Bernardo Sorj - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Bernardo Sorj
International Encyclopedia of Political Science
Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 1976
Sociedad Civil y Relaciones Norte-Sur: ONGs y Dependencia, 2005
Las ONGs independientes, si bien comparten elementos comunes con sus equivalentes de los países ... more Las ONGs independientes, si bien comparten elementos
comunes con sus equivalentes de los países avanzados, constituyen, en realidad, ONGs
dependientes. El concepto de dependencia fue elaborado por científicos sociales
latinoamericanos para caracterizar los países en desarrollo carentes de estructuras
económicas con capacidad autónoma para producir innovación tecnológica.6
Por extensión, aquí definimos como dependientes a las organizaciones de la sociedad civil cuya principal fuente de financiamiento o sus agendas político-sociales provienen de los países avanzados.
brazil digitaldivide com Confronting Inequality in the Information Society, 2008
All the contents of this chapter, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Comm... more All the contents of this chapter, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported. Todo o conteúdo deste capítulo, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribuição-Uso Não Comercial-Partilha nos Mesmos Termos 3.0 Não adaptada. Todo el contenido de este capítulo, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Unported.
Key Texts for Latin American Sociology, 2019
brazil digitaldivide com Confronting Inequality in the Information Society, 2008
All the contents of this chapter, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Comm... more All the contents of this chapter, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported. Todo o conteúdo deste capítulo, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribuição-Uso Não Comercial-Partilha nos Mesmos Termos 3.0 Não adaptada. Todo el contenido de este capítulo, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Unported.
The International Review of Information Ethics
This article examines the use of computers and the internet in Brazilien Public Schools. It obser... more This article examines the use of computers and the internet in Brazilien Public Schools. It observes the broad use of the new technologies and argues that the mainly political decision to do so must now be translated into responsible policies in both the use of resources and the goals they are meant to support, maximizing benefits and minimizing waste.
This article examines the use of computers and the internet in Brazilien Public Schools. It obser... more This article examines the use of computers and the internet in Brazilien Public Schools. It observes the broad use of the new technologies and argues that the mainly political decision to do so must now be translated into responsible policies in both the use of resources and the goals they are meant to support, maximizing benefits and minimizing waste.
All the contents of this chapter, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Comm... more All the contents of this chapter, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported. Todo o conteúdo deste capítulo, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribuição Uso Não Comercial Partilha nos Mesmos Termos 3.0 Não adaptada. Todo el contenido de este capítulo, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Unported. Latin America’s elusive democracies
brazil digitaldivide com Confronting Inequality in the Information Society, 2008
The article presents a broad view of the relationships between education, computer and internet u... more The article presents a broad view of the relationships between education, computer and internet use, and social inequality, especially among poor people in urban areas in Brazil. In the first part, it resorts to observations and interviews with school participants from a Brazilian middle-sized city to present Brazil’s school system and the use of information technologies. In the second part, the article describes the general penetration of information technologies among Rio de Janeiro slum-dwellers, based on quantitative and qualitative research carried out in low-income communities in the city during the second half of 2003.
O autor analisa o Cenario Diadorim apontando alguns problemas e discutindo os seus principais con... more O autor analisa o Cenario Diadorim apontando alguns problemas e discutindo os seus principais contornos. No lado dos problemas identifica que “a sensacao transmitida e que para cada problema existe uma resposta de politica adequada. Nao identifica prioridades nem singulariza as relacoes e interacoes causais entre as variaveis”. Por outro lado reconhece que “ainda que o levantamento se concentre nos grandes desejos do povo brasileiro ... o Cenario Diadorim, na sua parte final, apresenta um conjunto de acoes concretas que deveriam ser desenvolvidas para assegurar a realizacao do cenario desejado”.
SORJ, B. (comp.). Poder político y medios de comunicación: de la representación política al reali... more SORJ, B. (comp.). Poder político y medios de comunicación: de la representación política al reality show. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.
