Azura Rashid - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Azura Rashid
Materials Today: Proceedings
Iranian Polymer Journal, Sep 12, 2019
This study aims to improve the dispersion of treated calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) in natural rubber... more This study aims to improve the dispersion of treated calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) in natural rubber latex (NRL) films. Ball mill and ultrasonic methods were used to break down the particle size of CaCO 3 , and the combined effect of ball mill/ultrasonic and ultrasonic/ball mill methods with their optimum processing times was applied to re-agglomerate and further break down the particle size of CaCO 3. The particle size and dispersibility of treated CaCO 3 were characterized by particle-size analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Zeta-potential measurement. The particle-size analysis and TEM results revealed that the particle size of CaCO 3 reduced down to 1.4 µm with less agglomeration using ultrasonic for 120 min and ball mill for 72 h. Zeta-potential measurement also indicated that the ultrafine-treated CaCO 3 with a broad particlesize distribution was compatible with NRL particles. The treated CaCO 3 loadings from 5 to 20 phr were filled in the NRL compounds. NRL/CaCO 3 compounds showed decrease in viscosity and cross-link density, but increase in swelling index. It was found that tensile strength, modulus at 100% elongation, elongation-at-break, swelling index, and cross-link density of the films were improved with addition of 10 phr of CaCO 3. At 20 phr of filler loading, the increment rate of tensile strength of NRL/CaCO 3 films was 44% after leaching, and their retention percentage was 62% after heat aging. Therefore, ultrafine CaCO 3-incorporated NRL can withstand under accelerated heat-aging condition.
Materials Today: Proceedings
Polymer Testing, 2005
Paper sludge filled natural rubber composites were prepared by incorporation of different loading... more Paper sludge filled natural rubber composites were prepared by incorporation of different loadings (10–40phr) of paper sludge fillers. Two series of composites were studied, i.e. composites with and without maleic anhydride grafted natural rubber (MANR). Grafting of maleic anhydride onto the natural rubber was done prior to compounding using an internal mixer. The curing characteristics, dynamic properties and tensile properties
NRL (natural rubber latex) films with 0 (control) and 10 phr sago starch loading were buried in c... more NRL (natural rubber latex) films with 0 (control) and 10 phr sago starch loading were buried in compost soil for 4 weeks. The biodegradation assessments were carried out through films WVT (water vapor transmission) and mass loss. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to identify and monitor the properties of rubber degrading organism colonies. Results showed that incorporation of sago starch increased the formation and rates of propagation for microorganism colonies on NRL films with duration of biodegradation. The results also indicate the mechanism of sago starch granules utilization as sole source of energy for microbial growth. The behavior and characteristics of microorganisms involved in NRL films degradation also successfully discussed.
Interests on recycling of rubber products are augmenting due to the serious environmental hazard.... more Interests on recycling of rubber products are augmenting due to the serious environmental hazard. Furthermore, recycling give economic advantages cheaper materials could be produced. Waste natural rubber latex which is usually discharged from factories contains good quality hydrocarbon chain with lightly cross linking which is the main focus in this work. The aim of this research is to develop the waste natural rubber latex (WNRL) and polystyrene (PS) blends using polystyrene-modified natural rubber (SNR) as a compatibilizer. These blends were prepared through melt mixing technique using internal mixer at difference amount loading of SNR. Mechanical properties of blends were compared. It was found that the WNRL and PS blends (WNRL/PS) have improved properties at amount loading 5 phr of SNR. The interfacial adhesion was observed on the morphology of tensile fracture surface by using a digital microscope. The mechanical properties were compared with STR L and PS blends as well.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of sago starch loading on the mechanica... more The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of sago starch loading on the mechanical and biodegradation properties of Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) composites. The sago starch loading for each composite was varied from 5 to 25 phr. Two methods of sago starch additions have been employed in this research. Method A is addition of fillers into the latex prior to pre-vulcanization process at 80°C and Method B is addition of fillers after maturation process followed by stirring process at room temperature for 2 hours. Biodegradation test was carried out by soil burial of NRL composites and withdrawn on weekly basis to investigate the properties of the NRL composites. The results reveal that the NRL composites showed an optimum tensile strength and tear strength at10 phr sago starch loading. The mechanical properties decreased when increased the sago starch loading up to 25 phr due to formation of sago starch agglomeration in the NRL composites. The mechanical properties of NRL composites start to decrease after 2 weeks of soil burial. The biodegradation process was initiated through decomposition of the sago starch by microorganisms through formation of fines cavities which later act as degradation site for the composites.
