Elena Badea - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Elena Badea
Revista de Chimie, 2001
This paper presents a comprehensive deterioration profiling of the leather bookbinding of Cazania... more This paper presents a comprehensive deterioration profiling of the leather bookbinding of Cazania lui Vaarlam printed in 1643 and owned by the National Museum of Romanian Literature. A complex analytical approach encompassing spectroscopic techniques and thermal analysis methods was set up for the leather bookbinding to investigate collagen structural changes induced by ageing and assess the conservation condition of leather before the book restoration. The results� correlation at various structural levels brings out a detailed damage picture. The presence of gelatine was identified on the bookbinding surface through ATR-FTIR and MHT method while bulk / depth profile analysis such as micro DSC and NMR MOUSE indicated the decrease of the hydrothermal stability and collagen matrix rigidity mainly due to de-tanning.
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2021
Abstract Leather artefacts, archaeological, historical or modern, are prone to microbiological at... more Abstract Leather artefacts, archaeological, historical or modern, are prone to microbiological attack which could lead to irreversible degradation. Previous studies performed on new leather mock-ups indicated good resistance of leather at doses up to (25–50) kGy. The aim of this research is to improve our understanding about the changes in the thermal stability and structural order of collagen within vegetable-tanned leather exposed to gamma irradiation. Variously vegetable-tanned leather samples were therefore exposed to irradiation with Co-60 gamma-rays with increasing doses (10–100 kGy) and the dose-dependent effect on collagen-tannin matrix was investigated using micro-DSC, the best technique for determining proteins' thermal stability, coupled with FTIR-ATR and NMR MOUSE spectroscopy, to enhance the analytical coverage of the calorimetric profile. FTIR-ATR technique revealed the very subtle changes in collagen at the molecular (lower order) level by, which are reflected in the properties of the structures with a higher level of order, namely the hydrothermal stability of fibrils (measured by micro-DSC) and mobility of macromolecular chains (determined by NMR MOUSE). It was proved that a 10 kGy dose causes significant variation on collagen molecular structure, fibrils hydrothermal stability, and macromolecular chain's mobility when the collagen-tannin matrix is already thermally destabilized and present a wide distribution of collagen populations with distinct thermal stability. On the other hand, leathers characterized by high thermal stability and homogeneous distribution of collagen populations better withstood radiation up to either 25 kGy or 50 kGy, depending on the collagen-tannin interactions' strength. This protocol, with high analytical and diagnostic sensitivity, can thus be applied to characterize a broader range of collagen materials sterilized/crosslinked with gamma radiation.
Leather and Footwear Journal
This study aims to characterize new and artificially aged parchments. Parchment samples of calf, ... more This study aims to characterize new and artificially aged parchments. Parchment samples of calf, sheep, goat and pig were exposed to artificial ageing at 70°C in 3 cycles: first cycle for 7 days, second cycle for 14 days and 21 days for the 3 rd cycle. Thus, a treatment temperature of 70°C was selected to avoid sudden structural changes and rapid collagen denaturation. To evaluate the deterioration degree of parchments, the samples exposed to the first cycle were subjected to physical-mechanical, chemical tests and shrinkage temperature while the samples exposed to the second and 3 rd cycle to physical-mechanical test. Depending on the ageing cycles significant changes were reported. The accelerated ageing of parchments degraded the physical-mechanical properties and lowered the shrinkage temperature. The behavior of sheep and goat parchment samples to accelerated ageing suggests a rather high deterioration in the hydrothermal stability. KEYWORDS: physical-mechanical properties, shrinkage temperature, parchment, collagen, accelerated ageing CARACTERIZAREA PERGAMENTELOR NOI ŞI ÎMBĂTRÂNITE ARTIFICIAL REZUMAT. Acest studiu își propune să caracterizeze pergamentele noi și îmbătrânite artificial. Probe de pergament de vițel, oaie, capră și porc au fost expuse la îmbătrânire artificială la 70°C în 3 cicluri: primul ciclu timp de 7 zile, al doilea ciclu timp de 14 zile și 21 de zile pentru al 3-lea ciclu. A fost selectată astfel o temperatură de tratare de 70°C pentru a evita schimbările bruște structurale și denaturarea rapidă a colagenului. Pentru a evalua gradul de deteriorare a pergamentelor probele expuse la primul ciclu de îmbătrânire au fost testate prin analize fizico-mecanice, chimice și temperatura de contracție, iar probele expuse la ciclurile II și