This article is divided in two sections. The first one analyzes critically the construction of th... more This article is divided in two sections. The first one analyzes critically the construction of the concept of diaspora from two perspectives: as a normative notion of identity and as the evolution of an ideal model derived from historical, experiences particularly from the Jewish history. In the second section, we discuss the difficult dialogue between Judaic studies and the present he debates on the diaspora, arguing that both would prune to benefit from an exchange that takes in account the experience accumulated by the Jewish historiography.
In the majority of large Brazilian cities, approximately 20% of the population live in precarious... more In the majority of large Brazilian cities, approximately 20% of the population live in precarious housing conditions. Large clusters of poor communities, particularly in Rio de Janeiro, are called favelas, or urban shantytowns. While each favela is markedly different from others, the basic common denominator among them is that they originate in the invasion of urban lands, and develop without the benefit of infrastructure, services or other logistical support from the state. This phenomenon is expressed at the legal level (neither the established system of property ownership nor construction in these communities follow the legal norms established by public administration), as well as in the precarious state of public and urban services available (limited access to running water, sanitation, electricity, health services, police, justice, telephone and cable lines). Each of these factors is aggravated and dramatized over the last two decades by the occupation of many of these favelas ...
Your Excellency, Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, It gives me great pleasure to welcome, on be... more Your Excellency, Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, It gives me great pleasure to welcome, on behalf of the Commission, the many distinguished visitors who have kindly accepted our invitation to this international gathering. There are present, representatives of some twenty different nations; but let me emphasise not our diversity, but our common interests. The European Community and its Member States have worked together to organise this seminar, and to offer to our guests from Latin America our hospitality; our friendship; our ideas; and our hopes for continuing and mutually beneficial collaboration. The subject on which our common interests will be focussed during this three-day seminar is biotechnology. Much can be said, much will be said, during these three busy days; but even if we talk all day, we shall not exhaust the range of topics covered by this broad subject. I speak with some confidence on this; the Commission has been talking about biotechnology, and developing its policies, for over ten years; some of our Member States for much longer. Whether we adopt a narrow or a broad definition, we have to recognise that ultimately the biological revolutions in progress will influence or transform every field of application of the life sciences-including agriculture and forestry, health care and pharmaceuticals, organic waste and water recycling, and the care of the environment. Initially, we saw biotechnology mainly as a research matter. Our first programme, the biomolecular engineering programme, ran from nineteen eighty-two to nineteen eighty-six, and was limited to the agriculture and agrofood fields. It sought to remove obstacles to the transfer into practice of the advances in biological research. It was successful not only in scientific terms, but in catalysing trans-frontier collaboration within our community, through 2 transnational cooperation in research, and through training grants for researchers moving to laboratories outside their home country.
Hispanic American Historical Review, 1980
Movimientos E Instituciones Y La Calidad De La Democracia Analisis De Casos En America Latina Y La Union Europea 2014 Isbn 978 84 9921 310 1 Pags 43 57, 2014
SORJ, B. Individualismo transgresor e instituciones públicas: la democratización de la cultura ol... more SORJ, B. Individualismo transgresor e instituciones públicas: la democratización de la cultura oligárquica en América Latina. Rio de Janeiro: Centro Edelstein de Pesquisas Sociais, Working Paper nº 7.
International Encyclopedia of Political Science
Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 1976
Sociedad Civil y Relaciones Norte-Sur: ONGs y Dependencia, 2005
Las ONGs independientes, si bien comparten elementos comunes con sus equivalentes de los países ... more Las ONGs independientes, si bien comparten elementos
comunes con sus equivalentes de los países avanzados, constituyen, en realidad, ONGs
dependientes. El concepto de dependencia fue elaborado por científicos sociales
latinoamericanos para caracterizar los países en desarrollo carentes de estructuras
económicas con capacidad autónoma para producir innovación tecnológica.6
Por extensión, aquí definimos como dependientes a las organizaciones de la sociedad civil cuya principal fuente de financiamiento o sus agendas político-sociales provienen de los países avanzados.
brazil digitaldivide com Confronting Inequality in the Information Society, 2008
All the contents of this chapter, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Comm... more All the contents of this chapter, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported. Todo o conteúdo deste capítulo, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribuição-Uso Não Comercial-Partilha nos Mesmos Termos 3.0 Não adaptada. Todo el contenido de este capítulo, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Unported.
