B. Fournier - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by B. Fournier

Implementation of screening for distress with professional cancer navigators

Oncologie, 2011

Résumé Le dépistage de la détresse est proposé comme une première étape pour optimiser la répons... more Résumé Le dépistage de la détresse est proposé comme une première étape pour optimiser la réponse aux besoins des patients atteints de cancer. Ce changement de pratique peut contribuer à une meilleure coordination des soins, une fonction clé des intervenants pivots en oncologie. Objectif Décrire les perceptions d’acteurs clés face à l’implantation du dépistage de la détresse par des intervenants pivots en

Frontiers of Earth Science, 2013

The middle Yangtze Reach is one of the most developed regions of China. As a result, most lakes i... more The middle Yangtze Reach is one of the most developed regions of China. As a result, most lakes in this area have suffered from eutrophication and serious environmental pollution during recent decades. The aquatic biodiversity in the lakes of the area is thus currently under significant threat from continuous human activities. Testate amoebae (TA) are benthic (rarely planktonic) microorganisms characterized by an agglutinated or autogenous shell. Owing to their high abundance, preservation potential in lacustrine sediments, and distinct response to environmental stress, they are increasingly used as indicators for monitoring water quality and reconstructing palaeoenvironmental changes. However this approach has not yet been developed in China. This study presents an initial assessment of benthic TA assemblages in eight lakes of Lake Donghu in the region of Wuhan, China. Testate amoeba community structure was most strongly correlated to water pH. In more alkaline conditions, communities were dominated by Centropyxis aculeata, Difflugia oblonga, Pontigulasia compressa, P. elisa and Lesquereusia modesta. These results are consistent with previous studies and show that TA could be useful for reconstructing past water pH fluctuations in China. To achieve this, the next step will be to expand the database and build transfer function models.

La Revue de Médecine Interne, 2002

Diverses 16sions cutandes peuvent survenir sur les cicatrices de zona, que le sujet soit immunodd... more Diverses 16sions cutandes peuvent survenir sur les cicatrices de zona, que le sujet soit immunoddprim6 ou non [Langenberg A. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991 ; 24 : 429-33]. Les granulomatoses sent les plus frdquentes ; une dizaine de cas ont 6t6 rapportds au cours de la LLC. Rev Mdd Interne 2002 ; 23 Suppl 2

Syndrome de Sweet extensif satellite d'entérocolopathies : Trois observations

La Revue de Médecine Interne, 2003

Communications affichdes 489s monaire. L'6volution est favorable en 72 h. Les explorations r6alis... more Communications affichdes 489s monaire. L'6volution est favorable en 72 h. Les explorations r6alis6es distance ne retrouvent pas de cardiopathie ni d'atteinte pulmonaire. Compte tenu de la chronologie de survenue de ce choc cardiog6nique s6v~re, le r61e du Subutex ® est probable. Les donn6es de la litt6rature sur les effets secondaires cardiaques li6s au m6susage du Subutex ® sont pauvres et aucun choc cardiog6nique n'est rapport6. Nous discutons la res-ponsabilit6 du Subutex ®dans la survenue de ce choc cardiog6nique et d'autres 6v6nements cardiovasculaires. Communication affichee 190

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2013

Floodplains have been intensively altered in industrialized countries, but are now increasingly b... more Floodplains have been intensively altered in industrialized countries, but are now increasingly being restored. It is therefore important to assess the effect of these restoration projects on the aquatic and terrestrial components of ecosystems. However, despite being functionally crucial components of terrestrial ecosystems, soils are generally overlooked in floodplain restoration assessments.