III la analize fizico-mecanice. În funcție de ciclurile de îmbătrânire au fost raportate modificări semnificative. Îmbătrânirea accelerată a pergamentelor a produs degradări ale proprietăților fizicomecanice și ale temperaturii de contracție. Comportamentul probelor de pergament de ovine și caprine la îmbătrânirea accelerată sugerează o deteriorare destul de mare a stabilității hidrotermice. CUVINTE CHEIE: proprietăți fizico-mecanice, temperatura de contracție, pergament, colagen, îmbătrânire accelerată CARACTÉRISATION DES PARCHEMINS NOUVEAUX ET ÂGÉS ARTIFICIELLEMENT RÉSUMÉ. Cette étude vise à caractériser les parchemins nouveaux et artificiellement âgés. Des échantillons de parchemin de veau, mouton, chèvre et porc ont été exposés au vieillissement artificiel à 70°C en 3 cycles : premier cycle pendant 7 jours, deuxième cycle pendant 14 jours et 21 jours pour le 3 e cycle. Ainsi on a choisi une température de traitement de 70°C pour éviter les changements structurels soudains et dénaturation rapide du collagène. Des tests physico-mécaniques, chimiques et de température de retrait ont été utilisés pour évaluer le degré de détérioration des parchemins. Selon les cycles de vieillissement, des changements importants ont été signalés. Le vieillissement accéléré des parchemins a provoqué des dégradations des propriétés physico-mécaniques et de la température de retrait. Le comportement des échantillons de parchemins de mouton et de chèvre au vieillissement accéléré suggère une détérioration assez élevée de la stabilité hydrothermale. MOTS CLÉS : propriétés physico-mécaniques, température de retrait, parchemin, collagène, vieillissement accéléré
Heritage Science
In this study we used an analytical approach based on complementary techniques that targets all s... more In this study we used an analytical approach based on complementary techniques that targets all structural levels of collagen in leather to investigate how vegetable-tanned leather deteriorates during soil burial tests. For the first time, a group of deterioration markers specific to molecular, fibrillar and fibrous structure of collagen in leather was associated with the deterioration of buried leather. The application of the second order derivative of FTIR-ATR spectra analysis allowed us to detect loosening of collagen–tannin matrix, de-tanning and gelatin formation based on the behaviour of collagen and tannin spectral components (intensity variation and shifts). Collagen denaturation observed by DSC analysis and its thermo-oxidative behaviour measured by TG/DTG analysis, as well as the altered morphology of collagen (namely melt-like fibres and distorted fibrillar ultrastructure) imaged by SEM confirmed the FTIR-ATR analyis results. These analytical outcomes enabled us to unders...
Annals of the University of Oradea: Fascicle of Textiles, Leatherwork, 2020
The parchment is an unparalleled writing medium, to which humanity is dependent on most of the wr... more The parchment is an unparalleled writing medium, to which humanity is dependent on most of the written testimonies of our history and culture. Parchment is much more resistant to breakage and water action compared to papyrus, which was the quintessentially used writing material for the entire Greek and Latin world and the Near and Middle East since the third century AD. Parchment reached its peak during the Middle Ages, but then set slowly due to the advent of printing and the introduction in Europe of papermaking technology, a much more economical and suitable material for printing, but also much less durable. However, the use of parchment has not completely disappeared, it continues to be used for restoration, for diplomas and government documents (laws are still transcribed on parchment in the UK). The centers where parchment is still manufactured in Europe are only a few, and within the Bucharest Leather and Footwear Research Institute Division is the only place in Eastern Europ...
Mihaela NICULESCU 5 , Horia IOVU 6 Collagen water interactions and its secondary structure in var... more Mihaela NICULESCU 5 , Horia IOVU 6 Collagen water interactions and its secondary structure in various collagen based-materials were non-invasively investigated by NMR-MOUSE and ATR-FTIR. NMR-MOUSE measurements showed that spin-lattice relaxation time T1 can differentiate among gelatin, parchment and vegetable leather, being indicative of the degree of ordering of water in collagen materials. The short spin-spin relaxation time T2eff-short also discriminates among leather, parchment and gelatine but does not depend on the tannin type or collagen species. The long spin-spin relaxation time T2eff-long clearly differentiates between parchment (lower values) and leather (higher values) as well as between bovine and fish gelatin. ATR-FTIR measurements have shown that the relative positions and intensities of the amide bands are indicative of the interferences in hydrogen binding caused by the various fabrication processes as well as of the collagen species.
