feasibility of the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique for acoustic wave created a... more The feasibility of the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique for acoustic wave created an opportunity for underground cavity detection that poses strong potential for acoustic wave spectrum application. The numerous significant advance has been attained to date, and more technological challenge awaits the optimization of an acoustic system to fill the gap between expectations and practical performance. Despite this tremendous progress, challenging issues related to the FDTD technique for acoustic wave simulation within the underground cavity detection yet to conclude. This review presents the development of the numerical approach in the acoustic wave simulation to excite pulse from the source, with particular emphasis being placed on the recent progress, a portion of travelling waves interact with the underground cavity structure and the cavity properties measurement of the cavity through different approaches.

Research paper thumbnail of Study of Performance Aeration Rate Effects on Iron and Manganese Removal in Groundwater Using Gravitational Aeration Tower System (GATS)

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020

Groundwater is one of the significant sources for water supply for various purpose. However, it i... more Groundwater is one of the significant sources for water supply for various purpose. However, it is easier to get in contact with contaminants such as iron and manganese. Iron and manganese contaminant can be treated by aeration process before goto post-filtration system. The aeration process as pre-treatment has done it by using Gravitational Aeration Tower System (GATS). The aeration performance in this experiment has controlled the airflow and water flowrate to observers iron and manganese removal from groundwater than compare the water quality based on the guideline National Drinking Water Quality Standards by Ministry of Health Malaysia. The study has been carried out at the existing tube well in the Research Centre for Soft Soils (RECESS), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The system started from pumping out the groundwater from the tube well and flows it through GATS with a different flow rate of 5.0 L/min and 10.0 L/min, and an airflow rate 0.5 L/min and 1.5 L/min. ...

Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Mechanical Weathering on the Durability Strength Index of Ayer Hitam Shale Under Various Weathering Grades and Conditions

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 2020

Shale is significantly weaker and less durable than other types of rock and is easy to break when... more Shale is significantly weaker and less durable than other types of rock and is easy to break when it is exposed to continuous wetting and drying activities. As a construction material, the durability strength index of weathered shale in Ayer Hitam, Johor, Malaysia is poorly investigated and not well understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mechanical weathering on the durability strength index of Ayer Hitam weathered shale under several different conditions. Three hundred sixty samples of weathered shale which are classified as weathering grade II to IV were tested within the fifth cycles of the slake durability test under three different conditions namely: Natural weathering, dry, and saturated sample. The results showed that the weathered shale with the highest moisture content of 27.78% and the lowest strength index with 1% after the fifth cycle at week 8 was the weathering grade IV under saturated condition. It was also found that the reduction in th...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison between Multiple Gradient and Pole Dipole Array Protocols for Groundwater Exploration in Quaternary Formation

Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2019

The demand for groundwater supply has been increasing in recent year. In the past, Electrical Res... more The demand for groundwater supply has been increasing in recent year. In the past, Electrical Resistivity Method has been one of the well-known non-destructive methods for groundwater surveying using various protocols to obtain the tomography of the soil subsurface. This study interpreted the difference of imaging results between two different protocols, the Pole-dipole array and the Multiple Gradient array using ABEM TERRAMETER LS 2 due to the complexity of geological setting. The geophysical survey shows the imaging result of the resistivity and induced polarization for the Pole-dipole array that differs from the imaging results from Multiple Gradient array because of the different path the electric current C2 passing through different soil types before reaching to the other side of the current electrode C1. The positioning of the remote cable was practically perpendicular to the alignment of the electrode spacing for Pole-dipole and parallel for Multiple Gradient array and this causes the data collected at both protocols to have different values because of the difference in composition of soil that the current has to go through. This study has verified the differences of resistivity and induced polarization imaging results by using a drilled tube well to identify the soil types.