Journal of Rubber Research, 2022
Seaweed is an abundant and low-cost material that is commonly utilised in food, pharmaceutical, b... more Seaweed is an abundant and low-cost material that is commonly utilised in food, pharmaceutical, bio-fertilizer and other product applications as a gelling agent, thickening or emulsifying substance. However, its application in latex is limited. This research was conducted to evaluate the potential of low industrial-grade seaweed (LIGS) in natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) applications. The NRLF was produced using the Dunlop method at different loadings of potassium oleate (PO) (0.5 and 1.0 phr), diphenylguanide (DPG) (0–0.75 phr) and low industrial-grade seaweed (LIGS) (1–5 phr). The effects of the LIGS loading as a secondary gelling agent in NRLF were investigated. The density, number of cells per unit volume (N), average cell size, and morphology of the NRLF with the incorporation of the LIGS were analysed. It was found that NRLF density increased with the LIGS loading and peaked at 5 phr LIGS. The addition of LIGS has induced the production of smaller foam cells than the cells of the control NRLF. The LIGS could act as a secondary gelling agent in the NRLF with the assistance of DPG. The prepared NRLF with a low chemical content can be applied in plantable seedling medium or biodegradable pot in horticulture or floriculture applications, which is also recommended as an economical alternative for various applications in the current scenario.
Materials Today: Proceedings
International Journal of Current Research in Science, Engineering & Technology, 2018
The incorporation of sago starch into the latex compound will act as bio-filler to accelerate the... more The incorporation of sago starch into the latex compound will act as bio-filler to accelerate the degradation process of natural rubber (NR) latex based product including latex gloves. However, welldispersed of sago starch in NR latex compound is necessary in order to have a better biodegradation of the latex products. In this study, sago starch dispersion was prepared with different types (anchoid and nonyl phenol) and loading percentages (4, 5 and 6 wt.%) of dispersing agent. Results of sago starch dispersion with 5 wt.% loading of anchoid as dispersing agent shown highest zeta potential value (-34.8 mV) and the smallest particle size (531.2 nm). The addition of the anchoid sago starch dispersion into NR latex compound also produces better NR latex films mechanical properties (tensile strength: 21.72 MPa; elongation at break: 1269.5%; tear strength: 63.76 MPa) compared to NR latex films with nonyl-phenol sago starch dispersion. These results support the potential of anchoid as dispersing agent for NR latex bio-filler.
mechanical, morphological and swelling properties of WNRL/PS and NRv/PS blends
Carbon-Based Nanofillers and Their Rubber Nanocomposites, 2019
Abstract This chapter introduces fabrication methods for carbon-based rubber nanocomposites. It s... more Abstract This chapter introduces fabrication methods for carbon-based rubber nanocomposites. It starts with a brief introduction to the factors affecting the reinforcing nature of carbon nanofillers required to enhance the properties of rubber nanocomposites. The chapter further describes that carbon-based rubber nanocomposites are mostly fabricated using conventional methods such as solution mixing, latex blending, melt mixing, and hot melt extrusion. A detailed description of solution mixing method using ultrasonic technique, latex mixing and casting, melting by two and three roll mills, and hot melt extrusion, along with their advantages and disadvantages, is also provided. The chapter concludes with a general discussion of the fabrication methods.
