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I have developed a simple model to locate Kant with reference to Wolff Hegel and Heidegger- a sto... more I have developed a simple model to locate Kant with reference to Wolff Hegel and Heidegger- a story I like to perform closure.

Wolff!s ‘first philosophy’ - seeks the establishment the true ground for Ontology - via a grounding truth or judgment - in Euclid and Mathematics- and this presupposition must apply to ‘all possible worlds’ - it is thus impossible to think rationality of a world were 2+2 = 5 other than as metaphor- even God cannot be outside this truth, if we can accept this premise then - the foundations of metaphysical- or beyond physical-sensation based knowledge is truly possible.

Kant’s CPR is thus a attempt to close off from a-prior reasoning and truth this Wolff conclusion - by demonstrating that a-prior synthetically based truths are limited by the ‘transcendental subjects’ Logic-cognitive apparatus- thus ontological knowledge- is grounded in the subject’s nature as desire not truth - and thus any possible world and knowledge of it is a mix of subject and senses - brought together via the imagination. Heaven and Hell are just errors of the subjects nature when not being logical.

Hegel is disappointed by this bracketing off of the source of knowledge as subject error grounded - his argument is to posit that the real once the phenomena realm has been deconstructed- allows - something to pass over from old picture thinking into the concepts of cognition - via shine (which is Aristotle’s assumption -that the object presents itself as available to be known) - Wolff's absolute ontological knowing is reestablished not by mathematical absolute truth - but a trans-personal subject that awakens via the death of Christ -a spirit that grows into thinking via concepts - grounded in the truth method Hegel call’s phenomenology and Scientific Logic - which as Nitzch noted is merely ‘a will to power’ - or the will’s its own truth.

Heidegger recognises the impossibility of Hegel’s project and grounds the question not in Spirit - but the recurring question of ‘being qua being’ in and through time - and grounded in the death of being.

What we end up with is a capacity to be with the ‘nothingness’ of being - while walking in the black-forest and having a ‘moment’ with the otherness of being and it’s nothingness. Thus philosophy returns to its root - wisdom - know they ‘self’.

God is decreeing to begin some new and great period... What does he then but reveal Himself to hi... more God is decreeing to begin some new and great period... What does he then but reveal Himself to his servants, and as his manner is, first to his Englishmen?" John Milton 'Areopagitca' (1644).

Hegel and his salt example

We place Aristotle in the cave of a notorious shadow play (See; Republic Book VII). The cave tale... more We place Aristotle in the cave of a notorious shadow play (See; Republic Book VII). The cave tale is the third and most famous correspondences chronicle used by Socrates in the Republic to assert the nature of truth as distinct from mere belief. Socrates address his new account to his interlocutors-or the yes men. Women are banished from any scene-told to vanish with the kids-when the philosophical is about to be spoken-now a farcical reminder of the octogenarian Olympic chairperson who spoke most movingly of such being, and like Socrates was one who cannot abide the non-masculine voice raised to sound in their phallic-authority ear. We find Aristotle chained facing the wall or perhaps a screen is the best term, at the furthest point from the backlighting stage area. In a front-row seat of prisoner's with legs and heads immobilised thus preventing them from standing, turning to their left, to the right or right around. Think of this place as a primitive version of a Chinese re-education facility for the Uyghurs, or the realization of the fantasies of a Michael Foucault that could dream this prison for a bit of 'discipline and punish'. What does Aristotle sense and thus experience? "I note that I am forced to watch shadows projected from behind me onto a wall in front of me. This perception is happening now-not a dream or me hallucinating, this is real and made to be unhidden. But I cannot determine the final cause for this world I now inhabit?"

We place Aristotle in the cave of notorious shadow play (See; Republic Book VII-the cave is the t... more We place Aristotle in the cave of notorious shadow play (See; Republic Book VII-the cave is the third and most famous correspondences story used in the Republic to declare the nature of the truth as from belief, by Socrates to his interlocutors-or the yes men. Women are already banished from the scene, told to scrapper with the kids when the philosophical is spoken-and a farcical reminder of the Japanese's Olympic chairperson who spoke recently of such things, like Socrates one who cannot abide a non-masculine voice raised to his phallic-authority ear. We find Aristotle chained in a line with fellow prisoners facing the wall-the furthest point from the backlighting stage area. All the prisoner's legs and heads immobilised preventing them from standing, turning to their left, right or around. Think of a primitive version of a Chinese re-education facility for the Uyghurs, or the fantasies a Michael Foucault could dream up for a bit of 'discipline and punish'. What does Aristotle sense. I note that I am forced to watch shadows projected from behind me onto a wall in front of me. This perception is true happening now-not a dream or hallucinating, this real and unhidden. I cannot determine the final cause for this world I now inhabit? It interesting contempary commentators on the Cave have offered the modern analogy of the cinema, TV, and now Video game environment and social media as equivalent to this shadow-puppet show performed to this prison population. What a cave-prison Aristotle concludes; no food, no drink, no toilet-breaks, or bed-rest-just a puppet show performed 24/7 at this rate the prisoners need to be replaced weekly! This is not my prison it's my factory-death-camp.

