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Papers by anne-marie BONNEL

Acta Psychologica, 1979

... Anne-Marie Bonnel and Georges Noizet ... NorthHoOd Publishing Company APPLICATION OF SIGNAL D... more ... Anne-Marie Bonnel and Georges Noizet ... NorthHoOd Publishing Company APPLICATION OF SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY TO PERCEPTION OF DIFFERENCES IN LINE LENGTHAnneMarie BONNEL and ... G: A., J: H. Wright, B: J. Weber, B: M. Kirchner, and E: A. Milligan, 1969 ...

Les etudes presentees dans ce rapport sont destinees a repondre a un double objectif, theorique e... more Les etudes presentees dans ce rapport sont destinees a repondre a un double objectif, theorique et pratique. L'objectif theorique est destine a etudier les effets de la pratique sportive sur les caracteristiques du "faisceau attentionnel" de sujets sportifs et non sportifs. Il s'agit de definir plus precisement les consequences de cette modification fonctionnelle, au niveau perceptif et au niveau moteur. L'objectif pratique est destine a identifier, en comparant des athletes de differents niveaux d'expertise, la nature des modifications attentionnelles et les stades de traitement concernes. La methodologie generale repose sur une approche psychophysique. Toutefois, certaines experiences s'appuient sur les methodes de la chronometrie mentale. Dans une premiere experience, la nature des capacites perceptives de sujets sportifs et non sportifs est analysee, en relation avec les dimensions du faisceau attentionnel. Dans une seconde experience, nous avons te...

In three experiments, the effects of exposure to melodies on their subsequent liking and recognit... more In three experiments, the effects of exposure to melodies on their subsequent liking and recognition were explored. In each experiment, the subjects first listened to a set of familiar and unfamiliar melodies in a study phase. In the subsequent test phase, the melodies were repeated, along with a set of distractors matched in familiarity. Half the subjects were required to rate their liking of each melody, and half had to identify the melodies they had heard earlier in the study phase. Repetition of the studied melodies was found to increase liking of the unfamiliar melodies in the affect task and to be best for detection of familiar melodies in the recognition task (Experiments 1, 2, and 3). These memory effects were found to fade at different time delays between study and test in the affect and recognition tasks, with the latter leading to the most persistent effects (Experiment 2). Both study-to-test changes in melody timbre and manipulation of study tasks had a marked impact on ...

Perception & Psychophysics

ABSTRACT

Auditory Signal Processing, 2005

Psychological Science, 1998

... asked to listen carefully to each excerpt and to pay equal attention to the language and to .... more ... asked to listen carefully to each excerpt and to pay equal attention to the language and to ... Of particular importance are the results for incongruous words sung out of key ... In conclusion, although previous results have shown that lyrics and tunes in vocal music may be integrated in ...

Bulletin européen de physiopathologie respiratoire

The sensitivity to airflow resistance variations produced by externally added resistive loads, wi... more The sensitivity to airflow resistance variations produced by externally added resistive loads, with modification of background load, was studied in 15 normal subjects, using "Sensory Decision Theory" (SDT), a psychophysical method that gives an index of accuracy, P(A), unaffected by response bias. In six subjects, asked to detect three increasingly added loads (delta R) at different levels of basal resistance (1.6 and 3.6 cmH2O X 1(-1) X s), inspiratory resistive load detection (RLD) improved with background loading, and a highly significant relationship was found between P(A) and peak mouth pressure (Pm). The relationship between P(A) and the change in Pm, i.e. delta Pm, was less significant. These results suggest that, although tension developed by the respiratory muscles reflected by mouth pressure may be an important stimulus to respiratory RLD, other factors must also be considered. In seven subjects, in whom airway resistance was increased at least 50% by inhalation ...

