Azlina Hassan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Azlina Hassan

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanochemical durability and self-cleaning performance of zinc oxide-epoxy superhydrophobic coating prepared via a facile one-step approach

Research paper thumbnail of GRAPHENE OXIDE MICROCAPSULES (GOMs) WITH LINSEED OIL CORE VIA PICKERING EMULSION METHOD: EFFECT OF DISPERSE SPEED

IIUM Engineering Journal

Graphene oxide microcapsules (GOMs) have been prepared through Pickering emulsion method by varyi... more Graphene oxide microcapsules (GOMs) have been prepared through Pickering emulsion method by varying the disperse speed to study its effect on the GOM’s size. The GOMs were characterized through phase separation observation, polarized optical microscope (POM), and particle size analyser (PSA). Phase separation observation showed more viscous and cloudy emulsion was produced when the disperse speed was increased. After 24 hours, only 800 rpm emulsion did not show any phase separation. POM characterization depicted that increasing the emulsification energy led to the finer emulsion with the 1200 rpm sample showing the smallest microcapsule size of around 8 ?m. However, PSA analysis suggested that although the disperse speed controls the GOMs size, the amount of GO in the emulsion plays an important role for the microcapsule to maintain its stability. Emulsion produced at 800 rpm possesses satisfactory stability with GOMs diameter of 11.15 ?m. The result also suggested that graphene oxi...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Nanoparticles on Wettability of Nanocoating on Carbon Steel

International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture

Nanocoatings plays an important role in coating industry. The solution was being prepared through... more Nanocoatings plays an important role in coating industry. The solution was being prepared through copolymerization of epoxy resin hardener and with the incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Silica (SiO2). ZnO and SiO2 were synthesized using sol-gel. Epoxy hardener acted as host while the metal oxide nanoparticles as guest components. The formulation of nanocoatings with excellent adhesion strength and corrosion protection of carbon steel was studied. The performance of wetting ability with different medium was analysed using contact angle. Water medium showed the addition of 3wt% of hybrid between ZnO and SiO2 was the best nanocoating to form hydrophobic surface and was also the best nanocoating surface to form hydrophilic surface with vacuum oil dropping. In oil dropping, the contact angle was smaller than 90° and the water drop tends to spreads on surface.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance Properties of Irradiated Recycled Polypropylene as a Compatibilizer in Recycled Polypropylene/Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites

Materials Science Forum, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of ZnO Nanoparticles for Anti-Corrosion Nanocoating of Carbon Steel

Materials Science Forum, 2017

Nanostructured coatings offer great potential for various applications due to their superior char... more Nanostructured coatings offer great potential for various applications due to their superior characteristics that are not typically found in conventional coatings. This research aimed at developing a new and improved coating that employs zinc oxide nanopowder as the agent to achieve corrosion resistant properties for a coating. The research project discusses on its corrosion behaviour of epoxy-zinc oxide in different media by measuring its corrosion rate. Mild carbon steel was used as the substrate for the epoxy-zinc oxide coating. The corrosion behavior mechanism of mild steel was investigated in different media, namely fresh water, NaCl solution, HCl solution and NaOH solution. Immersion test was conducted and studied for a period of 60 days, with daily and weekly weighing and immersing. The corrosion rate was calculated and mild steel corrodes in the different environment and degrades in the following trend; HCl → NaCl → NaOH → H2O.

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanical Properties of Toughened Polyester Reinforced with Untreated and Treated Kenaf Hybird Carbon Composite

Materials Science Forum, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of An analytical study of output voltage profile generated from raindrop energy

2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON), 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Polymer clay nanocomposites: part I

Research paper thumbnail of Polymer clay nanocomposites: part II - synthesis of polymer nanocomposites

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTS) on themechanical and thermal properties of plasticized polylactic acid nanocomposites

A multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/plasticized polylactic acid (PLA) composite was prepared u... more A multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/plasticized polylactic acid (PLA) composite was prepared using a two-roll mill set at 170°C and 50 rev/min. The material was characterized using dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). Characterization works include obtaining mechanical properties, such as tensile and flexural properties of the nanocomposites. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 6 wt% was used as the plasticizer for blending with the PLA. It was found that the tensile and flexural strengths of the nanocomposites increased up to 43.8 MPa and 81.4 MPa respectively with the addition of 0.15 wt% MWCNTs. The DMA results revealed that the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the nanocomposites improved with the addition of 0.15 wt% CNTs, which was previously reduced by the incorporation of PEG.

