BILAL KAREEM - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by BILAL KAREEM

Research paper thumbnail of The Influence of Temporal Logic on Finite Automata

Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ)

The theory of automata combines ideas from engineering, linguistics, mathematics, philosophy, etc... more The theory of automata combines ideas from engineering, linguistics, mathematics, philosophy, etc. The Entscheidungsproblem asks if it is possible to design a series of steps that replaces a mathematician. An automaton is an abstract machine that processes data. C. Shannon's theory is today's most popular despite having no relationship with the other. The Kt system is called "minimal" because it makes no assumptions about the structure of time. In LKt, we have four monary temporal operators, F, P, G and H, which are mutually interdefinable. Interdefinability means that we will pass logic in the future is the same as saying I will never fail logic, interpreting not passing logic as failing logic. The minimal system syntax of temporal logic introduces operators that have the property of being defined in terms of others. Modal logic studies the reasoning that involves the use of expressions "necessarily" and "possibly". In this article, we will represent through a finite automaton the temporal logic formula Fp. It allows us to see an acceptance pattern for Fp by considering two variables: p and q. Kt's axiomatic system of time expresses the idea that both the present and the past are fixed, if it has always been in the past that it will be some time in the future that p is now. No philosophical argument supports deterministic time flow; the logic of time must be open.Temporal logic has revived many old problems, from the Megaric-Stoics to the minimal system of temporal logic. Our work suggests that the future operators of system Kt follow an evaluation pattern, but we must be cautious because this pattern can only apply to models whose time flow is based on instants and precedence relations.

Research paper thumbnail of Formal verification of a UPPAALbased garage control system

One of our society's major issues is citizen insecurity. Many homes currently lack a control syst... more One of our society's major issues is citizen insecurity. Many homes currently lack a control system that allows them to operate an automatic garage door. Liftgate automation raises the issue of access security and system control. Because an intruder can corrupt the system and gain access to it. In other cases, opening and closing the door can result in an accident. Faced with this challenge, the goal is to create and test a system with formal specifications for controlling and accessing automatic sliding doors using UPPAAL. This system aims to ensure the system's proper operation and the safety of the environment that surrounds the sliding doors.

Research paper thumbnail of model checking

Eurasian Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2022

For verification purposes, the transition system model of the system under consideration needs t... more For verification purposes, the transition system model of the system under consideration
needs to be accompanied with a specification of the property of interest that is to be
verified. This chapter introduces some important, though relatively simple, classes of
properties. These properties are formally defined and basic model-checking algorithms
are presented to check such properties in an automated manner. This chapter focuses on
linear-time behavior and establishes relations between the different classes of properties
and trace behavior. Elementary forms of fairness are introduced and compared

Research paper thumbnail of Estimating the Impact of Financial Sector Development in Reducing Unemployment in Chile (1991-2017)

Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of An integrative negotiation model to deal with conflicts toward water resources management: a case study in Brazil

Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2021

An integrative negotiation model is proposed so that watershed committees (WSC) can deal better w... more An integrative negotiation model is proposed so that watershed committees (WSC) can deal better with conflicts over alternatives for protecting water resources from pollution and overcoming water shortages by, for example, making conscious use of water and soil, introducing best agricultural practices, and recovering riparian forest. All of these have an impact on the hydrological cycle and the health of the basin. The proposed model consists of three phases: pre-negotiation, negotiation, and post-negotiation. In the pre-negotiation phase, an approach that extends value focused thinking to situations that involve a group is applied to provide WSC members (representatives from different segments of society) with the opportunity to think creatively about their values, objectives, attributes, and also to generate alternatives that integrate their perspectives and encourage collaboration for the efficient and sustainable use of water. In the negotiation phase, multi-objective optimization models and the global criterion method (GCM) are used so as to select sets of alternatives and to allocate them among the representatives of the WSC. Also, GCM is proposed as a new way of scoring proposals in the bargaining process. Finally, in the post-negotiation phase, the agreement on implementing alternatives is formalized. A realistic case study based on the WSC of the Pajeú River in northeastern Brazil is presented to illustrate the use of the proposed model and the results show the compromise solution between the segments. This study advances the understanding of negotiating alternatives for preserving water resources from a proactive perspective and also enhances users’ ability to use this model to resolve conflicts in other hydrographic basins worldwide.