Bulletin européen de physiopathologie respiratoire

In asthmatic patients, Helson's adaptation level theory was applied to breathing discomfort t... more In asthmatic patients, Helson's adaptation level theory was applied to breathing discomfort to investigate the discrepancy between the subjective severity of breathlessness and their objective airflow obstruction. The data from a signal detection methodology show a considerable loss of sensitivity in twelve asthmatic patients with permanent airflow obstruction compared to the high sensitivity of six normal subjects to the same four external resistive loads (range 2.5 to 8.0 cmH2O X l-1 X s). Furthermore, when subjective ratings are examined, the absence of any contrast effect between adjacent load intensities in asthmatics suggests that these subjects evaluate the discomfort induced by the loads with reference to a strong internal comparison (adaptation level) rather than to the experimental stimuli. There was no relationship between physiological parameters and the low sensitivity of asthmatics. Also salbutamol-induced bronchodilation in six asthmatics did not improve sensitivi...

Detection vs. Identification with continuous pedestals One traditional psychophysical measure of ... more Detection vs. Identification with continuous pedestals One traditional psychophysical measure of increment threshold presents a brief increment in an ongoing stimulus pedestal for detection. In another class of experiments, the signal can be either an increment or a decrement, and the subject must say which. These configurations are illustrated in Fig. 1. It shows a pedestal alone, S(0), the pedestal plus an incremental signal, S(+), and the pedestal plus a decremental signal, (S-). In what has been called the "detection" paradigm, subjects must discriminate trials with S(+) from those with S(0); in the "identification" paradigm, every trial has a signal and the subject must identify it as S(+) or S(-). Based on the greater difference between S(+) and S(-), a Signal-Detection-Theory (SDT)(Green and Swets, 1966) analysis of these paradigms predicts higher performance in identification. Surprisingly, though, this has not been the case. For example, when Macmillan (1971, 1973) presented tonal signals on tonal pedestals or noise on noise,he found higher performance in detection than in identification. Because of the seeming violation of SDT, Macmillan (1971) suggested that detection was based on special sensitivity to transient information at the beginning of the signal while identification used the ongoing signal. In support, he noted that this relation between paradigms was reversed when signals were made longer. Bonnel, Stein and Bertucci (1992) took this notion a step farther in an examination of the effects of divided attention in the two paradigms. Based on the argument that perception of transients is an automatic process (Alwitt, 1981), Bonnel et al (1992) proposed that the use of neural transients in detection would place less

Pain, 1985

There is a need for adequate and convenient measures for assessing obstetric pain. The present in... more There is a need for adequate and convenient measures for assessing obstetric pain. The present investigation was designed to develop a non-verbal objective measurement of labor pain based on the continuous observation of behavior. Validity and sensitivity of the instrument designed to assess pain throughout labor using standardized observational ratings were tested on a sample of 100 primiparae who were asked periodically to rate pain on a 5-point numerical scale. The use of a behavioral method of observation associated with a self-rating procedure comprises various advantages, especially because they may appreciate different factors of the pain experience. Behavioral and self-rating indices were satisfactorily correlated. The behavioral index correlates with the pre-partum anxiety score but the self-rating index does not. The positive results obtained in this preliminary study lead us to consider this behavioral index as a valid instrument.

Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1991

Psychophysics in Action, 1989

Respiration, 1991

The perception of external suprathreshold loads (2.5–44 cm H2O 1-1 s) was determined in 5 normal ... more The perception of external suprathreshold loads (2.5–44 cm H2O 1-1 s) was determined in 5 normal and 16 asthmatic subjects in order to (1) study the role of the wording given to the subject for rating the inspiratory loads, either ‘intensity’ or breathing ‘discomfort’, and (2) compare the sensation to low (2.5–8 cm H2O 1-1 s) and to high (17–44 cm H2O 1-1 s) loads. Normal subjects exhibited accurate rating of the loads regardless of the wording; high loads were estimated as more severe than the low ones, in spite of a long time interval between the two experiments. They were able to discriminate between each pair of loads. On the contrary, asthmatics with chronic airway obstruction demonstrated a poor perception in all experimental conditions. The physiological variables of breathing pattern and mouth pressure were modified in the same manner in the two populations and could not account for the differences in perception. In conclusion, the differences in sensitivity observed between normal and asthmatic subjects were verified for suprathreshold load perception whatever the wording and the level of the loads. Therefore, for this kind of experimental study, it is not useful to study the full scale of the loads. Furthermore, the present methodological approach provides an additional support to the assumption that the asthmatics’ poor sensitivity is related to psychological factors such as past experience of loaded breathing