Research paper thumbnail of Advances in manufacturing and materials engineering

Research paper thumbnail of Preparation and characterization of Thermoplastic Natural Rubber (TPNR) nanocomposites

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of coupling agent treatment on the mechanical and flame retardancy properties of rigid PVC-ATH nanocomposites

Research paper thumbnail of The Effects of Various TPNR Binder Compositions on Feedstock Preparation for MIM Process

Advanced Materials Research, 2015

Metal injection moulding (MIM) feedstock is a mixture of metal powder and binder. The function of... more Metal injection moulding (MIM) feedstock is a mixture of metal powder and binder. The function of the binder system is to provide flow ability of the metal particles and shape retention of the moulded parts. The behaviour of the feedstock depends greatly on the binder formulations and its composition. In these studies, the possibility of using thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) as a binder system has been preliminarily investigated. The TPNR binder containing of natural rubber (NR) and polyethylene (PE) were studied at variable compositions. The characterization includes of mixing parameter, mixing torque and SEM micrograph of TPNR. Results show that the optimum composition of NR is about 40% in volume fraction of TPNR binder. The rheological results of the feedstock are considered to be used in MIM process as bio-composite binder.

Research paper thumbnail of Morphology and Mechanical Properties of MIM Feedstock Using TPNR Backbone Binder

Advanced Materials Research, 2015

This study has examined the effects of using TPNR backbone polymer on the morphology and mechanic... more This study has examined the effects of using TPNR backbone polymer on the morphology and mechanical properties of the metal injection moulding feedstock 316L stainless steel with paraffin wax (PW) and palm stearin (PS) respectively as the main binder and stearic acid as a lubricant during mixing and injection moulding process. Tensile behaviour indicates that the green sample of feedstock PW/TPNR/SA system gives higher value compared to PS/TPNR/SA system. Morphology studies showed that green samples of PS/TPNR/SA exhibited brittleness fracture compared to PW/TPNR/SA system.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of PEG on impact strength of PLA hybrid biocomposite

This paper investigates the impact strength of plasticized polylactic acid (PLA) filled with kena... more This paper investigates the impact strength of plasticized polylactic acid (PLA) filled with kenaf fiber (KF) and montmorrilonite (MMT). The compositional ratio of PLA, KF and MMT is 77:20:3. Hybrid biocomposite was prepared through extrusion process and then injection moulded. PLA is one of the biodegradable polymers that have poor impact properties. Therefore, to overcome this problem, 3 wt% polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added as a plasticizer in the processing of hybrid biocomposite. From the Charpy impact test, impact strength of plasticized biocomposite improved significantly as compared to unplasticized biocomposite. The impact strength of various composition of biocomposite increased with the presence of PEG, and p-PLA-KF-MMT posses the highest impact strength which is 89.5 kJ/m2. Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of hybrid biocomposite revealed the well-distributed of MMT with intercalated structure.

Research paper thumbnail of Investigations on Metal Injection Molding of 316L SS Using Thermoplastic Natural Rubber (TPNR) Binder as a New System

Advanced Materials Research, 2012

Metal injection molding (MIM) is a near net-shape manufacturing technology that is capable of mas... more Metal injection molding (MIM) is a near net-shape manufacturing technology that is capable of mass production of complex parts cost-effectively. The unique features of the process make it an attractive route for the fabrication of the new binder system since the success of MIM process is dependent on the outward appearance of the resultant feedstock. Thermoplastic natural rubbers (TPNR) blends consist of thermoplastics, such as polyethylene (PE), alloyed with natural rubber (NR) with different thermoplastic to NR ratios. The soft grade TPNR is produced by blends with compositions richer in rubber while the harder grades can contain up to about 30 % NR. This study investigates the influence of new binder system consisting of TPNR on injection parameter, density of injected molded specimen and changes during solvent extraction. Results show that TPNR plays an important role as a good binder system and shortens the solvent extraction process.

Research paper thumbnail of Thermogravimetric Analysis of OMMT Filled HDPE/EPDM Treated EB Irradiation

Advanced Materials Research, 2012

In the current study, high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) b... more In the current study, high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) blend and organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) filled HDPE/EPDM was develop aiming at enhancing the thermal properties. Maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) agent and electron beam (EB) irradiation technique were applied as HDPE/EPDM blend and OMMT filled HDPE/EPDM treatments. HDPE/EPDM blend and OMMT filled HDPE/EPDM were first prepared via melt intercalation technique at 4 vol% OMMT loading. For EB irradiation technique, the absorbed dose was set at 100 kGy. The effectiveness of these surface modification treatments were compared with control one (no surface modification) and analyzed based on the thermal test as well as transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that the thermal properties of both HDPE/EPDM blend and OMMT filled HDPE/EPDM were significantly enhanced by EB irradiation technique as compared to the control and MAPE systems. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) ...

