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Innovation in Aging, Nov 1, 2019

Innovation in Aging, Nov 1, 2018

Mass marketing scam (MMS) refer to any type of fraud scheme that uses one or more mass-communicat... more Mass marketing scam (MMS) refer to any type of fraud scheme that uses one or more mass-communication technique or technology including the internet to present fraudulent solicitations. These solicitations have been on the rise and are targeting older adults (The United States Department of Justice, 2015). Despite the ubiquitous presence of MMS, little psychological research has been completed to understand the factors involved in the decision to respond to a potentially illegitimate offers. We have begun a program of research designed to identify (1) persuasive techniques employed by the sender, (2) susceptibility factors of the user, (3) implications for older consumers.

Springer eBooks, 1986

Americans are "healing themselves" (Heckler, 1985) and prevention has taken root (McGin... more Americans are "healing themselves" (Heckler, 1985) and prevention has taken root (McGinnis, 1985a). We are altering our lifestyle to reduce physical and mental health risks. Perhaps as important is the fact that the science of prevention is beginning to catch up with the practices of prevention, although some might argue that the popularity of these practices far outstrips sound theoretical and empirical foundations. The chapter authors in this volume examine the theoretical and empirical foundations of many current prevention practices and, where data exist, discuss the status of prevention efforts. Where substantial prevention is not yet on the horizon, the authors attempt to point us in the right direction or at least share with the reader some of the risk factors that should be addressed in our research. We hope that readers will be stimulated to discuss the issues raised, advance the current research, and, where possible, adopt the prevention and health promotion strategies that are supported by sound theoretical and empirical work. This volume can in no way be comprehensive with respect to the current work in prevention; however, we hope that we have provided a sampling of prevention activities and issues that appear together in one volume for perhaps the first time. The primary intent of this volume is modest, and the reader should not attempt to find continuity among the various chapters. The only binding among these contributions is their focus on prevention.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides base knowledge for the readers who are unfamiliar with th... more Publisher Summary This chapter provides base knowledge for the readers who are unfamiliar with the unique characteristics of older adults and a variety of factors that should be taken into consideration when assessing older adults. Projections of age demographics for this century clearly indicate an increase in the proportion of older adults in our society, with individuals 65 years of age and older being the fastest-growing segment of our population. Baby boomers nearing old age will soon tax available mental health resources, as an estimated one-quarter of these individuals will meet diagnostic criteria for mental disorders, and perhaps even more will require services for subsyndromal symptoms. With such growing numbers, it is becoming increasingly likely that the average adult clinician will encounter older-adult clients. It is hoped that the chapter will serve clinicians and students who are seeking a modest overview of older-adult behavioral assessment.

Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, Nov 1, 1988

ABSTRACT

Patient Education and Counseling, Apr 1, 2008

Numerous studies have demonstrated the robustness of the framing effect in a variety of contexts.... more Numerous studies have demonstrated the robustness of the framing effect in a variety of contexts. The present study investigated the effects of a debiasing procedure designed to prevent the framing effect for young adults who made decisions based on hypothetical medical decision-making vignettes. Methods The debiasing technique involved participants listing advantages and disadvantages of each treatment prior to making a choice. One hundred and two undergraduate students read a set of three medical treatment vignettes that presented information in terms of different outcome probabilities under either debiasing or control conditions. Results The framing effect was demonstrated by the control group in two of the three vignettes. The debiasing group successfully avoided the framing effect for both of these vignettes. Conclusion These results further support previous findings of the framing effect as well as an effective debiasing technique. This study improved upon previous framing debiasing studies by including a control group and personal medical scenarios, as well as demonstrating debiasing in a framing condition in which the framing effect was demonstrated without a debiasing procedure. Practice implications The findings suggest a relatively simple manipulation may circumvent the use of decision-making heuristics in patients.