Sains Malaysiana, Jun 1, 2015
Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) has been used as a compatibilizer for natural rubber-recycled ... more Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) has been used as a compatibilizer for natural rubber-recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NR/NBRr) blends, vulcanized by sulfur. NBR gloves have excellent resistance to punctures, tear and many types of chemicals, while NR has good physical and mechanical properties. Incorporation of ENR-50 into the rubber blends has improved processability, stiffness, resilience and excellent oil resistance. NR/NBRr blends were prepared by two-roll mill with five different compositions with the ENR-50 content fixed at 10 phr. Cure characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology (SEM) studies were performed to determine the compatibility of NR/NBRr blends in the presence of ENR-50. The cure characteristics showed that NR/NBRr blends with the presence of ENR-50 have lower scorch time (t s2) and cure time (t 90) than NR/NBRr blends without ENR-50. However, the NR/NBRr blends with ENR-50 exhibited higher minimum torque (M L) and maximum torque (M H) which indicated difficult processability of the blends after compatibilization. Incorporation of ENR-50 into NR/NBRr blends improved all the tensile properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break) compared with NR/NBRr blends without ENR-50. The improvement in hardness upon compatibilization is due to an increase in crosslink density. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM images) of the fracture surfaces indicates that, with the addition of ENR-50 in NR/NBRr blends, better adhesion between NR and NBRr was obtained, thus improving the compatibility of NR/NBRr blends.
Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2009
low-density polyethylene; blends; poly(vinyl alcohol); compatibility.
Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2010
... Ismail , H. ; Osman , H. ; Mariatti , M. Effects of natural weathering on properties of recyc... more ... Ismail , H. ; Osman , H. ; Mariatti , M. Effects of natural weathering on properties of recycled newspaper-filled polypropylene (pp)/natural rubber (NR) composites . Polym. Plastics Technol. Eng. 2008 , 47 , 1 11 . [Taylor & Francis Online] View all references ] . Ismail et al. [ 20 20. ...
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015
Sago starch is modified with 1 wt % Poly butyl acrylate (PBA) and Poly ethylene oxide (PEO) monom... more Sago starch is modified with 1 wt % Poly butyl acrylate (PBA) and Poly ethylene oxide (PEO) monomer and 1 wt% of initiator, potassium persulfate (PPS) at temperature 80°C for 2 hours. Modified sago starch is cooled under room temperature for 24 hours prior to Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) compounding process. Results indicates that NRL films with PBA modified sago starch have higher mechanical properties compared to PEO modified sago starch and unmodified sago starch. Swelling test indicates that PEO gives lowest percentage of swelling and crosslink density. This is due to higher reaction probability that produce more closely packed structure with NRL matrix compared to PBA which only improved the compatibility of sago starch particle with rubber matrix. Thus, chemically modified sago starches are preferable to be used as fillers to produce better interaction between fillers and rubber matrix.
EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
The effects of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) as a compatibilizer on the properties of styren... more The effects of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) as a compatibilizer on the properties of styrene butadiene rubber/recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (SBR/NBRr) blends were studied. Styrene butadiene rubber/recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (SBR/NBRr) blends were prepared by two-roll mill with five different compositions (i.e., 85/5/10, 75/ 15/10, 65/25/10, 55/35/10 and 40/50/10), with the ENR-50 content fixed at 10 phr. Cure characteristics, mechanical properties, FTIR analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and morphology (SEM) studies were performed to determine the compatibility of SBR/NBRr blends in the presence of ENR-50. The cure characteristics showed that SBR/ NBRr blends with the presence of ENR-50 have lower scorch time t 2 and cure time t 90 than SBR/NBRr blends without ENR-50. The SBR/NBRr blends with ENR-50 exhibited lower minimum torque (M L) compared with SBR/NBRr blends without ENR-50, which indicates better processability of the blends after compatibilization. However, SBR/NBRr blends with ENR-50 exhibited a higher value of maximum torque (M H) than SBR/NBRr blends without ENR-50. The incorporation of ENR-50 improved the tensile strength and tensile modulus (M100, stress at 100% elongation) of SBR/NBRr blends with ENR-50 compared with SBR/ NBRr blends without ENR-50 at all blend ratios. Nevertheless, the addition of ENR-50 reduced the elongation at break (E b) and rebound resilience of compatibilized SBR/NBRr blends compared with SBR/NBRr without ENR-50. The improvement in hardness upon compatibilization is due to an increase in crosslink density. FTIR analysis showed that ENR-50 is compatible with NBRr through the oxirane group and with SBR through the isoprene group. Differential scanning calorimetry results show an improvement in the compatibility of SBR/NBRr blends with the presence of ENR-50. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fracture surfaces indicates that, with the addition of ENR-50 in SBR/NBRr blends, better adhesion between SBR and NBRr was obtained, thus improving the compatibility of SBR/ NBRr blends.