Research paper thumbnail of Compatibilized PP/EPDM-Kenaf Fibre Composite Using Melt Blending Method

Advanced Materials Research, 2011

Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) composite reinforced with Hibiscus cannabinus, L fiber (kenaf fiber... more Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) composite reinforced with Hibiscus cannabinus, L fiber (kenaf fiber, KF) was prepared via melt blending method using internal mixer at temperature 180°C, screw rotational speed at 40rpm for 10 min. TPE matrix is a blend of polypropylene (PP) and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) at a ratio of 70:30. The optimum fiber loading were investigated from 0% to 20% by volume. The effect of coupling agent maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) on the TPE composite has been investigated. The result shown that, with increasing the kenaf fiber content gradually increased the tensile strength and flexural strength for both treated and untreated PP/EPDM-KF composite. However, at 20% of kenaf fiber loading, it showed decreasing in impact strength due to brittleness of the samples. From the scanning electron micrograph (SEM) it has shown that the composite, with compatibilizer promotes better interaction between TPE and kenaf fiber.

Research paper thumbnail of Thermal Analysis of Kenaf Sandwich Panel

Advanced Materials Research, 2013

The introduction of the eco-core sandwich panel composite is contributing a new approach to the d... more The introduction of the eco-core sandwich panel composite is contributing a new approach to the designer to achieve high performance and light weight. In this research project, the new kenaf eco-core sandwich panel will be developed and then laminated with galvanized steel. The final goal is to find the optimum eco-core metal matrix composite sandwich structure with maximum mechanical properties such as stiffness and buckling. Kenaf eco-core sandwich will be fabricated and study on the interaction between eco-core sandwich panel and metal faces will be performed. The characterization of the eco-core sandwich panel will be done using different analytical tools. This study would provide a way to enhance the application of this new eco-core metal matrix composite sandwich structure.The amount of sample used was approximately 12 mg. The temperature profile was from 27°C to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min. In this study, result shows that degradation of composites starts to occur at...

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanochemical durability and self-cleaning performance of zinc oxide-epoxy superhydrophobic coating prepared via a facile one-step approach

Research paper thumbnail of GRAPHENE OXIDE MICROCAPSULES (GOMs) WITH LINSEED OIL CORE VIA PICKERING EMULSION METHOD: EFFECT OF DISPERSE SPEED

IIUM Engineering Journal

Graphene oxide microcapsules (GOMs) have been prepared through Pickering emulsion method by varyi... more Graphene oxide microcapsules (GOMs) have been prepared through Pickering emulsion method by varying the disperse speed to study its effect on the GOM’s size. The GOMs were characterized through phase separation observation, polarized optical microscope (POM), and particle size analyser (PSA). Phase separation observation showed more viscous and cloudy emulsion was produced when the disperse speed was increased. After 24 hours, only 800 rpm emulsion did not show any phase separation. POM characterization depicted that increasing the emulsification energy led to the finer emulsion with the 1200 rpm sample showing the smallest microcapsule size of around 8 ?m. However, PSA analysis suggested that although the disperse speed controls the GOMs size, the amount of GO in the emulsion plays an important role for the microcapsule to maintain its stability. Emulsion produced at 800 rpm possesses satisfactory stability with GOMs diameter of 11.15 ?m. The result also suggested that graphene oxi...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Nanoparticles on Wettability of Nanocoating on Carbon Steel

International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture

Nanocoatings plays an important role in coating industry. The solution was being prepared through... more Nanocoatings plays an important role in coating industry. The solution was being prepared through copolymerization of epoxy resin hardener and with the incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Silica (SiO2). ZnO and SiO2 were synthesized using sol-gel. Epoxy hardener acted as host while the metal oxide nanoparticles as guest components. The formulation of nanocoatings with excellent adhesion strength and corrosion protection of carbon steel was studied. The performance of wetting ability with different medium was analysed using contact angle. Water medium showed the addition of 3wt% of hybrid between ZnO and SiO2 was the best nanocoating to form hydrophobic surface and was also the best nanocoating surface to form hydrophilic surface with vacuum oil dropping. In oil dropping, the contact angle was smaller than 90° and the water drop tends to spreads on surface.

