B. Kosmowski - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by B. Kosmowski

Research paper thumbnail of Raman investigation of sol-derived hybrid polymers for optoelectronics

Research paper thumbnail of Raman system for on-line monitoring and optimisation of hybrid polymer gelation

Opto-Electronics Review

Authors designed and built a Raman spectroscopic system for non-invasive, remote, on-line monitor... more Authors designed and built a Raman spectroscopic system for non-invasive, remote, on-line monitoring of gelation, which is the first step of a sol-gel process used for synthesis of hybrid polymers for photonics. The system was connected with typical glass reaction vessel. Suitable design of an optical system reduced excitation of interfering Raman signal in the wall of the reactor. Application of two excitation wavelengths reduced influence of fluorescence on measurements and provided high efficiency of the Raman system in wide range extending from 200 to 3500 cm–1. Synthesised materials were based on silane precursors having epoxy and amino functionality. Raman spectroscopy enabled strict control over molecular structure of the materials during the polymerization process. Time and efficiency of monomers hydrolysis were measured. Products of this reaction were evaluated. The obtained data enabled us optimisation of the process parameters which ensured high efficiency of hydrolysis a...

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of local polarization properties of PLZT ceramics by PS-OCT

The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 2008

. An Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an intensively evolving optical measurement technique... more . An Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an intensively evolving optical measurement technique, which is based on white light interferomentry. The advantages of the OCT make possible to applied it in non-contact and non-destructive examination of highly scattering materials structure. Our research has been concentrated on ceramics materials examination using OCT with polarization sensitive analysis PS-OCT. In this paper we present a designed PS-OCT system setup and the experimental results of investigation the PLZT ceramics using PS-OCT system and brief discussion on PS-OCT measurement capabilities for ceramic materials investigation and local birefringence determination.

Research paper thumbnail of Raman investigation of hybrid polymer thin films

Raman spectroscopic studies were carried out for hybrid polymer thin films prepared for photonic ... more Raman spectroscopic studies were carried out for hybrid polymer thin films prepared for photonic applications by the sol-gel technology. Our aims were to analyse the ability of the Raman method to estimate the efficiency of the main reactions of the sol-gel process and to provide information about the chemical composition of the films as well as their thickness, profile, and

Research paper thumbnail of Polarimetric sensor for weigh-in motion of road vehicles

Opto-electronics Review, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Application of polarisation-maintaining side-hole fibres to direct force measurement

The use of single mode polarization-maintaining side-hole (SMPM-SH) fibres for direct measurement... more The use of single mode polarization-maintaining side-hole (SMPM-SH) fibres for direct measurement of transverse force has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Based on the results of a qualitative analysis of stress distribution in such a fi-bre, it was predicted that SMPM-SH fibres can exhibit higher sensitivity to transverse force than a standard SMPM fibre. The modelling of two types of SMPM-SH fibres with bow-tie and round holes was conducted using finite element method and modified coupled-mode method. It showed that while there is a marked increase of the sensitivity for the SMPM-SH fibre with bow-tie holes, the sensitivity of the SMPM-SH fibre with round holes can be even lower than that of a standard SMPM fibre. Subsequently, in an experiment, which to the authors' knowledge is the first application of SMPM-SH fibres to direct transverse force measurement, the sensitivity of an SMPM-SH fibre with bow-tie holes was measured. Measurement results agreed well with ...

Research paper thumbnail of Optyczna tomografia niskokoherentna w badaniach obiektów technicznych

Research paper thumbnail of Multiplexed TN-LCD's in the Coloured Negative Contrast Mode for Automotive Use

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1985

Research paper thumbnail of Colorimetric study of the post-processing effect due to pulsed laser cleaning of paper