Key Texts for Latin American Sociology, 2019
brazil digitaldivide com Confronting Inequality in the Information Society, 2008
All the contents of this chapter, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Comm... more All the contents of this chapter, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported. Todo o conteúdo deste capítulo, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribuição-Uso Não Comercial-Partilha nos Mesmos Termos 3.0 Não adaptada. Todo el contenido de este capítulo, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Unported.
The International Review of Information Ethics
This article examines the use of computers and the internet in Brazilien Public Schools. It obser... more This article examines the use of computers and the internet in Brazilien Public Schools. It observes the broad use of the new technologies and argues that the mainly political decision to do so must now be translated into responsible policies in both the use of resources and the goals they are meant to support, maximizing benefits and minimizing waste.
This article examines the use of computers and the internet in Brazilien Public Schools. It obser... more This article examines the use of computers and the internet in Brazilien Public Schools. It observes the broad use of the new technologies and argues that the mainly political decision to do so must now be translated into responsible policies in both the use of resources and the goals they are meant to support, maximizing benefits and minimizing waste.
All the contents of this chapter, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Comm... more All the contents of this chapter, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported. Todo o conteúdo deste capítulo, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribuição Uso Não Comercial Partilha nos Mesmos Termos 3.0 Não adaptada. Todo el contenido de este capítulo, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Unported. Latin America’s elusive democracies
brazil digitaldivide com Confronting Inequality in the Information Society, 2008
The article presents a broad view of the relationships between education, computer and internet u... more The article presents a broad view of the relationships between education, computer and internet use, and social inequality, especially among poor people in urban areas in Brazil. In the first part, it resorts to observations and interviews with school participants from a Brazilian middle-sized city to present Brazil’s school system and the use of information technologies. In the second part, the article describes the general penetration of information technologies among Rio de Janeiro slum-dwellers, based on quantitative and qualitative research carried out in low-income communities in the city during the second half of 2003.
O autor analisa o Cenario Diadorim apontando alguns problemas e discutindo os seus principais con... more O autor analisa o Cenario Diadorim apontando alguns problemas e discutindo os seus principais contornos. No lado dos problemas identifica que “a sensacao transmitida e que para cada problema existe uma resposta de politica adequada. Nao identifica prioridades nem singulariza as relacoes e interacoes causais entre as variaveis”. Por outro lado reconhece que “ainda que o levantamento se concentre nos grandes desejos do povo brasileiro ... o Cenario Diadorim, na sua parte final, apresenta um conjunto de acoes concretas que deveriam ser desenvolvidas para assegurar a realizacao do cenario desejado”.
SORJ, B. (comp.). Poder político y medios de comunicación: de la representación política al reali... more SORJ, B. (comp.). Poder político y medios de comunicación: de la representación política al reality show. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.
This article is divided in two sections. The first one analyzes critically the construction of th... more This article is divided in two sections. The first one analyzes critically the construction of the concept of diaspora from two perspectives: as a normative notion of identity and as the evolution of an ideal model derived from historical, experiences particularly from the Jewish history. In the second section, we discuss the difficult dialogue between Judaic studies and the present he debates on the diaspora, arguing that both would prune to benefit from an exchange that takes in account the experience accumulated by the Jewish historiography.