Research paper thumbnail of Groundwater Exploration in Granitic Rock Formation Using Electrical Resistivity and Induced Polarization Techniques

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018

Introduction There are two (2) source of waters can be obtained in the earth, such as surface wat... more Introduction There are two (2) source of waters can be obtained in the earth, such as surface water and groundwater. In many urban areas, the most common source of water is surface water which provided by the water supply department of government or private sectors. There are certain situations happen lately when the surface water is not sufficient to supply for the locals especially during drought season and worst case scenario during floods due to water contamination. Therefore, source of groundwater is essential as a secondary source or alternative for local usage. Groundwater source exists beneath the subsurface in soil pore spaces and the fractures in rock formations [1]. It can be obtained for the use of the people for domestic or agricultural use [2]. The underground water contains and transmits in aquifer, which are characterized either unconfined aquifer or confined aquifer. The occurrence of this aquifer can be determined by electrical technique survey, one of the geophysical applications for underground survey [3,4,5]. The electrical survey is commonly adopted by using resistivity and induced polarization methods. By combining these two methods, subsurface can be modelled and the groundwater bearing can be detected. Electrical resistivity and induced polarization methods provide resistivity and chargeability values of the subsurface for entire survey line [6,7]. The principal of electrical resistivity technique is in term of how current is opposed to flow between two electrodes. Meanwhile induced polarization is measuring the time of the earth material can store the charges. This paper discusses the induced polarization characteristics between two distinct type rock formations and compare it with resistivity values for groundwater exploration at

Research paper thumbnail of Resistivity-Chemistry Integrated Approaches for Investigating Groundwater Salinity of Water Supply and Agricultural Activity at Island Coastal Area

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018

Groundwater suitability for water supply and agriculture in an island coastal area may easily be ... more Groundwater suitability for water supply and agriculture in an island coastal area may easily be influenced by seawater intrusion. The aim of this study was to investigate seawater intrusion to the suitability of the groundwater for water supply and oil palm cultivation on Carey Island in Malaysia. This is the first study that used integrated method of geo-electrical resistivity and hydrogeochemical methods to investigate seawater intrusion to the suitability of groundwater for water supply and oil palm cultivation at two different surface elevation and land cover. The relationship between earth resistivity, total dissolved solids and earth conductivity was derived with water type classifications and crop suitability classification according to salinity, used to identify water types and also oil palm tolerance to salinity. Results from the contour resistivity and conductivity maps showed that the area facing severe coastal erosion (east area) exhibited unsuitable groundwater condition for water supply and oil palm at the unconfined aquifer thickness of 7.8 m and 14.1 m, respectively. Comparing to the area that are still intact with mangrove (west area), at the same depth, groundwater condition exhibits suitable usage for both socioeconomic activities. Different characteristics of surface elevation and land cover are paramount factors influencing saltwater distribution at the west and east area. By the end of the twenty-first century there will no longer be suitable water for supply and oil palm plantation based on the local sea-level rise prediction and Ghyben-Herzberg assumption (sharp interface), focusing on the severe erosion area of the study site.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of Infiltration-Suction Response in Unsaturated Residual Soil Slope in Gelugor, Penang

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018

Rainfall infiltration on residual soil slope may impair slope stability by altering the pore-wate... more Rainfall infiltration on residual soil slope may impair slope stability by altering the pore-water pressure in the soil. A study has been carried out on unsaturated residual soil slope in Gelugor, Penang to determine the changes in matric suction of residual soils at different depth due to rainwater infiltration. The sequence of this study includes the site investigation, field instrumentation, laboratory experiment and numerical modeling. Void ratio and porosity of soil were found to be decreasing with depth while the bulk density and dry density of soil increased due to lower porosity of soil at greater depth. Soil infiltration rate and matric suction of all depths decrease with the increase of volumetric water content as well as the degree of saturation. Numerical modeling was used to verify and predict the relationship between infiltration-suction response and degree of saturation. Numerical models can be used to integrate the rainfall scenarios into quantitative landslide hazard assessments. Thus, development plans and mitigation measures can be designed for estimated impacts from hazard assessments based on collected data.