Optica …, 2004

The effect of pulsed laser radiation applied for surface cleaning of historical paper samples fro... more The effect of pulsed laser radiation applied for surface cleaning of historical paper samples from the 17th c. and also samples of newly made paper was investigated by means of measurement of the colorimetric parameters: lightness L*, chromaticity C* and yellowness G. For production of the new paper samples the same method and material (linters cellulose) as used in the past were adopted. An artificial sample contamination was simulated by a mixture of charcoal powder with dust. Surface cleaning was performed by means of a Nd:YAG laser (6 ns pulsewidth) at wavelengths from UV, visible, and near IR ranges (355, 532, and 1064 nm). The laser fluence was selected from the range between the ablation and damage thresholds (0.3-0.9 J/cm 2) of the substrate materials. The absolute differences ∆L*, ∆C* and ∆G indicate that the smallest changes of the original color parameters and the most effective surface cleaning occurred at 532 nm. Artificial aging equivalent to periods of 25 and 50 years resulted in negligible changes of the L* and G values of laser cleaned, laboratory soiled samples, while for non-soiled samples a marked enhancement of the surface darkening with time was observed. Changes in L*, C*, and G after the laser treatment at 355 nm and 1064 nm are ascribed to the photochemical damage of the cellulose fibers and to enhanced absorption of the laser radiation by soil particles.

Research paper thumbnail of Liquid crystal display unit for reconfigurable instrument for automotive

ABSTRACT Nowadays, the car drivers are faced with a rapidly increasing flood of information. In a... more ABSTRACT Nowadays, the car drivers are faced with a rapidly increasing flood of information. In addition to established information systems (car radio, vehicle monitoring, mobile phones), high class vehicles feature navigation systems almost as standard. In the current decade, driver assistance and collision avoidance systems will appear in vehicles. Hence, there is an increasing demand for supplying the driver with more information that helps him to drive safer and more economical. The price decline in the computer market and the availability of powerful graphic hardware and software concepts make it possible to enhance the classical functions of the instrument board to an interactive multifunctional information panel – an interface between in-formation systems of the car and the driver. Therefore, the question of additional visual and cognitive stress, and a possible distraction of the driver by the large amount of information, and its complexity becomes predominant. Reconfigurable instru-ments, based on a microprocessor controlled active matrix colour display, provide a powerful alternative to the usual me-chanical/electromechanical instrument clusters in vehicles. They will help to strengthen passive safety, they adapt to user and situation requirements, and they are easy to install, to configure, and to maintain. Reconfigurable instruments in future cars will have a high impact on traffic since they can provide the driver with much more information, presenting it in a way that is flexibly matched to the importance of particular data and to the ergonomic properties of the driver. The functions are manifold and span from classical driver information like speed to navigation prompts and ultimately to video and multime-dia access.

Research paper thumbnail of Optimization of the TN-Display System for Car Application by Use of Colour Representation

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1984

Research paper thumbnail of Colorimetric evaluation of display performance

The development of information techniques, using new technologies, physical phenomena and coding ... more The development of information techniques, using new technologies, physical phenomena and coding schemes, enables new application areas to be benefited form the introduction of displays. The full utilization of the visual perception of a human operator, requires the color coding process to be implemented. The evolution of displays, from achromatic (B&W) and monochromatic, to multicolor and full-color, enhances the possibilities of information coding, creating however a need for the quantitative methods of display parameter assessment. Quantitative assessment of color displays, restricted to photometric measurements of their parameters, is an estimate leading to considerable errors. Therefore, the measurements of a display's color properties have to be based on spectral measurements of the display and its elements. The quantitative assessment of the display system parameters should be made using colorimetric systems like CIE1931, CIE1976 LAB or LUV. In the paper, the constraints...