In the majority of large Brazilian cities, approximately 20% of the population live in precarious... more In the majority of large Brazilian cities, approximately 20% of the population live in precarious housing conditions. Large clusters of poor communities, particularly in Rio de Janeiro, are called favelas, or urban shantytowns. While each favela is markedly different from others, the basic common denominator among them is that they originate in the invasion of urban lands, and develop without the benefit of infrastructure, services or other logistical support from the state. This phenomenon is expressed at the legal level (neither the established system of property ownership nor construction in these communities follow the legal norms established by public administration), as well as in the precarious state of public and urban services available (limited access to running water, sanitation, electricity, health services, police, justice, telephone and cable lines). Each of these factors is aggravated and dramatized over the last two decades by the occupation of many of these favelas ...
Your Excellency, Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, It gives me great pleasure to welcome, on be... more Your Excellency, Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, It gives me great pleasure to welcome, on behalf of the Commission, the many distinguished visitors who have kindly accepted our invitation to this international gathering. There are present, representatives of some twenty different nations; but let me emphasise not our diversity, but our common interests. The European Community and its Member States have worked together to organise this seminar, and to offer to our guests from Latin America our hospitality; our friendship; our ideas; and our hopes for continuing and mutually beneficial collaboration. The subject on which our common interests will be focussed during this three-day seminar is biotechnology. Much can be said, much will be said, during these three busy days; but even if we talk all day, we shall not exhaust the range of topics covered by this broad subject. I speak with some confidence on this; the Commission has been talking about biotechnology, and developing its policies, for over ten years; some of our Member States for much longer. Whether we adopt a narrow or a broad definition, we have to recognise that ultimately the biological revolutions in progress will influence or transform every field of application of the life sciences-including agriculture and forestry, health care and pharmaceuticals, organic waste and water recycling, and the care of the environment. Initially, we saw biotechnology mainly as a research matter. Our first programme, the biomolecular engineering programme, ran from nineteen eighty-two to nineteen eighty-six, and was limited to the agriculture and agrofood fields. It sought to remove obstacles to the transfer into practice of the advances in biological research. It was successful not only in scientific terms, but in catalysing trans-frontier collaboration within our community, through 2 transnational cooperation in research, and through training grants for researchers moving to laboratories outside their home country.
Hispanic American Historical Review, 1980
Movimientos E Instituciones Y La Calidad De La Democracia Analisis De Casos En America Latina Y La Union Europea 2014 Isbn 978 84 9921 310 1 Pags 43 57, 2014
SORJ, B. Individualismo transgresor e instituciones públicas: la democratización de la cultura ol... more SORJ, B. Individualismo transgresor e instituciones públicas: la democratización de la cultura oligárquica en América Latina. Rio de Janeiro: Centro Edelstein de Pesquisas Sociais, Working Paper nº 7.
Judaism for everyone.. without dogma , 2022
This essay is an introduction to humanistic and secular Judaism that was a hallmark of the greate... more This essay is an introduction to humanistic and secular Judaism that was a hallmark of the greatest modern Jewish thinkers. Each of them in their particular manner advanced modern Judaism as a way of being Jewish without relying on sacred books or divine commandments; instead, they drew on the existential dramas of Jewish history and culture for their inspiration. They felt a particular sense of solidarity in times of Jewish persecution and revulsion when Jews acted carelessly and caused others to suffer. This is a necessary update because modern, humanistic Judaism is in crisis. Although the majority of Jews in the Diaspora and in Israel consider themselves humanistic, humanistic Judaism has lost much of its original impulse and creativity. This crisis is a by-product of the far-reaching transformations that Jewish communities and society in general have undergone in recent decades.
Em que mundo vivemos?, 2020
O livro analisa as relações entre capitalismo e democracia e os diversos conflitos que produzem -... more O livro analisa as relações entre capitalismo e democracia e os diversos conflitos que produzem - econômicos, políticos e culturais -, os valores e interesses por trás deles, e os desafios colocados pela ascensão de tendências autoritárias a nível nacional e internacional.