Research paper thumbnail of Peat Stabilization by Using Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as a Partial Cement Replacement Materials

International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 2019

Malaysia covers about 2.6 million hectares of tropical peat deposits as shown in Fig. 1, where th... more Malaysia covers about 2.6 million hectares of tropical peat deposits as shown in Fig. 1, where the accumulation and formation are favorable compared to the other tropics [1]. In term of country land area, Malaysia was ranked 10th in the world with 8% [2]. Among these land, 6,300 hectares are found in Muar, Batu Pahat and Pontian in West Johor. Peat in the district of Pontian, have been developed to agricultural for oil palm, pineapple and other food crops [3]. Geotechnically, peat are classified as highly organic soil that having more than 75 % of organic content which represent a problematic and poor quality of soil due to limited compressibility index [4]. Peat classification is important as they are weaker than inorganic soil that subsequently lead to instability and long term settlement when subjected to load [5]. Sugarcane industries contribute to 1.9 billion tons of by-products where one metric ton of sugarcane creates 280kg bagasse [6]. The utilization of sugarcane bagasse that were mainly utilized as to fuel sugar mill leave the bagasse ash as Abstract: Malaysia are covered approximately 2.6 million hectare of peat and facing serious geotechnical problems to develop infrastructure on peatland area. This study is to observe the basic geotechnical properties, strength and compressibility behavior of Pontian peat that stabilized by cement (OPC) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA). The whole laboratory test standards and regulation that had been used in this study was adopted from American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and British standards (BS). In order to understand an improvement of peat stabilization, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and 1D-Oedometer consolidation test were conducted on untreated and stabilized peat. The results show that Pontian peat can be considered as hemic peat with average acidic. It was observed that the treated peat with 5% of SCBA (PCB5) has the highest UCS of 190 kPa and was discovered to be equivalent to PC specimen. There was a noteworthy decrease of void ratio, e for optimum PCB and PC mixtures as compared to untreated peat. The value of Cc and Cα was quite low at small effective stresses, however it improved after beyond preconsolidation pressure, σ'c. Compared to untreated Pontian peat which contributed the ratio of Cα/Cc about 0.056, stabilized peat for PC and PCB5 gave better ratio with 0.0316 and 0.0273 respectively. Results shows that the treated peat Cα/Cc ratios were drop dramatically from untreated peat which is representing the stabilized mixture can efficiently reduce the secondary compression.

Research paper thumbnail of Shallow Reflection Method for Water-Filled Void Detection and Characterization

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018

Shallow investigation is crucial in enhancing the characteristics of subsurface void commonly enc... more Shallow investigation is crucial in enhancing the characteristics of subsurface void commonly encountered in civil engineering, and one such technique commonly used is seismicreflection technique. An assessment of the effectiveness of such an approach is critical to determine whether the quality of the works meets the prescribed requirements. Conventional quality testing suffers limitations including: limited coverage (both area and depth) and problems with resolution quality. Traditionally quality assurance measurements use laboratory and in-situ invasive and destructive tests. However geophysical approaches, which are typically noninvasive and non-destructive, offer a method by which improvement of detection can be measured in a cost-effective way. Of this seismic reflection have proved useful to assess void characteristic, this paper evaluates the application of shallow seismic-reflection method in characterizing the water-filled void properties at 0.34 m depth, specifically for detection and characterization of void measurement using 2-dimensional tomography.

Research paper thumbnail of Natural Frequencies Evaluation on Partially Damaged Building using Ambient Vibration Technique