Research paper thumbnail of Theoretical and experimental investigation of Optical Coherent Tomography topologies

Journal De Physique Iv, 2006

Optical Coherent Tomography is a measurement technique, which enables us to visualize the interna... more Optical Coherent Tomography is a measurement technique, which enables us to visualize the internal structure of the investigated object with very high resolution. In OCT systems on order to detect the measured signal the measurement techniques such as: optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) and optical low-coherent reflectometry (OLCR), are employed. In both methods it is necessary to use at least

Research paper thumbnail of <title>Application of computer-assisted modified coupled-mode method for the design of polarimetric sensors</title>

ABSTRACT A method for modeling of multiply purturbed fibers was developed as an extension to the ... more ABSTRACT A method for modeling of multiply purturbed fibers was developed as an extension to the modified coupled-mode method. Being based on numerical solution of coupled mode equations, the method is not limited in the scope of its applications to the cases in which coupling coefficients are constant along the fiber. Short computation time was achieved as a result of modification to the solved coupled-mode equations. Presented method was developed as a design tool for polarimetric optical fiber sensors. The use of the method is demonstrated on an example of a twisted single-mode elliptic-core fiber subjected to pure bending. Moreover, it was shown that the presented method can be also applied to visibility calculation in polarimetric sensors using polychromatic sources.

Research paper thumbnail of <title>Interferometric optical fiber sensors with active stabilization of the operating point using a tunable semiconductor laser</title>

Optical fiber force sensors using Michelson interferometer and a tunable external cavity semicond... more Optical fiber force sensors using Michelson interferometer and a tunable external cavity semiconductor lase rsource are investigated in order to develop a sensor whose operating point is actively stabilized by the change of the source wavelength. Two configurations of such sensros are briefly discussed, and their advantages are compared. Based on presented results a sensor was built and tested. The sensor employs an indirect force transducer in which the force acting on it is converted into hydrostatic pressure which is subsequently measured. The sensor exhibits good linearity. Its bandwidth is currently limited by the tuning speed of the laser and can be extended by increasing the tuning speed of the laser.

Research paper thumbnail of <title>An optical low-coherence system for 2-dimensional visualization of thin polymer layers</title>

Research paper thumbnail of <title>The influence of splicing misalignment on the performance of polarimetric sensors</title>

Optoelectronic and Electronic Sensors V, 2003

ABSTRACT The influence of splicing inaccuracy of fiber segments of polarimetric sensors on visibi... more ABSTRACT The influence of splicing inaccuracy of fiber segments of polarimetric sensors on visibility of polarization modes interfering at the sensor output was investigated. Two types of sensors were analyzed using Jones matrix formalism: one with single and one with double temperature compensation.

Research paper thumbnail of <title>Polarization state analysis in optical coherence tomography</title>

Research paper thumbnail of Non-Destructive Inspection of Anti-Corrosion Protective Coatings Using Optical Coherent Tomography

Metrology and Measurement Systems, 2012

Non-Destructive Inspection of Anti-Corrosion Protective Coatings Using Optical Coherent Tomograph... more Non-Destructive Inspection of Anti-Corrosion Protective Coatings Using Optical Coherent Tomography Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is one of the most rapidly advancing techniques. This method is capable of non-contact and non-destructive investigation of the inner structure of a broad range of materials. Compared with other methods which belong to the NDE/NDT group (Non-Destructive Evaluation/Non-Destructive Testing methods), OCT is capable of a broad range of scattering material structure visualization. Such a non-invasive and versatile method is very demanded by the industry. The authors applied the OCT method to examine the corrosion process in metal samples coated by polymer films. The main aim of the research was the evaluation of the anti-corrosion protective coatings using the OCT method. The tested samples were exposed to a harsh environment. The OCT measurements have been taken at different stages of the samples degradation. The research and tests results have been prese...

Research paper thumbnail of Spectroscopic analysis for polarization sensitive optical coherent tomography

Photonics Letters of Poland, 2011

Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherent Tomography (PS-OCT) is a novel optical method to examine ... more Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherent Tomography (PS-OCT) is a novel optical method to examine a broad range of scattering materials. PS-OCT is an extension of OCT systems, which enables cross-sectional visualization of the device inner structure, as well as analysis of the polarization state of light backscattered from particular points inside the tested device. Polarization sensitive analysis is a very useful tool in OCT measurements. However, it brings a number of problems referring to measurement signal processing, birefringence changes of the investigated sample over the spectral width of a broadband light source. In this paper these problems have been discussed and possible solutions have been given.