1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, Calea Bucuresti 107 I, 20... more 1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, Calea Bucuresti 107 I, 200512 Craiova, Romania 2. Division Leather and Footwear, National Research and Development Institute for Textile and Leather (INCDTPICPI), Ion Minulescu Str. 93, 031215 Bucharest, Romania 3. School of Conservation, Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Esplanaden 34, 1263 Copenhagen C, Denmark 4. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivanovo State Chemistry & Technology University, F. Engels prosp. 7, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia 5. Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
The paper refers to a composition with antifungal and antibacterial effect in order to test new m... more The paper refers to a composition with antifungal and antibacterial effect in order to test new materials for preserving heritage objects on collagen support with bactericidal/antifungal role, essential oils-based from Vetrice (Tanacetum vulgare, Compositae family), having antifungal and antibacterial properties. The biocidal effect of plant extracts is due to the presence of constituent agents, such as alcohols, ethers, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, which makes them extremely effective against a wide range of microbial strains. The essential oil was obtained by boiling the plants through continuous hydrodistillation with Clevenger refrigerant. The testing of the antimicrobial efficiency of the plant extracts was performed on two strains of pathogenic fungi, respectively Trichophyton interdigitale and Epidermophyton floccosum. The microbial inoculum was mixed with the plant extract from various sources (leaves, flowers and mixed flower-leaves). All extracts were tested in duplicate a...
The International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems, 2016
Leather heritage and art bindery require special performances regarding physical, chemical, mecha... more Leather heritage and art bindery require special performances regarding physical, chemical, mechanical, organoleptic and esthetics characteristics but also a good stability over a long period of time. unlike chrome tanned leather, vegetable tanned leather is ecological, and provides better firmness, fullness, malleability and dimensional stability as well as heat and moisture plasticity, resistance to light radiations and hydrothermal stability. The leather quality requirements for niche domains like heritage and art bindery cannot be satisfied by the standardized industrial processes. In order to obtain the most appropriate mix of qualities, the selection of both fresh leather (e.g. animal species and age) and technology is required from batch to batch. Since vegetable leather is intrinsically an inhomogeneous material, still it is necessary an improved knowledge on the relationship between fabrication technology and leather properties. This paper therefore focuses on the mechanical characterisation of vegetable leathers in relation to their thickness and anatomic topography.
Leather is a complex material mostly consisting of a matrix of collagen, chemically stabilized by... more Leather is a complex material mostly consisting of a matrix of collagen, chemically stabilized by various tannins. This matrix, sooner or later undergoes alterations as a consequence of interactions between their structure and environment. A comprehensive study based on multiple chemical and physico-mechanical standard tests regarding leather samples which were artificially aged from 7 to 112 days has been made at 70°C. The behavior in artificial aging of calf leather samples tanned at pilot level with two different vegetal tannins, mimosa and quebracho, were investigated due to its’s similarity to the natural degradation of historical leather samples. Physico-mechanical characteristics of historical leather can be corelated with the high impact of degree of deterioration even though there are no standard regulations. To be able to choose the proper way to achieve compatibility with an appropriate material in the restoration-conservation process, multiple sample characteristic must ...
The methods for processing raw hides over time, have been numerous: smoke, fat, fermented milk, e... more The methods for processing raw hides over time, have been numerous: smoke, fat, fermented milk, egg, volcanic soils, plants (shells, fruits, leaves) and so on. The books binding with leather has its origins in the Orient and are known various types of goatskin and calfskin, tanned with sumac finished marbled (sapphire), in black (Moroccan), by floating and dyeing in various colors (Cordoba leathers). Preoccupations regarding the assurance of optimal characteristics for the binding leathers, respectively the durability of the leathers for the restoration of the patrimony objects or of the modern binding were of the most topicality in the last decades, abroad and also in our country. The paper describes the finishing of vegetable and alum tanned leather samples that have been functionalized with titanium dioxide (TiO2) or nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) nanopowders, in different concentrations. To simulate soiling in real conditions, four types of soiling agents were applied:...
In this study NMR MOUSE and micro DSC techniques were used to investigate the interaction between... more In this study NMR MOUSE and micro DSC techniques were used to investigate the interaction between collagen and various vegetable tannins during leather making process with the aim of gaining a deeper understanding of different water environment in relation to tannin type. We have previously showed that relaxation times may provide useful information on collagen matrix properties. The vegetable tanned leathers were obtained by patented techniques inspired from ancient recipes at the National R&D Institute for Textile and Leather, ICPI Division, Bucharest using various vegetable extracts such as myrobalan, gambier and chestnut. Longitudinal and transversal relaxation times T1 and T2eff were measured using a PM2 portable NMR-MOUSE with 20.05 MHz frequency. Micro DSC measurements were carried out with a high-sensitivity SETARAM Micro-DSC III in the temperature range (5 to 95) °C at 0.5 K min-1 heating rate. The investigated leathers showed significant differences in the values of spin-s...