Research paper thumbnail of The Influence of Temporal Logic on Finite Automata

Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ)

The theory of automata combines ideas from engineering, linguistics, mathematics, philosophy, etc... more The theory of automata combines ideas from engineering, linguistics, mathematics, philosophy, etc. The Entscheidungsproblem asks if it is possible to design a series of steps that replaces a mathematician. An automaton is an abstract machine that processes data. C. Shannon's theory is today's most popular despite having no relationship with the other. The Kt system is called "minimal" because it makes no assumptions about the structure of time. In LKt, we have four monary temporal operators, F, P, G and H, which are mutually interdefinable. Interdefinability means that we will pass logic in the future is the same as saying I will never fail logic, interpreting not passing logic as failing logic. The minimal system syntax of temporal logic introduces operators that have the property of being defined in terms of others. Modal logic studies the reasoning that involves the use of expressions "necessarily" and "possibly". In this article, we will represent through a finite automaton the temporal logic formula Fp. It allows us to see an acceptance pattern for Fp by considering two variables: p and q. Kt's axiomatic system of time expresses the idea that both the present and the past are fixed, if it has always been in the past that it will be some time in the future that p is now. No philosophical argument supports deterministic time flow; the logic of time must be open.Temporal logic has revived many old problems, from the Megaric-Stoics to the minimal system of temporal logic. Our work suggests that the future operators of system Kt follow an evaluation pattern, but we must be cautious because this pattern can only apply to models whose time flow is based on instants and precedence relations.

Research paper thumbnail of Formal verification of a UPPAALbased garage control system

One of our society's major issues is citizen insecurity. Many homes currently lack a control syst... more One of our society's major issues is citizen insecurity. Many homes currently lack a control system that allows them to operate an automatic garage door. Liftgate automation raises the issue of access security and system control. Because an intruder can corrupt the system and gain access to it. In other cases, opening and closing the door can result in an accident. Faced with this challenge, the goal is to create and test a system with formal specifications for controlling and accessing automatic sliding doors using UPPAAL. This system aims to ensure the system's proper operation and the safety of the environment that surrounds the sliding doors.

Research paper thumbnail of model checking

Eurasian Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2022

For verification purposes, the transition system model of the system under consideration needs t... more For verification purposes, the transition system model of the system under consideration
needs to be accompanied with a specification of the property of interest that is to be
verified. This chapter introduces some important, though relatively simple, classes of
properties. These properties are formally defined and basic model-checking algorithms
are presented to check such properties in an automated manner. This chapter focuses on
linear-time behavior and establishes relations between the different classes of properties
and trace behavior. Elementary forms of fairness are introduced and compared

Research paper thumbnail of Estimating the Impact of Financial Sector Development in Reducing Unemployment in Chile (1991-2017)

Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of An integrative negotiation model to deal with conflicts toward water resources management: a case study in Brazil

Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2021

An integrative negotiation model is proposed so that watershed committees (WSC) can deal better w... more An integrative negotiation model is proposed so that watershed committees (WSC) can deal better with conflicts over alternatives for protecting water resources from pollution and overcoming water shortages by, for example, making conscious use of water and soil, introducing best agricultural practices, and recovering riparian forest. All of these have an impact on the hydrological cycle and the health of the basin. The proposed model consists of three phases: pre-negotiation, negotiation, and post-negotiation. In the pre-negotiation phase, an approach that extends value focused thinking to situations that involve a group is applied to provide WSC members (representatives from different segments of society) with the opportunity to think creatively about their values, objectives, attributes, and also to generate alternatives that integrate their perspectives and encourage collaboration for the efficient and sustainable use of water. In the negotiation phase, multi-objective optimization models and the global criterion method (GCM) are used so as to select sets of alternatives and to allocate them among the representatives of the WSC. Also, GCM is proposed as a new way of scoring proposals in the bargaining process. Finally, in the post-negotiation phase, the agreement on implementing alternatives is formalized. A realistic case study based on the WSC of the Pajeú River in northeastern Brazil is presented to illustrate the use of the proposed model and the results show the compromise solution between the segments. This study advances the understanding of negotiating alternatives for preserving water resources from a proactive perspective and also enhances users’ ability to use this model to resolve conflicts in other hydrographic basins worldwide.