Research paper thumbnail of Raman investigation of sol-derived hybrid polymers for optoelectronics

Research paper thumbnail of Raman system for on-line monitoring and optimisation of hybrid polymer gelation

Opto-Electronics Review

Authors designed and built a Raman spectroscopic system for non-invasive, remote, on-line monitor... more Authors designed and built a Raman spectroscopic system for non-invasive, remote, on-line monitoring of gelation, which is the first step of a sol-gel process used for synthesis of hybrid polymers for photonics. The system was connected with typical glass reaction vessel. Suitable design of an optical system reduced excitation of interfering Raman signal in the wall of the reactor. Application of two excitation wavelengths reduced influence of fluorescence on measurements and provided high efficiency of the Raman system in wide range extending from 200 to 3500 cm–1. Synthesised materials were based on silane precursors having epoxy and amino functionality. Raman spectroscopy enabled strict control over molecular structure of the materials during the polymerization process. Time and efficiency of monomers hydrolysis were measured. Products of this reaction were evaluated. The obtained data enabled us optimisation of the process parameters which ensured high efficiency of hydrolysis a...

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of local polarization properties of PLZT ceramics by PS-OCT

The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 2008

. An Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an intensively evolving optical measurement technique... more . An Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an intensively evolving optical measurement technique, which is based on white light interferomentry. The advantages of the OCT make possible to applied it in non-contact and non-destructive examination of highly scattering materials structure. Our research has been concentrated on ceramics materials examination using OCT with polarization sensitive analysis PS-OCT. In this paper we present a designed PS-OCT system setup and the experimental results of investigation the PLZT ceramics using PS-OCT system and brief discussion on PS-OCT measurement capabilities for ceramic materials investigation and local birefringence determination.

Research paper thumbnail of Raman investigation of hybrid polymer thin films

Raman spectroscopic studies were carried out for hybrid polymer thin films prepared for photonic ... more Raman spectroscopic studies were carried out for hybrid polymer thin films prepared for photonic applications by the sol-gel technology. Our aims were to analyse the ability of the Raman method to estimate the efficiency of the main reactions of the sol-gel process and to provide information about the chemical composition of the films as well as their thickness, profile, and

Research paper thumbnail of Polarimetric sensor for weigh-in motion of road vehicles

Opto-electronics Review, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Application of polarisation-maintaining side-hole fibres to direct force measurement

The use of single mode polarization-maintaining side-hole (SMPM-SH) fibres for direct measurement... more The use of single mode polarization-maintaining side-hole (SMPM-SH) fibres for direct measurement of transverse force has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Based on the results of a qualitative analysis of stress distribution in such a fi-bre, it was predicted that SMPM-SH fibres can exhibit higher sensitivity to transverse force than a standard SMPM fibre. The modelling of two types of SMPM-SH fibres with bow-tie and round holes was conducted using finite element method and modified coupled-mode method. It showed that while there is a marked increase of the sensitivity for the SMPM-SH fibre with bow-tie holes, the sensitivity of the SMPM-SH fibre with round holes can be even lower than that of a standard SMPM fibre. Subsequently, in an experiment, which to the authors' knowledge is the first application of SMPM-SH fibres to direct transverse force measurement, the sensitivity of an SMPM-SH fibre with bow-tie holes was measured. Measurement results agreed well with ...

Research paper thumbnail of Optyczna tomografia niskokoherentna w badaniach obiektów technicznych

Research paper thumbnail of Multiplexed TN-LCD's in the Coloured Negative Contrast Mode for Automotive Use

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1985

Research paper thumbnail of Colorimetric study of the post-processing effect due to pulsed laser cleaning of paper

