Bruce Stening - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Bruce Stening
International Journal of Career Management, 1991
The Hong Kong Manager, May 1, 1987
The Journal of Social Psychology, 1984
An examination was made of the response sets of a total of 1647 expatriate and local managers fro... more An examination was made of the response sets of a total of 1647 expatriate and local managers from nine countries who were respondents to a study of stereotyping undertaken in American, British, and Japanese firms in Singapore, and in Japanese firms in Britain, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. The data consisted of responses to semantic differential items. There were marked differences between various nationalities in terms of their tendency to use extreme responses and midpoint responses. Moreover, age and education were shown to have an effect in certain instances.
The Journal of Social Psychology, Jul 1, 2010
The auto-and heterostereotypes of 806 local and expatriate managers in 89 American, British, and ... more The auto-and heterostereotypes of 806 local and expatriate managers in 89 American, British, and Japanese companies in Hong Kong and Singapore were compared. Disparities were computed as Euclidean distances t o identify similar and dissimilar perceptions of groups, and dissimilarities were further examined by comparison of the stereotype perception profiles. The disparities were also used as dissimilarity data for a multidimensional scaling of the auto-and heterostereotypes, yielding a two-dimensional map of the stereotype profiles that is helpful for summarizing and comparing the profiles. The results and the methodology may be useful to multinational corporations in identifying sources of potential conflict and misunderstanding between different cultural groups working together.
Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2015
... Interface Vol. 10 (2010). Title. China 2.0. The transformation of an Emerging Superpower...An... more ... Interface Vol. 10 (2010). Title. China 2.0. The transformation of an Emerging Superpower...And the Opportunities. Authors. Jeffrey Barlow, Pacific University. Publication Date. 1-1-2010. Journal. Interface on the Internet. Volume. 10. Issue. 1. Document Type. Book/Site Review. Rights ...
Academy of Management Proceedings, 1989
Advances in Mergers & Acquisitions, 2013
Thunderbird International Business Review, 2014
Liability of foreignness (LOF) has been one of the building blocks of multinational enterprise th... more Liability of foreignness (LOF) has been one of the building blocks of multinational enterprise theory development, but we have limited knowledge about the liability of foreignness in the context of multinationals operating in developing countries. This study suggests that in a developing country like China, foreignness may still exist, but its negative impact on foreign fi rms' performance may have become insignifi cant. Local Chinese fi rms were found to enjoy signifi cant location-based advantages over their foreign counterparts, contributing to liability of foreignness. However, the adverse effects of liability of foreignness on foreign fi rms appear to be offset by the foreign fi rms' superior fi rm-specifi c and multinationality advantages over local Chinese fi rms. Further, the location-based advantages that foreign fi rms have built up over time further serve to strengthen their overall competitive position in China.
Functioning of the Multinational Corporation, 1980
Journal of Occupational Psychology, 1981
The study reports on the stereotypes of their own group and ofeach other held by local and expatr... more The study reports on the stereotypes of their own group and ofeach other held by local and expatriate managers in 34 American, British and Japanese multinational companies operating in Singapore. The 365 respondents were asked to assess each of the four national groups of managers on 18 items, each consisting of a pair of adjectival antonyms. It was found that the 18 items could be reduced to two principal components explaining about half their total variance, and that the two principal components were consistent between the four national groups of respondents. The two principal components were readily interpretable as relating to performance (functional/dysfunctional) and style (open/closed). The stereotype assessments were reduced to these two dimensions, permitting a discussion of the differences between the autostereotypes and the high and low contact heterostereotypes held by the national groups. Deviations around the group means were used to obtain regressions of the heterostereotype scores against the autostereotype scores. The results support a stereotype projection model, but with each of the principal components being projected independently, and with opposite sign.
Company and Securities Law Journal, 1990
Thunderbird International Business Review, 2011
How do Chinese firms make their entry-mode decision for their outward investments? Based on the t... more How do Chinese firms make their entry-mode decision for their outward investments? Based on the three theoretical perspectives that balance the "strategy tripod," our study conducted empirical tests using survey data collected from outward-investing Chinese firms. We found that the cost advantage of the investing firm and learning opportunities in the host industry have positive effects on the likelihood of a Chinese firm opting for wholly owned subsidiary against joint-venture entry mode, while the market attractiveness of the host industry, host-country restrictions, cultural barriers, and cognitive pressures have negative effects.
The International Executive, 1984
Social Indicators Research, 2012
This study examines the role of cultural values and political ideologies in the development of ma... more This study examines the role of cultural values and political ideologies in the development of materialism, and the impact of materialism on subjective well-being, in the Chinese context. A survey was conducted of 487 persons in two cities in China and the results analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings show that China's pragmatic version of socialist ideology and certain dimensions of Chinese cultural values influence the growth of materialism. In turn, materialism associates negatively with subjective well-being. The findings both provide new empirical evidence to support previous research results and expand understanding of the basis for materialism in China. The paper discusses a number of important public policy questions arising from the results.