Materials Today: Proceedings
Iranian Polymer Journal, Sep 12, 2019
This study aims to improve the dispersion of treated calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) in natural rubber... more This study aims to improve the dispersion of treated calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) in natural rubber latex (NRL) films. Ball mill and ultrasonic methods were used to break down the particle size of CaCO 3 , and the combined effect of ball mill/ultrasonic and ultrasonic/ball mill methods with their optimum processing times was applied to re-agglomerate and further break down the particle size of CaCO 3. The particle size and dispersibility of treated CaCO 3 were characterized by particle-size analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Zeta-potential measurement. The particle-size analysis and TEM results revealed that the particle size of CaCO 3 reduced down to 1.4 µm with less agglomeration using ultrasonic for 120 min and ball mill for 72 h. Zeta-potential measurement also indicated that the ultrafine-treated CaCO 3 with a broad particlesize distribution was compatible with NRL particles. The treated CaCO 3 loadings from 5 to 20 phr were filled in the NRL compounds. NRL/CaCO 3 compounds showed decrease in viscosity and cross-link density, but increase in swelling index. It was found that tensile strength, modulus at 100% elongation, elongation-at-break, swelling index, and cross-link density of the films were improved with addition of 10 phr of CaCO 3. At 20 phr of filler loading, the increment rate of tensile strength of NRL/CaCO 3 films was 44% after leaching, and their retention percentage was 62% after heat aging. Therefore, ultrafine CaCO 3-incorporated NRL can withstand under accelerated heat-aging condition.
Materials Today: Proceedings
Polymer Testing, 2005
Paper sludge filled natural rubber composites were prepared by incorporation of different loading... more Paper sludge filled natural rubber composites were prepared by incorporation of different loadings (10–40phr) of paper sludge fillers. Two series of composites were studied, i.e. composites with and without maleic anhydride grafted natural rubber (MANR). Grafting of maleic anhydride onto the natural rubber was done prior to compounding using an internal mixer. The curing characteristics, dynamic properties and tensile properties
NRL (natural rubber latex) films with 0 (control) and 10 phr sago starch loading were buried in c... more NRL (natural rubber latex) films with 0 (control) and 10 phr sago starch loading were buried in compost soil for 4 weeks. The biodegradation assessments were carried out through films WVT (water vapor transmission) and mass loss. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to identify and monitor the properties of rubber degrading organism colonies. Results showed that incorporation of sago starch increased the formation and rates of propagation for microorganism colonies on NRL films with duration of biodegradation. The results also indicate the mechanism of sago starch granules utilization as sole source of energy for microbial growth. The behavior and characteristics of microorganisms involved in NRL films degradation also successfully discussed.
Interests on recycling of rubber products are augmenting due to the serious environmental hazard.... more Interests on recycling of rubber products are augmenting due to the serious environmental hazard. Furthermore, recycling give economic advantages cheaper materials could be produced. Waste natural rubber latex which is usually discharged from factories contains good quality hydrocarbon chain with lightly cross linking which is the main focus in this work. The aim of this research is to develop the waste natural rubber latex (WNRL) and polystyrene (PS) blends using polystyrene-modified natural rubber (SNR) as a compatibilizer. These blends were prepared through melt mixing technique using internal mixer at difference amount loading of SNR. Mechanical properties of blends were compared. It was found that the WNRL and PS blends (WNRL/PS) have improved properties at amount loading 5 phr of SNR. The interfacial adhesion was observed on the morphology of tensile fracture surface by using a digital microscope. The mechanical properties were compared with STR L and PS blends as well.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of sago starch loading on the mechanica... more The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of sago starch loading on the mechanical and biodegradation properties of Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) composites. The sago starch loading for each composite was varied from 5 to 25 phr. Two methods of sago starch additions have been employed in this research. Method A is addition of fillers into the latex prior to pre-vulcanization process at 80°C and Method B is addition of fillers after maturation process followed by stirring process at room temperature for 2 hours. Biodegradation test was carried out by soil burial of NRL composites and withdrawn on weekly basis to investigate the properties of the NRL composites. The results reveal that the NRL composites showed an optimum tensile strength and tear strength at10 phr sago starch loading. The mechanical properties decreased when increased the sago starch loading up to 25 phr due to formation of sago starch agglomeration in the NRL composites. The mechanical properties of NRL composites start to decrease after 2 weeks of soil burial. The biodegradation process was initiated through decomposition of the sago starch by microorganisms through formation of fines cavities which later act as degradation site for the composites.