Assessing floodplain restoration success using soil morphology indicators

Floodplains are complex ecological systems that fulfil different ecological, economic and social ... more Floodplains are complex ecological systems that fulfil different ecological, economic and social functions related to physical, chemical, and biological processes. The fluvial dynamics of most rivers in industrialized countries have been altered to such an extent that floodplains are now one of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide. This adverse impact has been widely recognized and, nowadays, extensive attempts are underway

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2009

Creep-fatigue (CF) tests are carried out on a modified 9 pct Cr-1 pct Mo (P91) steel at 550°C. Th... more Creep-fatigue (CF) tests are carried out on a modified 9 pct Cr-1 pct Mo (P91) steel at 550°C. These CF tests are strain controlled during the cyclic part of the stress-strain hysteresis loop and then load controlled when the stress is maintained at its maximum value, to produce a prescribed value of the creep strain before cyclic deformation is reversed under strain-controlled conditions. The observed cyclic softening implies that the applied creep stress continuously decreases with the number of cycles. However, the minimum creep rates measured at the end of the holding periods do not decrease when the applied stress decreases. The minimum creep rates measured at the end of these tests can be hundreds of times faster than those observed for the asreceived material. This acceleration of creep rates can be to the microstructural coarsening and to the decrease of the dislocation density observed after fatigue and CF loadings. Cyclic creep tests consisting of very long holding periods interrupted by unloading/reloading are also carried out. These results suggest that cyclic loadings affect the creep lifetime and flow behavior only if a plastic strain is applied during cycling. Creep tests carried out on a material cyclically prestrained and fatigue tests carried out on a material previously deformed in creep confirm that the deterioration of the mechanical properties is much faster in fatigue and CF compared to creep.

Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2011

The present article compares the cyclic behaviour of various 9-12%Cr steels, both commercial grad... more The present article compares the cyclic behaviour of various 9-12%Cr steels, both commercial grades and optimized materials (in terms of creep strength). These materials were subjected to high temperature fatigue and creep-fatigue loadings. TEM examinations of the microstructure after cyclic loadings were also carried out. It appears that all the tempered ferritic-martensitic steels suffer from a cyclic softening effect linked to the coarsening of the subgrains and laths and to the decrease of the dislocation density. These changes of the microstructure lead to a drastic loss in creep strength for all the materials under study. However, due to a better precipitation state, several materials optimized for their creep strength still present a good creep resistance after cyclic softening. These results are discussed and compared to the literature in terms of the physical mechanisms responsible for cyclic and creep deformation at the microstructural scale. (B. Fournier). related dislocation glide and climb. Indeed such modifications of the microstrcuture are not observed after pure ageing [9,10]. Different obstacles hinder the dislocation motion such as LABs or high-angle boundaries (HABs), the other dislocations, large precipitates such as the M 23 C 6 (and Laves phases after long term creep tests), mainly at HABs , small precipitates such as the MX (NbC, NbN, VC, VN) [12] and the solid solution elements (Mo, W) . These kinds of microstructural features are present within the standard commercial steels, Grade 91 (P91) and Grade 92 (P92). Their creep resistance is close although the P92 steel is a bit more resistant. The large precipitates (diameter of about 100 nm) are usually located at the LABs and HABs and are supposed to pin the boundaries. The smaller precipitates (diameter of a few 10 nm) are usually homogeneously distributed, in the subgrain interiors as well as along the boundaries. As for the solid solution, they could reduce the mobility of the subgrain dislocations and boundaries. During the last ten years, additional material improvements have led to more resistant ferritic-martensitic steels. The reduction of the carbon concentration leads to the dispersion of fine MX precipitates along boundaries whereas the increase in the boron concentration leads to a reduced growth of the M 23 C 6 which thus pin more efficiently the boundaries during creep . This way, the minimum creep strain rate can be reduced by one order of magnitude leading to a lifetime longer by one order of magnitude. This is expected since the same Monkmann-Grant curve seems to be valid for almost all ferritic-martensitic steels and for a large temperature range . This can be explained by the simulation of the necking process combined with creep-induced material softening . The addition of nitrogen and tungsten leads to the formation of 0921-5093/$ -see front matter