Innovation in Aging, Nov 1, 2018

Precarity is an emerging construct in aging studies; thus, well-established methods to identify t... more Precarity is an emerging construct in aging studies; thus, well-established methods to identify this construct in qualitative research do not yet exist. In quantitative research, scholars of labor studies have recently developed an "employment precarity index", however, a well-validated measure of precarity in aging studies is not yet available. How then do we identify precarity in our data? To move toward the goal of developing a well-validated measure of precarity in aging studies, a first step is a consensus as to how precarity manifests in narratives of study participants, and subsequently in the analysis of transcripts of interviews, focus groups, or fieldnotes. We will therefore examine the construct of precarity as it emerged in data collection and analysis in two qualitative research studies of older adults living alone. Drawing on insights from these studies, we offer a conceptual overview of the experiences of precarity. This overview includes cues to identify markers of precarity in qualitative data collection and analysis. Markers include: experiencing uncertainty, accessing limited appropriate services, valuing independence, and experiencing cumulative pressures. These markers lent a conceptual framework to identify precarity in the data at different levels of analysis. An advantage of this approach is to highlight the role of healthcare providers, social policies, ideologies and the overall system in adverse outcomes (e.g., stress, depression, mortality) of vulnerable older adults.

contemporary Psychology, May 1, 1992

Innovation in Aging, Nov 1, 2019

Aging & Mental Health, Sep 9, 2019

Objective: The Physician's Order for Scope of Treatment (POST) indicates patient preferences rega... more Objective: The Physician's Order for Scope of Treatment (POST) indicates patient preferences regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), levels of care, and fluids/nutrition provision decisions. When patients become incapacitated, 'surrogates' often collaborate with physicians on POST decisions. Surrogates may vary in their willingness to collaborate, which can be problematic when physicians expect shared decision-making. No research has yet investigated collaborative decisionmaking among surrogates on the POST. This study investigated how six psychological variables predicted participants' desires for collaboration when completing an online decision-making task. Methods: Participants served as hypothetical surrogates and made decisions for another person on the three sections of the West Virginia POST. One-hundred-and-seventy-two adults were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Results: The six variables contributed significantly to the prediction of collaborative willingness, F (6, 163) ¼ 5.29, p < .001, R 2 ¼ 0.19. Two variables uniquely contributed: confidence and consideration of future consequences. The model most strongly predicted collaborative willingness for the CPR decision. Conclusion: This study provides a novel examination of under-researched areas: surrogate collaborative willingness and the POST. Differing risks associated with the three POST decisions may influence how surrogates value collaboration. Ways to enhance collaborative willingness when making POST decisions are discussed.

contemporary Psychology, Feb 1, 1998

Psychiatric Services, Aug 1, 1979

VOLUME 30 NUMBER 8 AUGUST 1979 551 ten for the first time, meaningful object relationships and fo... more VOLUME 30 NUMBER 8 AUGUST 1979 551 ten for the first time, meaningful object relationships and form new identifications. The hospital setting provides an auxiliary ego support system that helps the child to better differentiate fantasy from reality and to develop greater ability to delay impulse discharge. It also fosters ego-defensive patterns that will prevent him from being overwhelmed by intense emotions, and it provides object relationships to improve cognitive functioning. In addition, staff members as well as the individual therapist become potential objects of transference reactions. The opportunity to express transference reactions and confficts in an empathic atmosphere can have a positive, therapeutic effect on the child. The essential goals of such acute inpatient treatment are diagnosis of the child's psychopathology and assessment of the environmental and family issues contributing to the child's decompensation, short-term intervention in the parent-child system, and planning for posthospital care. Total amelioration of the child's symptoms or decisive readjustment of family interactions need not be a goal of successful acute hospital care. All the children we have hospitalized were in need of long-term intensive treatment. About 40 per cent of the hospitalized children returned home and continued treatment in outpatient clinics, day treatment programs, or specialeducation programs. The remaining children were admitted to long-term hospital facilities or residential treatment centers.S