Research paper thumbnail of Performance Properties of Irradiated Recycled Polypropylene as a Compatibilizer in Recycled Polypropylene/Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites

Materials Science Forum, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of ZnO Nanoparticles for Anti-Corrosion Nanocoating of Carbon Steel

Materials Science Forum, 2017

Nanostructured coatings offer great potential for various applications due to their superior char... more Nanostructured coatings offer great potential for various applications due to their superior characteristics that are not typically found in conventional coatings. This research aimed at developing a new and improved coating that employs zinc oxide nanopowder as the agent to achieve corrosion resistant properties for a coating. The research project discusses on its corrosion behaviour of epoxy-zinc oxide in different media by measuring its corrosion rate. Mild carbon steel was used as the substrate for the epoxy-zinc oxide coating. The corrosion behavior mechanism of mild steel was investigated in different media, namely fresh water, NaCl solution, HCl solution and NaOH solution. Immersion test was conducted and studied for a period of 60 days, with daily and weekly weighing and immersing. The corrosion rate was calculated and mild steel corrodes in the different environment and degrades in the following trend; HCl → NaCl → NaOH → H2O.

Research paper thumbnail of Mechanical Properties of Toughened Polyester Reinforced with Untreated and Treated Kenaf Hybird Carbon Composite

Materials Science Forum, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of An analytical study of output voltage profile generated from raindrop energy

2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON), 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Polymer clay nanocomposites: part I

Research paper thumbnail of Polymer clay nanocomposites: part II - synthesis of polymer nanocomposites

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTS) on themechanical and thermal properties of plasticized polylactic acid nanocomposites

A multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/plasticized polylactic acid (PLA) composite was prepared u... more A multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/plasticized polylactic acid (PLA) composite was prepared using a two-roll mill set at 170°C and 50 rev/min. The material was characterized using dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). Characterization works include obtaining mechanical properties, such as tensile and flexural properties of the nanocomposites. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 6 wt% was used as the plasticizer for blending with the PLA. It was found that the tensile and flexural strengths of the nanocomposites increased up to 43.8 MPa and 81.4 MPa respectively with the addition of 0.15 wt% MWCNTs. The DMA results revealed that the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the nanocomposites improved with the addition of 0.15 wt% CNTs, which was previously reduced by the incorporation of PEG.

Research paper thumbnail of Advances in manufacturing and materials engineering

Research paper thumbnail of Preparation and characterization of Thermoplastic Natural Rubber (TPNR) nanocomposites

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of coupling agent treatment on the mechanical and flame retardancy properties of rigid PVC-ATH nanocomposites

Research paper thumbnail of The Effects of Various TPNR Binder Compositions on Feedstock Preparation for MIM Process

Advanced Materials Research, 2015

Metal injection moulding (MIM) feedstock is a mixture of metal powder and binder. The function of... more Metal injection moulding (MIM) feedstock is a mixture of metal powder and binder. The function of the binder system is to provide flow ability of the metal particles and shape retention of the moulded parts. The behaviour of the feedstock depends greatly on the binder formulations and its composition. In these studies, the possibility of using thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) as a binder system has been preliminarily investigated. The TPNR binder containing of natural rubber (NR) and polyethylene (PE) were studied at variable compositions. The characterization includes of mixing parameter, mixing torque and SEM micrograph of TPNR. Results show that the optimum composition of NR is about 40% in volume fraction of TPNR binder. The rheological results of the feedstock are considered to be used in MIM process as bio-composite binder.

Research paper thumbnail of Morphology and Mechanical Properties of MIM Feedstock Using TPNR Backbone Binder

Advanced Materials Research, 2015

This study has examined the effects of using TPNR backbone polymer on the morphology and mechanic... more This study has examined the effects of using TPNR backbone polymer on the morphology and mechanical properties of the metal injection moulding feedstock 316L stainless steel with paraffin wax (PW) and palm stearin (PS) respectively as the main binder and stearic acid as a lubricant during mixing and injection moulding process. Tensile behaviour indicates that the green sample of feedstock PW/TPNR/SA system gives higher value compared to PS/TPNR/SA system. Morphology studies showed that green samples of PS/TPNR/SA exhibited brittleness fracture compared to PW/TPNR/SA system.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of PEG on impact strength of PLA hybrid biocomposite

This paper investigates the impact strength of plasticized polylactic acid (PLA) filled with kena... more This paper investigates the impact strength of plasticized polylactic acid (PLA) filled with kenaf fiber (KF) and montmorrilonite (MMT). The compositional ratio of PLA, KF and MMT is 77:20:3. Hybrid biocomposite was prepared through extrusion process and then injection moulded. PLA is one of the biodegradable polymers that have poor impact properties. Therefore, to overcome this problem, 3 wt% polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added as a plasticizer in the processing of hybrid biocomposite. From the Charpy impact test, impact strength of plasticized biocomposite improved significantly as compared to unplasticized biocomposite. The impact strength of various composition of biocomposite increased with the presence of PEG, and p-PLA-KF-MMT posses the highest impact strength which is 89.5 kJ/m2. Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of hybrid biocomposite revealed the well-distributed of MMT with intercalated structure.