Materials at High Temperatures, 2010

a b s t r a c t 9-12%Cr creep-resistant ferritic-martensitic steels are candidates for structural... more a b s t r a c t 9-12%Cr creep-resistant ferritic-martensitic steels are candidates for structural components of Generation IV nuclear power plants. However, they are sensitive to softening during low-cycle fatigue, creep and creep-fatigue tests, due to the destabilisation of the tempered martensite microstructure, possibly inducing a decrease in further creep resistance. To better identify the softening mechanisms in P92 steel during uniaxial deformation, tensile tests were carried out at 823 K, showing an extended and stable softening stage on true stress-strain curves after some work-hardening. Three phenomena were studied in order to understand this behaviour: mechanical instability (necking), damage and grain size evolution. Examination of fractured and non-fractured tensile specimens (light optical and electron microscopy, macrohardness) suggested that the physical mechanisms responsible for softening are mainly (sub)grain size evolution and diffuse necking. Models were proposed to predict grain growth and beginning of the mechanical instability during homogeneous deformation.

Mechanical Properties of ASR-Affected Concrete Containing Fine or Coarse Reactive Aggregates

Journal of ASTM International, 2006

ABSTRACT

Application of the generalized lambda distributions in a statistical process control methodology

Journal of Process Control, 2006

... [18] used the normal power family, Lin and Chou [19] the Burr distribution and Johnson [20] i... more ... [18] used the normal power family, Lin and Chou [19] the Burr distribution and Johnson [20] introduced the use of Johnson's family in capability analysis. ... For more details, the reader should refer to the recent monograph written by Karian and Dudewicz [31]. ...

Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011

The 2008-2009 work programme of the European research project on nano-structured oxide dispersion... more The 2008-2009 work programme of the European research project on nano-structured oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) reduced activation ferritic (RAF) steels is being organized along the four following programmatic lines: (1) improve the present generation of nano-structured ODS RAF steels; (2) start the industrial fabrication of the present generation of nano-structured ODS RAF steels; (3) develop an optimised generation of nano-structured and nano-grained ODS RAF steels; (4) investigate the stability of present and optimised generation of nano-structured ODS RAF steels under creep and irradiation. This paper presents the main objectives of current R&D activities being performed within the European research project on nano-structured ODS RAF steels, the main obtained results and the main future activities in the case of the four programmatic lines mentioned just above.

International Journal of Fatigue, 2010

A physically-based model has been proposed in a previous study to predict the creep-fatigue lifet... more A physically-based model has been proposed in a previous study to predict the creep-fatigue lifetime of P91 steel which is of the 9-12%Cr steels family [1]. The present study applies this model to three other different 9-12%Cr martensitic steels P92, Ti1, and VY2. All these materials were tested under pure fatigue conditions. Whereas for a P92 steel, the experimental lifetimes are very close to those of the P91 steel, the two other steels present a significantly shorter fatigue and creep-fatigue lifetime. First the damage mechanisms were observed on these three materials and compared to those identified on P91. Taking into account the increased cracks density and the grain size effect on crack initiation, the model is able to account quite accurately for these different fatigue and creep-fatigue lifetimes.

International Journal of Fatigue, 2008

A model devoted to the prediction of the high temperature creep-fatigue lifetime of modified 9Cr-... more A model devoted to the prediction of the high temperature creep-fatigue lifetime of modified 9Cr-1Mo martensitic steels is proposed. This model is built on the basis of the physical mechanisms responsible for damage due to the interaction of creep, fatigue and oxidation. These mechanisms were identified thanks to detailed observations previously reported in part I and part II of this study. These observations led to the distinction of two main domains, corresponding to two distinct types of interaction between creep, fatigue and oxidation. As no intergranular creep damage can be observed in the tested loading range, the proposed modelling consists in the prediction of the number of cycles necessary for the initiation and the propagation of transgranular fatigue cracks. Propagation rate measurements under high stress low-cycle fatigue conditions were carried out to calibrate the Tomkins model used to predict the life spent in crack propagation, whereas the initiation stage is predicted using the model proposed by Tanaka and Mura. The predictions obtained compare very favorably with the experimental creep-fatigue lifetimes. Finally the extrapolations and limits of the model are discussed.