Capitalismo e democracia revolucionam constantemente os sistemas produtivos e sociais, exigindo periodicamente a renovação dos arranjos políticos que organizam as demandas e asseguram a coesão social. Quando prevalecem soluções virtuosas, perseveram novos patamares civilizatórios de convivência pacífica e melhoria da qualidade de vida. Quando se estabelece a polarização destrutiva, cresce o risco de desestabilização da democracia e de instalação de regimes autoritários.
Sumário
Prefácio
Introdução
1. Os conflitos do capitalismo democrático
2. Do liberalismo econômico ao Estado de bem-estar
3. Remercantilização: a contrarreforma neoliberal
4. Os conflitos culturais das democracias capitalistas
5. As contradições das democracias capitalistas
6. A ascensão da direita autoritária
7. A sociedade da des(informação) e a crise da verdade
8. A diluição das fronteiras dos subsistemas sociais
9. A convivência democrática como “politeísmo” de valores
10. Conclusões
LA VERSIÓN EN ESPAÑOL ESTARÁ DISPONIBLE EN EL SITIO DE PLATAFORMA DEMOCRÁTICA EN JULIO
Siglo XXI, 2008
Entender la dinámica a través de la cual se construye la cohesión social en América Latina supone... more Entender la dinámica a través de la cual se construye la cohesión social en América Latina supone una inversión de perspectiva frente a la tendencia dominante que enfatiza los problemas sociales que afligen el continente. Si desconocer estas dificultades sería caer en apologías conservadoras, para entender cómo nuestras sociedades generan cohesión social no podemos dejar de identificar igualmente los enormes recursos positivos de integración y de creatividad socio-cultural existentes en nuestras sociedades.
Em uma sociedade democrática, a convivência exige disposi-ção para aprender com outras pessoas e ... more Em uma sociedade democrática, a convivência exige disposi-ção para aprender com outras pessoas e capacidade de ouvir opiniões em desacordo com as nossas; é preciso cuidado para não se deixar levar pelo efeito de manada, mantendo-se aberto ao dissenso. Sem compromisso com correntes partidárias, este guia descreve como funcionam as ferramentas digitais que utilizamos no dia a dia para nos informarmos e posicionar-mos politicamente. Ele visa contribuir para o fortalecimento da cultura cívica no Brasil e se destina a todos os cidadãos, mães, pais e professores, pois acreditamos que a capacidade de interagir de maneira crítica e responsável com as informações que circulam na Internet merece um lugar no currículo esco-lar e em casa, e deve orientar a participação de cada indivíduo no espaço público.
Este guia foi organizado em cinco partes. A primeira explica como nos informamos nas redes sociai... more Este guia foi organizado em cinco partes. A primeira explica
como nos informamos nas redes sociais e como seus mecanismos
podem nos direcionar a interagir apenas com pessoas e ideias com
as quais concordamos, nos fechando em bolhas. A partir disso, a
segunda parte analisa o papel da Internet nos processos de polarização,
tomando como exemplo a recente polarização política brasileira
e seus efeitos no debate público. A terceira e a quarta partes olham
para “armas” empregadas nessa guerra travada na rede: o uso de informações falsas ou exageradas ou de outras práticas que podem
causar efeito no debate político, como a utilização de robôs, trolls,
usuários pagos ou perfis falsos. Por fim, na quinta parte, apresentamos
uma caixa de ferramentas, com instrumentos que podem nos
ajudar a evitar efeitos inconscientes ou problemáticos que surgem
da maneira como nos informamos e nos comunicamos na Internet.