Innovation in Aging, Nov 1, 2019

Innovation in Aging, Nov 1, 2018

Mass marketing scam (MMS) refer to any type of fraud scheme that uses one or more mass-communicat... more Mass marketing scam (MMS) refer to any type of fraud scheme that uses one or more mass-communication technique or technology including the internet to present fraudulent solicitations. These solicitations have been on the rise and are targeting older adults (The United States Department of Justice, 2015). Despite the ubiquitous presence of MMS, little psychological research has been completed to understand the factors involved in the decision to respond to a potentially illegitimate offers. We have begun a program of research designed to identify (1) persuasive techniques employed by the sender, (2) susceptibility factors of the user, (3) implications for older consumers.

Springer eBooks, 1986

Americans are "healing themselves" (Heckler, 1985) and prevention has taken root (McGin... more Americans are "healing themselves" (Heckler, 1985) and prevention has taken root (McGinnis, 1985a). We are altering our lifestyle to reduce physical and mental health risks. Perhaps as important is the fact that the science of prevention is beginning to catch up with the practices of prevention, although some might argue that the popularity of these practices far outstrips sound theoretical and empirical foundations. The chapter authors in this volume examine the theoretical and empirical foundations of many current prevention practices and, where data exist, discuss the status of prevention efforts. Where substantial prevention is not yet on the horizon, the authors attempt to point us in the right direction or at least share with the reader some of the risk factors that should be addressed in our research. We hope that readers will be stimulated to discuss the issues raised, advance the current research, and, where possible, adopt the prevention and health promotion strategies that are supported by sound theoretical and empirical work. This volume can in no way be comprehensive with respect to the current work in prevention; however, we hope that we have provided a sampling of prevention activities and issues that appear together in one volume for perhaps the first time. The primary intent of this volume is modest, and the reader should not attempt to find continuity among the various chapters. The only binding among these contributions is their focus on prevention.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides base knowledge for the readers who are unfamiliar with th... more Publisher Summary This chapter provides base knowledge for the readers who are unfamiliar with the unique characteristics of older adults and a variety of factors that should be taken into consideration when assessing older adults. Projections of age demographics for this century clearly indicate an increase in the proportion of older adults in our society, with individuals 65 years of age and older being the fastest-growing segment of our population. Baby boomers nearing old age will soon tax available mental health resources, as an estimated one-quarter of these individuals will meet diagnostic criteria for mental disorders, and perhaps even more will require services for subsyndromal symptoms. With such growing numbers, it is becoming increasingly likely that the average adult clinician will encounter older-adult clients. It is hoped that the chapter will serve clinicians and students who are seeking a modest overview of older-adult behavioral assessment.

Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, Nov 1, 1988

ABSTRACT

Patient Education and Counseling, Apr 1, 2008

Numerous studies have demonstrated the robustness of the framing effect in a variety of contexts.... more Numerous studies have demonstrated the robustness of the framing effect in a variety of contexts. The present study investigated the effects of a debiasing procedure designed to prevent the framing effect for young adults who made decisions based on hypothetical medical decision-making vignettes. Methods The debiasing technique involved participants listing advantages and disadvantages of each treatment prior to making a choice. One hundred and two undergraduate students read a set of three medical treatment vignettes that presented information in terms of different outcome probabilities under either debiasing or control conditions. Results The framing effect was demonstrated by the control group in two of the three vignettes. The debiasing group successfully avoided the framing effect for both of these vignettes. Conclusion These results further support previous findings of the framing effect as well as an effective debiasing technique. This study improved upon previous framing debiasing studies by including a control group and personal medical scenarios, as well as demonstrating debiasing in a framing condition in which the framing effect was demonstrated without a debiasing procedure. Practice implications The findings suggest a relatively simple manipulation may circumvent the use of decision-making heuristics in patients.