In this study we used an analytical approach based on complementary techniques that targets all s... more In this study we used an analytical approach based on complementary techniques that targets all structural levels of collagen to investigate the effects of burrial tests on vegetable-tanned lather. For the first time, a group of deterioration markers specific to molecular, fibrillar and and fibrous structure of collagen in leather was associated with the anaerobic condition of burried leather. Gelatin was identified both through the FTIR-ATR spectral markers (molecular alteration of collageneous triple helix structure) and SEM imaging (alteration of fibrils and fibres morphology). Loosening of collagen-tannin interaction and de-tanning were detected by the application of second derivative spectral analysis. Collagen denaturing profile was evidenced by DSC analysis and documented by SEM observations at high magnification, while TG/DTG analysis gave information on the leather thermo-oxidative deterioration. Our results confirmed that the shrinkage temperature measured by MHT method co...
Heritage Science, Nov 22, 2019
CLAUDIU SENDREA, ELENA BADEA, LUCRETIA MIU, MADALINA IGNAT, HORIA IOVU 1 National Research and De... more CLAUDIU SENDREA, ELENA BADEA, LUCRETIA MIU, MADALINA IGNAT, HORIA IOVU 1 National Research and Development Institute for Textile and Leather, ICPI Division (INCDTPICPI), Bucharest, Romania, claudiusendrea@yahoo.com 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Craiova, Romania, elena.badea@unito.it 3 Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania, iovu@tsocm.pub.ro
Collagen water interactions and its secondary structure in various collagen based-materials were ... more Collagen water interactions and its secondary structure in various collagen based-materials were non-invasively investigated by NMR-MOUSE and ATR-FTIR. NMR-MOUSE measurements showed that spin-lattice relaxation time T1 can differentiate among gelatin, parchment and vegetable leather, being indicative of the degree of ordering of water in collagen materials. The short spin-spin relaxation time T2eff-short also discriminates among leather, parchment and gelatine but does not depend on the tannin type or collagen species. The long spin-spin relaxation time T2eff-long clearly differentiates between parchment (lower values) and leather (higher values) as well as between bovine and fish gelatin. ATR-FTIR measurements have shown that the relative positions and intensities of the amide bands are indicative of the interferences in hydrogen binding caused by the various fabrication processes as well as of the collagen species.
Revista de Chimie, 2001
This paper presents a comprehensive deterioration profiling of the leather bookbinding of Cazania... more This paper presents a comprehensive deterioration profiling of the leather bookbinding of Cazania lui Vaarlam printed in 1643 and owned by the National Museum of Romanian Literature. A complex analytical approach encompassing spectroscopic techniques and thermal analysis methods was set up for the leather bookbinding to investigate collagen structural changes induced by ageing and assess the conservation condition of leather before the book restoration. The results' correlation at various structural levels brings out a detailed damage picture. The presence of gelatine was identified on the bookbinding surface through ATR-FTIR and MHT method while bulk / depth profile analysis such as micro DSC and NMR MOUSE indicated the decrease of the hydrothermal stability and collagen matrix rigidity mainly due to de-tanning.
Revista de Chimie, 2001
This paper presents a comprehensive deterioration profiling of the leather bookbinding of Cazania... more This paper presents a comprehensive deterioration profiling of the leather bookbinding of Cazania lui Vaarlam printed in 1643 and owned by the National Museum of Romanian Literature. A complex analytical approach encompassing spectroscopic techniques and thermal analysis methods was set up for the leather bookbinding to investigate collagen structural changes induced by ageing and assess the conservation condition of leather before the book restoration. The results� correlation at various structural levels brings out a detailed damage picture. The presence of gelatine was identified on the bookbinding surface through ATR-FTIR and MHT method while bulk / depth profile analysis such as micro DSC and NMR MOUSE indicated the decrease of the hydrothermal stability and collagen matrix rigidity mainly due to de-tanning.