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018

Severe damages observed on the school blocks, roads, retaining walls and drainage within the comp... more Severe damages observed on the school blocks, roads, retaining walls and drainage within the compound of SMK Kundasang Sabah possibly due to the ground movements triggered by the Ranau earthquake in 1991. Ambient vibration measurements were carried on the remaining demolished 3-storey building which partially damaged in order to measure the predominant building frequencies using tri-axial 1 Hz seismometer sensors. Popular methods of Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) and Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS) were used to compute the ambient vibration wave fields of each building axes (Transverse or North-South (NS), Longitudinal or East-West (EW) and vertical) into Fourier spectra. Two main modes of translation and torsion were observed from the peaks frequencies obtained at 2.99 to 3.10 Hz (1st mode), 4.85 Hz (2nd mode) and 5.63 to 5.85 Hz (3rd mode). The building experiencing translation modes of bending and shear in the NS and EW directions. It could be seen when the amplitudes tends to increase when the floor are increased. Meanwhile, the torsional bending mode is expected to occur when the deformation amplitudes are found to be increasing horizontally, when moving into partially structural damaged section located on the East wing of building.

Research paper thumbnail of Geological Prediction Ahead of Tunnel Face in the Limestone Formation Tunnel using Multi-Modal Geophysical Surveys

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018

Tunnel construction in typical karst topography face the risk which unknown geological condition ... more Tunnel construction in typical karst topography face the risk which unknown geological condition such as abundant rainwater, ground water and cavities. Construction of tunnel in karst limestone frequently lead to potentially over-break of rock formation and cause failure to affected area. Physical character of limestone which consists large cavity prone to sudden failure and become worsen due to misinterpretation of rock quality by engineer and geologists during analysis stage and improper method adopted in construction stage. Consideration for execution of laboratory and field testing in rock limestone should be well planned and arranged in tunnel construction project. Several tests including Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) and geological face mapping were studied in this research to investigate the performances of limestone rock in tunnel construction, measured in term of rock mass quality that used for risk assessment. The objective of this study is to focus on the prediction of geological condition ahead of tunnel face using short range method (GPR) and verified by geological face mapping method to determine the consistency of actual geological condition on site. Q-Value as the main indicator for rock mass classification was obtained from geological face mapping method. The scope of this study is covering for tunnelling construction along 756 meters in karst limestone area which located at Timah Tasoh Tunnel, Bukit Tebing Tinggi, Perlis. For this case study, 15% of GPR results was identified as inaccurate for rock mass classification in which certain chainage along this tunnel with 34 out of 224 data from GPR was identified as incompatible with actual face mapping.

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of Groundwater Level at Slope Areas using Electrical Resistivity Method

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018

Groundwater level plays an important role as an agent that triggers landslides. Commonly, the con... more Groundwater level plays an important role as an agent that triggers landslides. Commonly, the conventional method used to monitor the groundwater level is done by using standpipe piezometer. There were several disadvantages of the conventional method related to cost, time and data coverage. The aim of this study is to determine groundwater level at slope areas using electrical resistivity method and to verify groundwater level of the study area with standpipe piezometer data. The data acquisition was performed using ABEM Terrameter SAS4000. For data analysis and processing, RES2DINV and SURFER were used. The groundwater level was calibrated with reference of standpipe piezometer based on electrical resistivity value (ERV).

Research paper thumbnail of Abstract: Influence of Discontinuity Sets on Slope Failures at Pos Selim Highway, Malaysia

The types of discontinuity of studied slopes are joints and foliations. The discontinuity sets in... more The types of discontinuity of studied slopes are joints and foliations. The discontinuity sets in all the locations have maximum pole intensity of more than 8%. Several sets of discontinuities are recorded at each location. The stereographic plot of the discontinuities set revealed that most of the rock slopes have the potential to fail in the mode of wedge, planar and toppling, as well as the combination of more than one mode of failure. Potential wedge failure is found at seven locations, potential planar failure at five locations and potential toppling at four locations. Abstrak: Jenis set-set ketakselanjaran di cerun yang dikaji adalah terdiri daripada kekar dan foliasi. Pada semua cerun didapati ketumpatan maksima kutub melebihi 8%. Terdapat beberapa set ketakselanjaran untuk setiap cerun. Pemplotan stereografi terhadap set-set ketakselanjaran mendapati cerun batuan mempunyai potensi kegagalan beragam baji, satah, terbalikan atau gabungan lebih daripada satu ragam kegagalan. Po...