Respiration, 1985

The ability to detect added external inspiratory and expiratory resistive loads was studied in no... more The ability to detect added external inspiratory and expiratory resistive loads was studied in normal and asthmatic subjects using sensory decision theory as a psychophysical method. Performances P(A)/delta R [where P(A) represents the index of sensitivity and delta R the additional resistor] were similar in normal and asthmatic subjects, but when sensitivity was expressed in relation to airway resistance [P(A)/delta R/Raw], asthmatics showed higher inspiratory and expiratory performances than normal subjects. After bronchodilation the relative sensitivity in the asthmatic group was impaired and approached that of normal subjects. Comparing inspiratory and expiratory load detection, normal subjects showed a higher sensitivity for expiratory than for inspiratory loads. In contrast, there was no difference in the asthmatic group. The response bias remained the same across conditions. If one accepts the assumption that the variability of sensitivity presented by asthmatic and normal subjects might be related to the variable state of their pulmonary function, our results can be interpreted as demonstrating a relationship between sensitivity and pulmonary distension or airway obstruction. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that the site of perception for respiratory load detection is the chest wall.

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 1987

Despite agreement among many attentional theories that processing resources are limited and alloc... more Despite agreement among many attentional theories that processing resources are limited and allocated according to task demands, controversy continues about the locus of selectivity. Studies of spatial orientation of attention suggest an early effect. These results, however, can be explained instead by effects of decision processes. The present study avoids this difficulty by directly manipulating attention in a dual-task paradigm and by using SDT to dissociate sensory tuning from criterion shifts. Ten subjects judged whether two lines to the left of fixation were the same or different in length; they also judged two lines presented simultaneously to the right. In a given block of 64 trials, the subject was to allocate 80%, 50%, or 20% of attention to one pair of lines and the rest to the other. On every trial, the subject judged both pairs. Results showed that d′ increased from 0.77 with 20% allocation to 1.69 with 80%, indicating that sensitivity is modulated by attentional instru...

Acta Psychologica, 1979

... Anne-Marie Bonnel and Georges Noizet ... NorthHoOd Publishing Company APPLICATION OF SIGNAL D... more ... Anne-Marie Bonnel and Georges Noizet ... NorthHoOd Publishing Company APPLICATION OF SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY TO PERCEPTION OF DIFFERENCES IN LINE LENGTHAnneMarie BONNEL and ... G: A., J: H. Wright, B: J. Weber, B: M. Kirchner, and E: A. Milligan, 1969 ...

Les etudes presentees dans ce rapport sont destinees a repondre a un double objectif, theorique e... more Les etudes presentees dans ce rapport sont destinees a repondre a un double objectif, theorique et pratique. L'objectif theorique est destine a etudier les effets de la pratique sportive sur les caracteristiques du "faisceau attentionnel" de sujets sportifs et non sportifs. Il s'agit de definir plus precisement les consequences de cette modification fonctionnelle, au niveau perceptif et au niveau moteur. L'objectif pratique est destine a identifier, en comparant des athletes de differents niveaux d'expertise, la nature des modifications attentionnelles et les stades de traitement concernes. La methodologie generale repose sur une approche psychophysique. Toutefois, certaines experiences s'appuient sur les methodes de la chronometrie mentale. Dans une premiere experience, la nature des capacites perceptives de sujets sportifs et non sportifs est analysee, en relation avec les dimensions du faisceau attentionnel. Dans une seconde experience, nous avons te...

In three experiments, the effects of exposure to melodies on their subsequent liking and recognit... more In three experiments, the effects of exposure to melodies on their subsequent liking and recognition were explored. In each experiment, the subjects first listened to a set of familiar and unfamiliar melodies in a study phase. In the subsequent test phase, the melodies were repeated, along with a set of distractors matched in familiarity. Half the subjects were required to rate their liking of each melody, and half had to identify the melodies they had heard earlier in the study phase. Repetition of the studied melodies was found to increase liking of the unfamiliar melodies in the affect task and to be best for detection of familiar melodies in the recognition task (Experiments 1, 2, and 3). These memory effects were found to fade at different time delays between study and test in the affect and recognition tasks, with the latter leading to the most persistent effects (Experiment 2). Both study-to-test changes in melody timbre and manipulation of study tasks had a marked impact on ...