Application of Lambda Distributions and Bootstrap analysis to the prediction of fatigue lifetime and confidence intervals

International Journal of Fatigue, 2006

Dealing with fatigue lifetime prediction, this paper aims to report on a new statistical method c... more Dealing with fatigue lifetime prediction, this paper aims to report on a new statistical method combining the Lambda Distributions and the Bootstrap technique. This method is first applied for determining the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the C and n coefficients in the Paris relationship of a fatigue crack propagation curve. Then, introducing the initial crack&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s length distribution, the fatigue

Can soil testate amoebae be used for estimating the time since death? A field experiment in a deciduous forest

Forensic Science International, 2014

Estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI, the time interval between death and recovery of a bo... more Estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI, the time interval between death and recovery of a body) can be crucial in solving criminal cases. Today minimum PMI calculations rely mainly on medical and entomological evidence. However, beyond 4-6 weeks even entomological methods become less accurate. Thus additional tools are needed. Cadaveric fluids released by decomposing cadavers modify the soil environment and thus impact soil organisms, which may thus be used to estimate the PMI. Although the response of bacteria or fungi to the presence of a corpse has been studied, to the best of our knowledge nothing is known about other soil organisms. Testate amoebae, a group of shelled protozoa, are sensitive bioindicators of soil physico-chemical and micro-climatic conditions and are therefore good potential PMI indicators. We investigated the response of testate amoebae to three decomposing pig cadavers, and compared the pattern to two controls each, bare soils and fake cadavers, in a beach-oak forest near Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Forest litter samples collected in the three treatments over 10 months were analysed by microscopy. The pig treatment significantly impacted the testate amoeba community: after 22 and 33 days no living amoeba remained underneath the pig cadavers. Communities subsequently recovered but 10 months after the beginning of the experiment recovery was not complete. The fake cadavers also influenced the testate amoeba communities by altering the soil microclimate during a dry hot period, but less than the cadavers. These results confirm the sensitivity of soil testate amoebae to micro-climatic conditions and show that they respond fast to the presence of cadavers - and that this effect although decreasing over time lasts for months, possibly several years. This study therefore confirms that soil protozoa could potentially be useful as forensic indicators, especially in cases with a longer PMI.

Comments on the Mixture Detection Rule Used in SPC Control Charts

Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, 2007

When calculating independently the false alarm rate of the eight usual runs rules used in SPC con... more When calculating independently the false alarm rate of the eight usual runs rules used in SPC control chart, it appears that the proposed rule designed to detect mixture patterns corresponds to a Type-I error strongly lower than the seven other rules. This discrepancy is underlined and the mixture rule is showed to be useless both for in-control and out-of-control processes.

Cement and Concrete Research, 2003

Concrete cylinders, 255 mm in diameter, were made with high-and low-alkali cements, a highly alka... more Concrete cylinders, 255 mm in diameter, were made with high-and low-alkali cements, a highly alkali -silica-reactive coarse aggregate, and subjected to various conditions at 38°C: (1) immersion in 3% NaCl solution; (2) immersion in 6% NaCl solution; (3) humid air at 100% RH, and (4) 14-day cycles including 12 days in humid air, 2 days of drying, and 3 h in 6% NaCl solution. After 1 year, a number of cylinders were drilled to obtain dry powder samples from different depths, which were analyzed for total and soluble chloride and for soluble sodium and potassium. Concrete cores were also taken in a number of parapets and abutments, either exposed to deicing salts or not, on which chemical analyses were also performed on slices taken at different depths from the exposed surface. The results obtained suggest that making concrete with a low-alkali content is an effective way to prevent expansion due to alkali -silica reaction even for concretes exposed to seawater or deicing salts; this is attributed to the fact that the OH À ion concentration in the pore solution, and then the pH, is decreased in the near-surface layers of concrete exposed to sodium chloride, which does not penetrate at depth in concrete. D