Innovation in Aging, Nov 1, 2018

Precarity is an emerging construct in aging studies; thus, well-established methods to identify t... more Precarity is an emerging construct in aging studies; thus, well-established methods to identify this construct in qualitative research do not yet exist. In quantitative research, scholars of labor studies have recently developed an "employment precarity index", however, a well-validated measure of precarity in aging studies is not yet available. How then do we identify precarity in our data? To move toward the goal of developing a well-validated measure of precarity in aging studies, a first step is a consensus as to how precarity manifests in narratives of study participants, and subsequently in the analysis of transcripts of interviews, focus groups, or fieldnotes. We will therefore examine the construct of precarity as it emerged in data collection and analysis in two qualitative research studies of older adults living alone. Drawing on insights from these studies, we offer a conceptual overview of the experiences of precarity. This overview includes cues to identify markers of precarity in qualitative data collection and analysis. Markers include: experiencing uncertainty, accessing limited appropriate services, valuing independence, and experiencing cumulative pressures. These markers lent a conceptual framework to identify precarity in the data at different levels of analysis. An advantage of this approach is to highlight the role of healthcare providers, social policies, ideologies and the overall system in adverse outcomes (e.g., stress, depression, mortality) of vulnerable older adults.

contemporary Psychology, May 1, 1992

Innovation in Aging, Nov 1, 2019

Aging & Mental Health, Sep 9, 2019

Objective: The Physician's Order for Scope of Treatment (POST) indicates patient preferences rega... more Objective: The Physician's Order for Scope of Treatment (POST) indicates patient preferences regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), levels of care, and fluids/nutrition provision decisions. When patients become incapacitated, 'surrogates' often collaborate with physicians on POST decisions. Surrogates may vary in their willingness to collaborate, which can be problematic when physicians expect shared decision-making. No research has yet investigated collaborative decisionmaking among surrogates on the POST. This study investigated how six psychological variables predicted participants' desires for collaboration when completing an online decision-making task. Methods: Participants served as hypothetical surrogates and made decisions for another person on the three sections of the West Virginia POST. One-hundred-and-seventy-two adults were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Results: The six variables contributed significantly to the prediction of collaborative willingness, F (6, 163) ¼ 5.29, p < .001, R 2 ¼ 0.19. Two variables uniquely contributed: confidence and consideration of future consequences. The model most strongly predicted collaborative willingness for the CPR decision. Conclusion: This study provides a novel examination of under-researched areas: surrogate collaborative willingness and the POST. Differing risks associated with the three POST decisions may influence how surrogates value collaboration. Ways to enhance collaborative willingness when making POST decisions are discussed.

contemporary Psychology, Feb 1, 1998

Psychiatric Services, Aug 1, 1979

VOLUME 30 NUMBER 8 AUGUST 1979 551 ten for the first time, meaningful object relationships and fo... more VOLUME 30 NUMBER 8 AUGUST 1979 551 ten for the first time, meaningful object relationships and form new identifications. The hospital setting provides an auxiliary ego support system that helps the child to better differentiate fantasy from reality and to develop greater ability to delay impulse discharge. It also fosters ego-defensive patterns that will prevent him from being overwhelmed by intense emotions, and it provides object relationships to improve cognitive functioning. In addition, staff members as well as the individual therapist become potential objects of transference reactions. The opportunity to express transference reactions and confficts in an empathic atmosphere can have a positive, therapeutic effect on the child. The essential goals of such acute inpatient treatment are diagnosis of the child's psychopathology and assessment of the environmental and family issues contributing to the child's decompensation, short-term intervention in the parent-child system, and planning for posthospital care. Total amelioration of the child's symptoms or decisive readjustment of family interactions need not be a goal of successful acute hospital care. All the children we have hospitalized were in need of long-term intensive treatment. About 40 per cent of the hospitalized children returned home and continued treatment in outpatient clinics, day treatment programs, or specialeducation programs. The remaining children were admitted to long-term hospital facilities or residential treatment centers.S