Perception & Psychophysics

ABSTRACT

Auditory Signal Processing, 2005

Psychological Science, 1998

... asked to listen carefully to each excerpt and to pay equal attention to the language and to .... more ... asked to listen carefully to each excerpt and to pay equal attention to the language and to ... Of particular importance are the results for incongruous words sung out of key ... In conclusion, although previous results have shown that lyrics and tunes in vocal music may be integrated in ...

Bulletin européen de physiopathologie respiratoire

The sensitivity to airflow resistance variations produced by externally added resistive loads, wi... more The sensitivity to airflow resistance variations produced by externally added resistive loads, with modification of background load, was studied in 15 normal subjects, using "Sensory Decision Theory" (SDT), a psychophysical method that gives an index of accuracy, P(A), unaffected by response bias. In six subjects, asked to detect three increasingly added loads (delta R) at different levels of basal resistance (1.6 and 3.6 cmH2O X 1(-1) X s), inspiratory resistive load detection (RLD) improved with background loading, and a highly significant relationship was found between P(A) and peak mouth pressure (Pm). The relationship between P(A) and the change in Pm, i.e. delta Pm, was less significant. These results suggest that, although tension developed by the respiratory muscles reflected by mouth pressure may be an important stimulus to respiratory RLD, other factors must also be considered. In seven subjects, in whom airway resistance was increased at least 50% by inhalation ...

Bulletin européen de physiopathologie respiratoire

In asthmatic patients, Helson's adaptation level theory was applied to breathing discomfort t... more In asthmatic patients, Helson's adaptation level theory was applied to breathing discomfort to investigate the discrepancy between the subjective severity of breathlessness and their objective airflow obstruction. The data from a signal detection methodology show a considerable loss of sensitivity in twelve asthmatic patients with permanent airflow obstruction compared to the high sensitivity of six normal subjects to the same four external resistive loads (range 2.5 to 8.0 cmH2O X l-1 X s). Furthermore, when subjective ratings are examined, the absence of any contrast effect between adjacent load intensities in asthmatics suggests that these subjects evaluate the discomfort induced by the loads with reference to a strong internal comparison (adaptation level) rather than to the experimental stimuli. There was no relationship between physiological parameters and the low sensitivity of asthmatics. Also salbutamol-induced bronchodilation in six asthmatics did not improve sensitivi...

Detection vs. Identification with continuous pedestals One traditional psychophysical measure of ... more Detection vs. Identification with continuous pedestals One traditional psychophysical measure of increment threshold presents a brief increment in an ongoing stimulus pedestal for detection. In another class of experiments, the signal can be either an increment or a decrement, and the subject must say which. These configurations are illustrated in Fig. 1. It shows a pedestal alone, S(0), the pedestal plus an incremental signal, S(+), and the pedestal plus a decremental signal, (S-). In what has been called the "detection" paradigm, subjects must discriminate trials with S(+) from those with S(0); in the "identification" paradigm, every trial has a signal and the subject must identify it as S(+) or S(-). Based on the greater difference between S(+) and S(-), a Signal-Detection-Theory (SDT)(Green and Swets, 1966) analysis of these paradigms predicts higher performance in identification. Surprisingly, though, this has not been the case. For example, when Macmillan (1971, 1973) presented tonal signals on tonal pedestals or noise on noise,he found higher performance in detection than in identification. Because of the seeming violation of SDT, Macmillan (1971) suggested that detection was based on special sensitivity to transient information at the beginning of the signal while identification used the ongoing signal. In support, he noted that this relation between paradigms was reversed when signals were made longer. Bonnel, Stein and Bertucci (1992) took this notion a step farther in an examination of the effects of divided attention in the two paradigms. Based on the argument that perception of transients is an automatic process (Alwitt, 1981), Bonnel et al (1992) proposed that the use of neural transients in detection would place less