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2021
Abstract Leather artefacts, archaeological, historical or modern, are prone to microbiological at... more Abstract Leather artefacts, archaeological, historical or modern, are prone to microbiological attack which could lead to irreversible degradation. Previous studies performed on new leather mock-ups indicated good resistance of leather at doses up to (25–50) kGy. The aim of this research is to improve our understanding about the changes in the thermal stability and structural order of collagen within vegetable-tanned leather exposed to gamma irradiation. Variously vegetable-tanned leather samples were therefore exposed to irradiation with Co-60 gamma-rays with increasing doses (10–100 kGy) and the dose-dependent effect on collagen-tannin matrix was investigated using micro-DSC, the best technique for determining proteins' thermal stability, coupled with FTIR-ATR and NMR MOUSE spectroscopy, to enhance the analytical coverage of the calorimetric profile. FTIR-ATR technique revealed the very subtle changes in collagen at the molecular (lower order) level by, which are reflected in the properties of the structures with a higher level of order, namely the hydrothermal stability of fibrils (measured by micro-DSC) and mobility of macromolecular chains (determined by NMR MOUSE). It was proved that a 10 kGy dose causes significant variation on collagen molecular structure, fibrils hydrothermal stability, and macromolecular chain's mobility when the collagen-tannin matrix is already thermally destabilized and present a wide distribution of collagen populations with distinct thermal stability. On the other hand, leathers characterized by high thermal stability and homogeneous distribution of collagen populations better withstood radiation up to either 25 kGy or 50 kGy, depending on the collagen-tannin interactions' strength. This protocol, with high analytical and diagnostic sensitivity, can thus be applied to characterize a broader range of collagen materials sterilized/crosslinked with gamma radiation.
Leather and Footwear Journal
This study aims to characterize new and artificially aged parchments. Parchment samples of calf, ... more This study aims to characterize new and artificially aged parchments. Parchment samples of calf, sheep, goat and pig were exposed to artificial ageing at 70°C in 3 cycles: first cycle for 7 days, second cycle for 14 days and 21 days for the 3 rd cycle. Thus, a treatment temperature of 70°C was selected to avoid sudden structural changes and rapid collagen denaturation. To evaluate the deterioration degree of parchments, the samples exposed to the first cycle were subjected to physical-mechanical, chemical tests and shrinkage temperature while the samples exposed to the second and 3 rd cycle to physical-mechanical test. Depending on the ageing cycles significant changes were reported. The accelerated ageing of parchments degraded the physical-mechanical properties and lowered the shrinkage temperature. The behavior of sheep and goat parchment samples to accelerated ageing suggests a rather high deterioration in the hydrothermal stability. KEYWORDS: physical-mechanical properties, shrinkage temperature, parchment, collagen, accelerated ageing CARACTERIZAREA PERGAMENTELOR NOI ŞI ÎMBĂTRÂNITE ARTIFICIAL REZUMAT. Acest studiu își propune să caracterizeze pergamentele noi și îmbătrânite artificial. Probe de pergament de vițel, oaie, capră și porc au fost expuse la îmbătrânire artificială la 70°C în 3 cicluri: primul ciclu timp de 7 zile, al doilea ciclu timp de 14 zile și 21 de zile pentru al 3-lea ciclu. A fost selectată astfel o temperatură de tratare de 70°C pentru a evita schimbările bruște structurale și denaturarea rapidă a colagenului. Pentru a evalua gradul de deteriorare a pergamentelor probele expuse la primul ciclu de îmbătrânire au fost testate prin analize fizico-mecanice, chimice și temperatura de contracție, iar probele expuse la ciclurile II și III la analize fizico-mecanice. În funcție de ciclurile de îmbătrânire au fost raportate modificări semnificative. Îmbătrânirea accelerată a pergamentelor a produs degradări ale proprietăților fizicomecanice și ale temperaturii de contracție. Comportamentul probelor de pergament de ovine și caprine la îmbătrânirea accelerată sugerează o deteriorare destul de mare a stabilității hidrotermice. CUVINTE CHEIE: proprietăți fizico-mecanice, temperatura de contracție, pergament, colagen, îmbătrânire accelerată CARACTÉRISATION DES PARCHEMINS NOUVEAUX ET ÂGÉS ARTIFICIELLEMENT RÉSUMÉ. Cette étude vise à caractériser les parchemins nouveaux et artificiellement âgés. Des échantillons de parchemin de veau, mouton, chèvre et porc ont été exposés au vieillissement artificiel à 70°C en 3 cycles : premier cycle pendant 7 jours, deuxième cycle pendant 14 jours et 21 jours pour le 3 e cycle. Ainsi on a choisi une température de traitement de 70°C pour éviter les changements structurels soudains et dénaturation rapide du collagène. Des tests physico-mécaniques, chimiques et de température de retrait ont été utilisés pour évaluer le degré de détérioration des parchemins. Selon les cycles de vieillissement, des changements importants ont été signalés. Le vieillissement accéléré des parchemins a provoqué des dégradations des propriétés physico-mécaniques et de la température de retrait. Le comportement des échantillons de parchemins de mouton et de chèvre au vieillissement accéléré suggère une détérioration assez élevée de la stabilité hydrothermale. MOTS CLÉS : propriétés physico-mécaniques, température de retrait, parchemin, collagène, vieillissement accéléré