Optica …, 2004

The effect of pulsed laser radiation applied for surface cleaning of historical paper samples fro... more The effect of pulsed laser radiation applied for surface cleaning of historical paper samples from the 17th c. and also samples of newly made paper was investigated by means of measurement of the colorimetric parameters: lightness L*, chromaticity C* and yellowness G. For production of the new paper samples the same method and material (linters cellulose) as used in the past were adopted. An artificial sample contamination was simulated by a mixture of charcoal powder with dust. Surface cleaning was performed by means of a Nd:YAG laser (6 ns pulsewidth) at wavelengths from UV, visible, and near IR ranges (355, 532, and 1064 nm). The laser fluence was selected from the range between the ablation and damage thresholds (0.3-0.9 J/cm 2) of the substrate materials. The absolute differences ∆L*, ∆C* and ∆G indicate that the smallest changes of the original color parameters and the most effective surface cleaning occurred at 532 nm. Artificial aging equivalent to periods of 25 and 50 years resulted in negligible changes of the L* and G values of laser cleaned, laboratory soiled samples, while for non-soiled samples a marked enhancement of the surface darkening with time was observed. Changes in L*, C*, and G after the laser treatment at 355 nm and 1064 nm are ascribed to the photochemical damage of the cellulose fibers and to enhanced absorption of the laser radiation by soil particles.

Research paper thumbnail of Liquid crystal display unit for reconfigurable instrument for automotive

ABSTRACT Nowadays, the car drivers are faced with a rapidly increasing flood of information. In a... more ABSTRACT Nowadays, the car drivers are faced with a rapidly increasing flood of information. In addition to established information systems (car radio, vehicle monitoring, mobile phones), high class vehicles feature navigation systems almost as standard. In the current decade, driver assistance and collision avoidance systems will appear in vehicles. Hence, there is an increasing demand for supplying the driver with more information that helps him to drive safer and more economical. The price decline in the computer market and the availability of powerful graphic hardware and software concepts make it possible to enhance the classical functions of the instrument board to an interactive multifunctional information panel – an interface between in-formation systems of the car and the driver. Therefore, the question of additional visual and cognitive stress, and a possible distraction of the driver by the large amount of information, and its complexity becomes predominant. Reconfigurable instru-ments, based on a microprocessor controlled active matrix colour display, provide a powerful alternative to the usual me-chanical/electromechanical instrument clusters in vehicles. They will help to strengthen passive safety, they adapt to user and situation requirements, and they are easy to install, to configure, and to maintain. Reconfigurable instruments in future cars will have a high impact on traffic since they can provide the driver with much more information, presenting it in a way that is flexibly matched to the importance of particular data and to the ergonomic properties of the driver. The functions are manifold and span from classical driver information like speed to navigation prompts and ultimately to video and multime-dia access.

Research paper thumbnail of Optimization of the TN-Display System for Car Application by Use of Colour Representation

SAE Technical Paper Series, 1984

Research paper thumbnail of Colorimetric evaluation of display performance

The development of information techniques, using new technologies, physical phenomena and coding ... more The development of information techniques, using new technologies, physical phenomena and coding schemes, enables new application areas to be benefited form the introduction of displays. The full utilization of the visual perception of a human operator, requires the color coding process to be implemented. The evolution of displays, from achromatic (B&W) and monochromatic, to multicolor and full-color, enhances the possibilities of information coding, creating however a need for the quantitative methods of display parameter assessment. Quantitative assessment of color displays, restricted to photometric measurements of their parameters, is an estimate leading to considerable errors. Therefore, the measurements of a display's color properties have to be based on spectral measurements of the display and its elements. The quantitative assessment of the display system parameters should be made using colorimetric systems like CIE1931, CIE1976 LAB or LUV. In the paper, the constraints...