Journal of Rubber Research, 2022
Seaweed is an abundant and low-cost material that is commonly utilised in food, pharmaceutical, b... more Seaweed is an abundant and low-cost material that is commonly utilised in food, pharmaceutical, bio-fertilizer and other product applications as a gelling agent, thickening or emulsifying substance. However, its application in latex is limited. This research was conducted to evaluate the potential of low industrial-grade seaweed (LIGS) in natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) applications. The NRLF was produced using the Dunlop method at different loadings of potassium oleate (PO) (0.5 and 1.0 phr), diphenylguanide (DPG) (0–0.75 phr) and low industrial-grade seaweed (LIGS) (1–5 phr). The effects of the LIGS loading as a secondary gelling agent in NRLF were investigated. The density, number of cells per unit volume (N), average cell size, and morphology of the NRLF with the incorporation of the LIGS were analysed. It was found that NRLF density increased with the LIGS loading and peaked at 5 phr LIGS. The addition of LIGS has induced the production of smaller foam cells than the cells of the control NRLF. The LIGS could act as a secondary gelling agent in the NRLF with the assistance of DPG. The prepared NRLF with a low chemical content can be applied in plantable seedling medium or biodegradable pot in horticulture or floriculture applications, which is also recommended as an economical alternative for various applications in the current scenario.
Materials Today: Proceedings
International Journal of Current Research in Science, Engineering & Technology, 2018
The incorporation of sago starch into the latex compound will act as bio-filler to accelerate the... more The incorporation of sago starch into the latex compound will act as bio-filler to accelerate the degradation process of natural rubber (NR) latex based product including latex gloves. However, welldispersed of sago starch in NR latex compound is necessary in order to have a better biodegradation of the latex products. In this study, sago starch dispersion was prepared with different types (anchoid and nonyl phenol) and loading percentages (4, 5 and 6 wt.%) of dispersing agent. Results of sago starch dispersion with 5 wt.% loading of anchoid as dispersing agent shown highest zeta potential value (-34.8 mV) and the smallest particle size (531.2 nm). The addition of the anchoid sago starch dispersion into NR latex compound also produces better NR latex films mechanical properties (tensile strength: 21.72 MPa; elongation at break: 1269.5%; tear strength: 63.76 MPa) compared to NR latex films with nonyl-phenol sago starch dispersion. These results support the potential of anchoid as dispersing agent for NR latex bio-filler.
mechanical, morphological and swelling properties of WNRL/PS and NRv/PS blends
Carbon-Based Nanofillers and Their Rubber Nanocomposites, 2019
Abstract This chapter introduces fabrication methods for carbon-based rubber nanocomposites. It s... more Abstract This chapter introduces fabrication methods for carbon-based rubber nanocomposites. It starts with a brief introduction to the factors affecting the reinforcing nature of carbon nanofillers required to enhance the properties of rubber nanocomposites. The chapter further describes that carbon-based rubber nanocomposites are mostly fabricated using conventional methods such as solution mixing, latex blending, melt mixing, and hot melt extrusion. A detailed description of solution mixing method using ultrasonic technique, latex mixing and casting, melting by two and three roll mills, and hot melt extrusion, along with their advantages and disadvantages, is also provided. The chapter concludes with a general discussion of the fabrication methods.