Psychological Reports, 1983
Management International Review, 2007
Abstract and Key Results – While the methodological problems associated with international manag... more Abstract and Key Results – While the methodological problems associated with international management research have been widely discussed, much less attention has been given to the ethical dilemmas confronting those who seek to undertake their research in cross-cultural settings. – Three vignettes are used to identify and explore the nature of those ethical dilemmas. Attention is directed at ways in
International Journal of Career Management, 1991
The Hong Kong Manager, May 1, 1987
The Journal of Social Psychology, 1984
An examination was made of the response sets of a total of 1647 expatriate and local managers fro... more An examination was made of the response sets of a total of 1647 expatriate and local managers from nine countries who were respondents to a study of stereotyping undertaken in American, British, and Japanese firms in Singapore, and in Japanese firms in Britain, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. The data consisted of responses to semantic differential items. There were marked differences between various nationalities in terms of their tendency to use extreme responses and midpoint responses. Moreover, age and education were shown to have an effect in certain instances.
The Journal of Social Psychology, Jul 1, 2010
The auto-and heterostereotypes of 806 local and expatriate managers in 89 American, British, and ... more The auto-and heterostereotypes of 806 local and expatriate managers in 89 American, British, and Japanese companies in Hong Kong and Singapore were compared. Disparities were computed as Euclidean distances t o identify similar and dissimilar perceptions of groups, and dissimilarities were further examined by comparison of the stereotype perception profiles. The disparities were also used as dissimilarity data for a multidimensional scaling of the auto-and heterostereotypes, yielding a two-dimensional map of the stereotype profiles that is helpful for summarizing and comparing the profiles. The results and the methodology may be useful to multinational corporations in identifying sources of potential conflict and misunderstanding between different cultural groups working together.
Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2015
... Interface Vol. 10 (2010). Title. China 2.0. The transformation of an Emerging Superpower...An... more ... Interface Vol. 10 (2010). Title. China 2.0. The transformation of an Emerging Superpower...And the Opportunities. Authors. Jeffrey Barlow, Pacific University. Publication Date. 1-1-2010. Journal. Interface on the Internet. Volume. 10. Issue. 1. Document Type. Book/Site Review. Rights ...
Academy of Management Proceedings, 1989
Advances in Mergers & Acquisitions, 2013
Thunderbird International Business Review, 2014
Liability of foreignness (LOF) has been one of the building blocks of multinational enterprise th... more Liability of foreignness (LOF) has been one of the building blocks of multinational enterprise theory development, but we have limited knowledge about the liability of foreignness in the context of multinationals operating in developing countries. This study suggests that in a developing country like China, foreignness may still exist, but its negative impact on foreign fi rms' performance may have become insignifi cant. Local Chinese fi rms were found to enjoy signifi cant location-based advantages over their foreign counterparts, contributing to liability of foreignness. However, the adverse effects of liability of foreignness on foreign fi rms appear to be offset by the foreign fi rms' superior fi rm-specifi c and multinationality advantages over local Chinese fi rms. Further, the location-based advantages that foreign fi rms have built up over time further serve to strengthen their overall competitive position in China.
Functioning of the Multinational Corporation, 1980
Journal of Occupational Psychology, 1981
The study reports on the stereotypes of their own group and ofeach other held by local and expatr... more The study reports on the stereotypes of their own group and ofeach other held by local and expatriate managers in 34 American, British and Japanese multinational companies operating in Singapore. The 365 respondents were asked to assess each of the four national groups of managers on 18 items, each consisting of a pair of adjectival antonyms. It was found that the 18 items could be reduced to two principal components explaining about half their total variance, and that the two principal components were consistent between the four national groups of respondents. The two principal components were readily interpretable as relating to performance (functional/dysfunctional) and style (open/closed). The stereotype assessments were reduced to these two dimensions, permitting a discussion of the differences between the autostereotypes and the high and low contact heterostereotypes held by the national groups. Deviations around the group means were used to obtain regressions of the heterostereotype scores against the autostereotype scores. The results support a stereotype projection model, but with each of the principal components being projected independently, and with opposite sign.
Company and Securities Law Journal, 1990
Thunderbird International Business Review, 2011
How do Chinese firms make their entry-mode decision for their outward investments? Based on the t... more How do Chinese firms make their entry-mode decision for their outward investments? Based on the three theoretical perspectives that balance the "strategy tripod," our study conducted empirical tests using survey data collected from outward-investing Chinese firms. We found that the cost advantage of the investing firm and learning opportunities in the host industry have positive effects on the likelihood of a Chinese firm opting for wholly owned subsidiary against joint-venture entry mode, while the market attractiveness of the host industry, host-country restrictions, cultural barriers, and cognitive pressures have negative effects.
The International Executive, 1984
Social Indicators Research, 2012
This study examines the role of cultural values and political ideologies in the development of ma... more This study examines the role of cultural values and political ideologies in the development of materialism, and the impact of materialism on subjective well-being, in the Chinese context. A survey was conducted of 487 persons in two cities in China and the results analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings show that China's pragmatic version of socialist ideology and certain dimensions of Chinese cultural values influence the growth of materialism. In turn, materialism associates negatively with subjective well-being. The findings both provide new empirical evidence to support previous research results and expand understanding of the basis for materialism in China. The paper discusses a number of important public policy questions arising from the results.
Psychological Reports, 1983
Management International Review, 2007
Abstract and Key Results – While the methodological problems associated with international manag... more Abstract and Key Results – While the methodological problems associated with international management research have been widely discussed, much less attention has been given to the ethical dilemmas confronting those who seek to undertake their research in cross-cultural settings. – Three vignettes are used to identify and explore the nature of those ethical dilemmas. Attention is directed at ways in