Research paper thumbnail of Theoretical and experimental investigation of Optical Coherent Tomography topologies

Journal De Physique Iv, 2006

Optical Coherent Tomography is a measurement technique, which enables us to visualize the interna... more Optical Coherent Tomography is a measurement technique, which enables us to visualize the internal structure of the investigated object with very high resolution. In OCT systems on order to detect the measured signal the measurement techniques such as: optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) and optical low-coherent reflectometry (OLCR), are employed. In both methods it is necessary to use at least

Research paper thumbnail of <title>Application of computer-assisted modified coupled-mode method for the design of polarimetric sensors</title>

ABSTRACT A method for modeling of multiply purturbed fibers was developed as an extension to the ... more ABSTRACT A method for modeling of multiply purturbed fibers was developed as an extension to the modified coupled-mode method. Being based on numerical solution of coupled mode equations, the method is not limited in the scope of its applications to the cases in which coupling coefficients are constant along the fiber. Short computation time was achieved as a result of modification to the solved coupled-mode equations. Presented method was developed as a design tool for polarimetric optical fiber sensors. The use of the method is demonstrated on an example of a twisted single-mode elliptic-core fiber subjected to pure bending. Moreover, it was shown that the presented method can be also applied to visibility calculation in polarimetric sensors using polychromatic sources.

Research paper thumbnail of <title>Interferometric optical fiber sensors with active stabilization of the operating point using a tunable semiconductor laser</title>

Optical fiber force sensors using Michelson interferometer and a tunable external cavity semicond... more Optical fiber force sensors using Michelson interferometer and a tunable external cavity semiconductor lase rsource are investigated in order to develop a sensor whose operating point is actively stabilized by the change of the source wavelength. Two configurations of such sensros are briefly discussed, and their advantages are compared. Based on presented results a sensor was built and tested. The sensor employs an indirect force transducer in which the force acting on it is converted into hydrostatic pressure which is subsequently measured. The sensor exhibits good linearity. Its bandwidth is currently limited by the tuning speed of the laser and can be extended by increasing the tuning speed of the laser.

Research paper thumbnail of <title>An optical low-coherence system for 2-dimensional visualization of thin polymer layers</title>

Research paper thumbnail of <title>The influence of splicing misalignment on the performance of polarimetric sensors</title>

Optoelectronic and Electronic Sensors V, 2003

ABSTRACT The influence of splicing inaccuracy of fiber segments of polarimetric sensors on visibi... more ABSTRACT The influence of splicing inaccuracy of fiber segments of polarimetric sensors on visibility of polarization modes interfering at the sensor output was investigated. Two types of sensors were analyzed using Jones matrix formalism: one with single and one with double temperature compensation.

Research paper thumbnail of <title>Polarization state analysis in optical coherence tomography</title>

Research paper thumbnail of Non-Destructive Inspection of Anti-Corrosion Protective Coatings Using Optical Coherent Tomography

Metrology and Measurement Systems, 2012

Non-Destructive Inspection of Anti-Corrosion Protective Coatings Using Optical Coherent Tomograph... more Non-Destructive Inspection of Anti-Corrosion Protective Coatings Using Optical Coherent Tomography Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is one of the most rapidly advancing techniques. This method is capable of non-contact and non-destructive investigation of the inner structure of a broad range of materials. Compared with other methods which belong to the NDE/NDT group (Non-Destructive Evaluation/Non-Destructive Testing methods), OCT is capable of a broad range of scattering material structure visualization. Such a non-invasive and versatile method is very demanded by the industry. The authors applied the OCT method to examine the corrosion process in metal samples coated by polymer films. The main aim of the research was the evaluation of the anti-corrosion protective coatings using the OCT method. The tested samples were exposed to a harsh environment. The OCT measurements have been taken at different stages of the samples degradation. The research and tests results have been prese...

Research paper thumbnail of Spectroscopic analysis for polarization sensitive optical coherent tomography

Photonics Letters of Poland, 2011

Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherent Tomography (PS-OCT) is a novel optical method to examine ... more Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherent Tomography (PS-OCT) is a novel optical method to examine a broad range of scattering materials. PS-OCT is an extension of OCT systems, which enables cross-sectional visualization of the device inner structure, as well as analysis of the polarization state of light backscattered from particular points inside the tested device. Polarization sensitive analysis is a very useful tool in OCT measurements. However, it brings a number of problems referring to measurement signal processing, birefringence changes of the investigated sample over the spectral width of a broadband light source. In this paper these problems have been discussed and possible solutions have been given.