Sains Malaysiana, Jun 1, 2015
Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) has been used as a compatibilizer for natural rubber-recycled ... more Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) has been used as a compatibilizer for natural rubber-recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NR/NBRr) blends, vulcanized by sulfur. NBR gloves have excellent resistance to punctures, tear and many types of chemicals, while NR has good physical and mechanical properties. Incorporation of ENR-50 into the rubber blends has improved processability, stiffness, resilience and excellent oil resistance. NR/NBRr blends were prepared by two-roll mill with five different compositions with the ENR-50 content fixed at 10 phr. Cure characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology (SEM) studies were performed to determine the compatibility of NR/NBRr blends in the presence of ENR-50. The cure characteristics showed that NR/NBRr blends with the presence of ENR-50 have lower scorch time (t s2) and cure time (t 90) than NR/NBRr blends without ENR-50. However, the NR/NBRr blends with ENR-50 exhibited higher minimum torque (M L) and maximum torque (M H) which indicated difficult processability of the blends after compatibilization. Incorporation of ENR-50 into NR/NBRr blends improved all the tensile properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break) compared with NR/NBRr blends without ENR-50. The improvement in hardness upon compatibilization is due to an increase in crosslink density. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM images) of the fracture surfaces indicates that, with the addition of ENR-50 in NR/NBRr blends, better adhesion between NR and NBRr was obtained, thus improving the compatibility of NR/NBRr blends.
Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2009
low-density polyethylene; blends; poly(vinyl alcohol); compatibility.
Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2010
... Ismail , H. ; Osman , H. ; Mariatti , M. Effects of natural weathering on properties of recyc... more ... Ismail , H. ; Osman , H. ; Mariatti , M. Effects of natural weathering on properties of recycled newspaper-filled polypropylene (pp)/natural rubber (NR) composites . Polym. Plastics Technol. Eng. 2008 , 47 , 1 11 . [Taylor & Francis Online] View all references ] . Ismail et al. [ 20 20. ...
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015
Sago starch is modified with 1 wt % Poly butyl acrylate (PBA) and Poly ethylene oxide (PEO) monom... more Sago starch is modified with 1 wt % Poly butyl acrylate (PBA) and Poly ethylene oxide (PEO) monomer and 1 wt% of initiator, potassium persulfate (PPS) at temperature 80°C for 2 hours. Modified sago starch is cooled under room temperature for 24 hours prior to Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) compounding process. Results indicates that NRL films with PBA modified sago starch have higher mechanical properties compared to PEO modified sago starch and unmodified sago starch. Swelling test indicates that PEO gives lowest percentage of swelling and crosslink density. This is due to higher reaction probability that produce more closely packed structure with NRL matrix compared to PBA which only improved the compatibility of sago starch particle with rubber matrix. Thus, chemically modified sago starches are preferable to be used as fillers to produce better interaction between fillers and rubber matrix.
EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
The effects of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) as a compatibilizer on the properties of styren... more The effects of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) as a compatibilizer on the properties of styrene butadiene rubber/recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (SBR/NBRr) blends were studied. Styrene butadiene rubber/recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (SBR/NBRr) blends were prepared by two-roll mill with five different compositions (i.e., 85/5/10, 75/ 15/10, 65/25/10, 55/35/10 and 40/50/10), with the ENR-50 content fixed at 10 phr. Cure characteristics, mechanical properties, FTIR analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and morphology (SEM) studies were performed to determine the compatibility of SBR/NBRr blends in the presence of ENR-50. The cure characteristics showed that SBR/ NBRr blends with the presence of ENR-50 have lower scorch time t 2 and cure time t 90 than SBR/NBRr blends without ENR-50. The SBR/NBRr blends with ENR-50 exhibited lower minimum torque (M L) compared with SBR/NBRr blends without ENR-50, which indicates better processability of the blends after compatibilization. However, SBR/NBRr blends with ENR-50 exhibited a higher value of maximum torque (M H) than SBR/NBRr blends without ENR-50. The incorporation of ENR-50 improved the tensile strength and tensile modulus (M100, stress at 100% elongation) of SBR/NBRr blends with ENR-50 compared with SBR/ NBRr blends without ENR-50 at all blend ratios. Nevertheless, the addition of ENR-50 reduced the elongation at break (E b) and rebound resilience of compatibilized SBR/NBRr blends compared with SBR/NBRr without ENR-50. The improvement in hardness upon compatibilization is due to an increase in crosslink density. FTIR analysis showed that ENR-50 is compatible with NBRr through the oxirane group and with SBR through the isoprene group. Differential scanning calorimetry results show an improvement in the compatibility of SBR/NBRr blends with the presence of ENR-50. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fracture surfaces indicates that, with the addition of ENR-50 in SBR/NBRr blends, better adhesion between SBR and NBRr was obtained, thus improving the compatibility of SBR/ NBRr blends.