Research paper thumbnail of Investigations on Metal Injection Molding of 316L SS Using Thermoplastic Natural Rubber (TPNR) Binder as a New System

Advanced Materials Research, 2012

Metal injection molding (MIM) is a near net-shape manufacturing technology that is capable of mas... more Metal injection molding (MIM) is a near net-shape manufacturing technology that is capable of mass production of complex parts cost-effectively. The unique features of the process make it an attractive route for the fabrication of the new binder system since the success of MIM process is dependent on the outward appearance of the resultant feedstock. Thermoplastic natural rubbers (TPNR) blends consist of thermoplastics, such as polyethylene (PE), alloyed with natural rubber (NR) with different thermoplastic to NR ratios. The soft grade TPNR is produced by blends with compositions richer in rubber while the harder grades can contain up to about 30 % NR. This study investigates the influence of new binder system consisting of TPNR on injection parameter, density of injected molded specimen and changes during solvent extraction. Results show that TPNR plays an important role as a good binder system and shortens the solvent extraction process.

Research paper thumbnail of Thermogravimetric Analysis of OMMT Filled HDPE/EPDM Treated EB Irradiation

Advanced Materials Research, 2012

In the current study, high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) b... more In the current study, high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) blend and organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) filled HDPE/EPDM was develop aiming at enhancing the thermal properties. Maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) agent and electron beam (EB) irradiation technique were applied as HDPE/EPDM blend and OMMT filled HDPE/EPDM treatments. HDPE/EPDM blend and OMMT filled HDPE/EPDM were first prepared via melt intercalation technique at 4 vol% OMMT loading. For EB irradiation technique, the absorbed dose was set at 100 kGy. The effectiveness of these surface modification treatments were compared with control one (no surface modification) and analyzed based on the thermal test as well as transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that the thermal properties of both HDPE/EPDM blend and OMMT filled HDPE/EPDM were significantly enhanced by EB irradiation technique as compared to the control and MAPE systems. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) ...

Research paper thumbnail of Compatibilized PP/EPDM-Kenaf Fibre Composite Using Melt Blending Method

Advanced Materials Research, 2011

Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) composite reinforced with Hibiscus cannabinus, L fiber (kenaf fiber... more Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) composite reinforced with Hibiscus cannabinus, L fiber (kenaf fiber, KF) was prepared via melt blending method using internal mixer at temperature 180°C, screw rotational speed at 40rpm for 10 min. TPE matrix is a blend of polypropylene (PP) and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) at a ratio of 70:30. The optimum fiber loading were investigated from 0% to 20% by volume. The effect of coupling agent maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) on the TPE composite has been investigated. The result shown that, with increasing the kenaf fiber content gradually increased the tensile strength and flexural strength for both treated and untreated PP/EPDM-KF composite. However, at 20% of kenaf fiber loading, it showed decreasing in impact strength due to brittleness of the samples. From the scanning electron micrograph (SEM) it has shown that the composite, with compatibilizer promotes better interaction between TPE and kenaf fiber.

Research paper thumbnail of Thermal Analysis of Kenaf Sandwich Panel

Advanced Materials Research, 2013

The introduction of the eco-core sandwich panel composite is contributing a new approach to the d... more The introduction of the eco-core sandwich panel composite is contributing a new approach to the designer to achieve high performance and light weight. In this research project, the new kenaf eco-core sandwich panel will be developed and then laminated with galvanized steel. The final goal is to find the optimum eco-core metal matrix composite sandwich structure with maximum mechanical properties such as stiffness and buckling. Kenaf eco-core sandwich will be fabricated and study on the interaction between eco-core sandwich panel and metal faces will be performed. The characterization of the eco-core sandwich panel will be done using different analytical tools. This study would provide a way to enhance the application of this new eco-core metal matrix composite sandwich structure.The amount of sample used was approximately 12 mg. The temperature profile was from 27°C to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min. In this study, result shows that degradation of composites starts to occur at...