individualization processes, the crisis in the ideological frameworks which structured political ... more individualization processes, the crisis in the ideological frameworks which structured political life in the 20 th century, the weakening of political parties -date from before the emergence of communication via the Internet, which is influenced by these preexisting trends, while at the same time modifying them. 3. The bibliography on the effects of the virtual world counterposes "pessimists" and "optimists". The optimists stress that the communication technologies open up new possibilities for horizontal communication among citizens, diminish communication transaction costs in the public space, accelerate communication and eliminate physical distance enabling people and groups to issue opinions and establish dialogues on an unprecedented scale, reducing the relative importance of the old communication media and opening up new alternative information channels for citizens. The pessimists believe that impacts of the Internet are the impoverishment and polarization of political culture and debate, the destruction of privacy -providing the State and companies with access to databanks which enable the manipulation and control of individuals -, and the illusion of Country Case studies Argentina Ni Una Menos Change.og Partido de la Red Brazil Internet Civil Framework Avaaz June 2013 Protests Mídia Ninja Online/off-line: the new fabric of political activism Online support campaigns Online support campaigns for specific causes represent the continuation of a long democratic tradition of support for manifestos or petitions requesting changes in legislation. The use of signatures collected online is still not recognized legally in any of the countries in the region. Alternative ways of using this means of online participation to obtain effective results, must, therefore, be explored. In subsequent chapters , we present three case studies of online support campaigning organizations: Avaaz in Brazil, Change.org in Argentina and YASunidos in Ecuador. Avaaz in Brazil and Change.org in Argentina are global organizations of foreign origin and have existed for a number of years. In these countries they have the largest number of followers (people who have signed at least one petition), in absolute numbers in the case of Brazil and relative to the size of the population in Argentina. YASunidos is an isolated experience related to a specific problem.
Nenhuma parte desta publicação pode ser reproduzida ou transmitida por qualquer meio de comunicaç... more Nenhuma parte desta publicação pode ser reproduzida ou transmitida por qualquer meio de comunicação para uso comercial sem a permissão escrita dos proprietários dos direitos autorais. A publicação ou partes dela podem ser reproduzidas para propósito não-comercial na medida em que a origem da publicação, assim como seus autores, seja reconhecida.
Revista Prohistoria - Año V - Núm. 5. Dossier: Historia y Antropología Jurídicas Rosario, 2001.
Colección: El Estado de la Democracia en América Latina, 2010
INTRODUCCIÓN: DINÁMICAS GEOPOLÍTICAS GLOBALES Y EL FUTURO DE LA DEMOCRACIA EN AMÉRICA LATINA1 Pri... more INTRODUCCIÓN: DINÁMICAS GEOPOLÍTICAS GLOBALES Y EL
FUTURO DE LA DEMOCRACIA EN AMÉRICA LATINA1
Primera edición argentina, 2010
© Bernardo Sorj y Sergio Fausto (compiladores)
© Centro Edelstein de Pesquisas Sociais/Instituto Fernando
Henrique Cardoso
© SIGLO XXI EDITORA IBEROAMERICANA S.A.
El actual cuadro internacional se caracteriza por la disminución del poderío estadounidense, la ascensión de nuevas potencias, en particular China, y el papel estratégico que asumieron los recursos naturales en la inserción de América Latina en los mercados internacionales.
En el caso latinoamericano, o por lo menos sudamericano, la región comenzó a reflejar el nuevo contexto internacional.
Las dinámicas políticas de los países de América Latina no son, y nunca lo fueron, un simple subproducto de las transformaciones del sistema mundial y/o de la voluntad e intereses de potencias defuera de la región. Por lo tanto, dentro de la preocupación que nos orienta —el futuro de la democracia en la región—, los posibles modelos alternativos de inserción económica y geopolítica en el sistema internacional deben ser entendidos como recursos que son apropiados creativamente por los actores sociales y políticos nacionales y traducidos en propuestas de gobierno que avanzan intereses e ideologías de grupos específicos, según características propias de países o grupo de países en la región.
1 Agradecemos a la Open Society Institute, a la Fundación Telefonica y a la Konrad Adenauer Stiftung el apoyo que permitió a Plataforma Democrática (www.plataformademocratica.org) realizar este proyecto.