Pain, 1985

There is a need for adequate and convenient measures for assessing obstetric pain. The present in... more There is a need for adequate and convenient measures for assessing obstetric pain. The present investigation was designed to develop a non-verbal objective measurement of labor pain based on the continuous observation of behavior. Validity and sensitivity of the instrument designed to assess pain throughout labor using standardized observational ratings were tested on a sample of 100 primiparae who were asked periodically to rate pain on a 5-point numerical scale. The use of a behavioral method of observation associated with a self-rating procedure comprises various advantages, especially because they may appreciate different factors of the pain experience. Behavioral and self-rating indices were satisfactorily correlated. The behavioral index correlates with the pre-partum anxiety score but the self-rating index does not. The positive results obtained in this preliminary study lead us to consider this behavioral index as a valid instrument.

Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1991

Psychophysics in Action, 1989

Respiration, 1991

The perception of external suprathreshold loads (2.5–44 cm H2O 1-1 s) was determined in 5 normal ... more The perception of external suprathreshold loads (2.5–44 cm H2O 1-1 s) was determined in 5 normal and 16 asthmatic subjects in order to (1) study the role of the wording given to the subject for rating the inspiratory loads, either ‘intensity’ or breathing ‘discomfort’, and (2) compare the sensation to low (2.5–8 cm H2O 1-1 s) and to high (17–44 cm H2O 1-1 s) loads. Normal subjects exhibited accurate rating of the loads regardless of the wording; high loads were estimated as more severe than the low ones, in spite of a long time interval between the two experiments. They were able to discriminate between each pair of loads. On the contrary, asthmatics with chronic airway obstruction demonstrated a poor perception in all experimental conditions. The physiological variables of breathing pattern and mouth pressure were modified in the same manner in the two populations and could not account for the differences in perception. In conclusion, the differences in sensitivity observed between normal and asthmatic subjects were verified for suprathreshold load perception whatever the wording and the level of the loads. Therefore, for this kind of experimental study, it is not useful to study the full scale of the loads. Furthermore, the present methodological approach provides an additional support to the assumption that the asthmatics’ poor sensitivity is related to psychological factors such as past experience of loaded breathing

Respiration, 1985

The ability to detect added external inspiratory and expiratory resistive loads was studied in no... more The ability to detect added external inspiratory and expiratory resistive loads was studied in normal and asthmatic subjects using sensory decision theory as a psychophysical method. Performances P(A)/delta R [where P(A) represents the index of sensitivity and delta R the additional resistor] were similar in normal and asthmatic subjects, but when sensitivity was expressed in relation to airway resistance [P(A)/delta R/Raw], asthmatics showed higher inspiratory and expiratory performances than normal subjects. After bronchodilation the relative sensitivity in the asthmatic group was impaired and approached that of normal subjects. Comparing inspiratory and expiratory load detection, normal subjects showed a higher sensitivity for expiratory than for inspiratory loads. In contrast, there was no difference in the asthmatic group. The response bias remained the same across conditions. If one accepts the assumption that the variability of sensitivity presented by asthmatic and normal subjects might be related to the variable state of their pulmonary function, our results can be interpreted as demonstrating a relationship between sensitivity and pulmonary distension or airway obstruction. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that the site of perception for respiratory load detection is the chest wall.

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 1987

Despite agreement among many attentional theories that processing resources are limited and alloc... more Despite agreement among many attentional theories that processing resources are limited and allocated according to task demands, controversy continues about the locus of selectivity. Studies of spatial orientation of attention suggest an early effect. These results, however, can be explained instead by effects of decision processes. The present study avoids this difficulty by directly manipulating attention in a dual-task paradigm and by using SDT to dissociate sensory tuning from criterion shifts. Ten subjects judged whether two lines to the left of fixation were the same or different in length; they also judged two lines presented simultaneously to the right. In a given block of 64 trials, the subject was to allocate 80%, 50%, or 20% of attention to one pair of lines and the rest to the other. On every trial, the subject judged both pairs. Results showed that d′ increased from 0.77 with 20% allocation to 1.69 with 80%, indicating that sensitivity is modulated by attentional instru...