Papers by Bill Smith-Bowers

Gated communities as club goods: segregation or social cohesion?

2 This article reviews a range of arguments and some of the evidence on the emergence of gated co... more 2 This article reviews a range of arguments and some of the evidence on the emergence of gated communities or as they will be described in this article gated residential developments (GRDs). The focus of the article will be the UK context, and it takes issue with the largely negative dominant academic narratives of GRDs, that they are private sector enclaves of high income households. The article argues that interest in GRDs has been limited from both an empirical and theoretical perspective and that this phenomenon requires more complex analysis, situating it within a broader process of ‘securitization’. The article considers a case study of a housing development, comprising gated and non-gated properties and including privately owned and socially rented properties, illustrating the desires of residents for increased security. The analysis uses the concept of ‘club economics ’ to consider the critical issues behind the development of ‘private neighbourhoods ’ and considers alternat...

Draft – not for quotation The broad trajectory of housing policy since the 1980s has been in a di... more Draft – not for quotation The broad trajectory of housing policy since the 1980s has been in a direction that rejects the paternalism and bureaucracy of traditional local authority landlords and encourages voluntary sector housing providers. The rationale for these strategies has been to use a diversity of landlords (to create synergy and avoid monolithic landlords) and to encourage a mix of tenures (to develop communities and avoid ‘ghettoisation’). Since the late 1990s, the orthodoxy of contemporary housing management has revolved around a number of core themes, including ‘neighbourhood management’; ‘partnership’; ‘community development ’ and ‘participation’. However, to date the practical implications of such schemes have not been subject to detailed empirical research. Consequently, this paper considers the application of contemporary ideas about housing management within the context of a mixed tenure development built in the early 1990s. Based upon an in-depth study of one of t...

Draft, please do not quote without permission This paper reviews the arguments and some of the ev... more Draft, please do not quote without permission This paper reviews the arguments and some of the evidence on the emergence of gated communities and contends that the concept of the partitioned city has a useful application both in the private sector and public sector housing. The focus of the paper will be the UK context, and developments that have been largely ignored to date. The paper utilises the concept of ‘club economics ’ to consider the critical issues behind the development of private neighbourhoods within public housing contexts. It contends that whilst gating may exemplify a form of privatism, it may also provide a contribution to social cohesion through the establishment of new forms of territorial management and relationships. It considers how democratic accountability can be established within such environments and how management structures can either facilitate or prevent resident empowerment. By formulating a typology of private and public dwellings and neighbourhoods ...

This paper reviews the arguments and some of the evidence on the emergence of gated communities a... more This paper reviews the arguments and some of the evidence on the emergence of gated communities and contends that the concept of the partitioned city has a useful application both in the private sector and public sector housing. The focus of the paper will be the UK context, and developments that have been largely ignored to date. The paper utilises the concept of ‘club economics’ to consider the critical issues behind the development of private neighbourhoods within public housing contexts. It contends that whilst gating may exemplify a form of privatism, it may also provide a contribution to social cohesion through the establishment of new forms of territorial management and relationships. It considers how democratic accountability can be established within such environments and how management structures can either facilitate or prevent resident empowerment. By formulating a typology of private and public dwellings and neighbourhoods the paper aims to advance existing critical dis...

Hegel's Salt Example and Descartes Wax Experiment - a reflection on.

On Hegel's salt example and Descartes Wax experiment

European Journal of Spatial Development-http://www.nordregio.se/EJSD/-ISSN 1650-9544-Refereed Art... more European Journal of Spatial Development-http://www.nordregio.se/EJSD/-ISSN 1650-9544-Refereed Articles Nov 2006-no 22 ... Private Security and Public Space: New Approaches to the ... Contact details of the authors: University of Westminster, School of Architecture and ...

Hegel and his salt example

Gated communities as club goods: segregation or social cohesion?

Hegel's Salt Example and Descartes Wax Experiment - a reflection on.

On Hegel's salt example and Descartes Wax experiment

Management Research News, 1994

Such an approach has an underlying assumption, namely that a perfect market can or does exist. Fo... more Such an approach has an underlying assumption, namely that a perfect market can or does exist. For housing management his is not the case and much of governmental activity in this policy area, has been an attempt to rectify the defects of market provision. In particular for ...

European Journal of Housing Policy, 2004

On the thought experiment that opens 'After Virtue'

On Hegel's 'Salt' example and Descartes 'Wax' experiment.