Heritage Science
In this study we used an analytical approach based on complementary techniques that targets all s... more In this study we used an analytical approach based on complementary techniques that targets all structural levels of collagen in leather to investigate how vegetable-tanned leather deteriorates during soil burial tests. For the first time, a group of deterioration markers specific to molecular, fibrillar and fibrous structure of collagen in leather was associated with the deterioration of buried leather. The application of the second order derivative of FTIR-ATR spectra analysis allowed us to detect loosening of collagen–tannin matrix, de-tanning and gelatin formation based on the behaviour of collagen and tannin spectral components (intensity variation and shifts). Collagen denaturation observed by DSC analysis and its thermo-oxidative behaviour measured by TG/DTG analysis, as well as the altered morphology of collagen (namely melt-like fibres and distorted fibrillar ultrastructure) imaged by SEM confirmed the FTIR-ATR analyis results. These analytical outcomes enabled us to unders...
Annals of the University of Oradea: Fascicle of Textiles, Leatherwork, 2020
The parchment is an unparalleled writing medium, to which humanity is dependent on most of the wr... more The parchment is an unparalleled writing medium, to which humanity is dependent on most of the written testimonies of our history and culture. Parchment is much more resistant to breakage and water action compared to papyrus, which was the quintessentially used writing material for the entire Greek and Latin world and the Near and Middle East since the third century AD. Parchment reached its peak during the Middle Ages, but then set slowly due to the advent of printing and the introduction in Europe of papermaking technology, a much more economical and suitable material for printing, but also much less durable. However, the use of parchment has not completely disappeared, it continues to be used for restoration, for diplomas and government documents (laws are still transcribed on parchment in the UK). The centers where parchment is still manufactured in Europe are only a few, and within the Bucharest Leather and Footwear Research Institute Division is the only place in Eastern Europ...
Mihaela NICULESCU 5 , Horia IOVU 6 Collagen water interactions and its secondary structure in var... more Mihaela NICULESCU 5 , Horia IOVU 6 Collagen water interactions and its secondary structure in various collagen based-materials were non-invasively investigated by NMR-MOUSE and ATR-FTIR. NMR-MOUSE measurements showed that spin-lattice relaxation time T1 can differentiate among gelatin, parchment and vegetable leather, being indicative of the degree of ordering of water in collagen materials. The short spin-spin relaxation time T2eff-short also discriminates among leather, parchment and gelatine but does not depend on the tannin type or collagen species. The long spin-spin relaxation time T2eff-long clearly differentiates between parchment (lower values) and leather (higher values) as well as between bovine and fish gelatin. ATR-FTIR measurements have shown that the relative positions and intensities of the amide bands are indicative of the interferences in hydrogen binding caused by the various fabrication processes as well as of the collagen species.
1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, Calea Bucuresti 107 I, 20... more 1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, Calea Bucuresti 107 I, 200512 Craiova, Romania 2. Division Leather and Footwear, National Research and Development Institute for Textile and Leather (INCDTPICPI), Ion Minulescu Str. 93, 031215 Bucharest, Romania 3. School of Conservation, Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Esplanaden 34, 1263 Copenhagen C, Denmark 4. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivanovo State Chemistry & Technology University, F. Engels prosp. 7, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia 5. Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
The paper refers to a composition with antifungal and antibacterial effect in order to test new m... more The paper refers to a composition with antifungal and antibacterial effect in order to test new materials for preserving heritage objects on collagen support with bactericidal/antifungal role, essential oils-based from Vetrice (Tanacetum vulgare, Compositae family), having antifungal and antibacterial properties. The biocidal effect of plant extracts is due to the presence of constituent agents, such as alcohols, ethers, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, which makes them extremely effective against a wide range of microbial strains. The essential oil was obtained by boiling the plants through continuous hydrodistillation with Clevenger refrigerant. The testing of the antimicrobial efficiency of the plant extracts was performed on two strains of pathogenic fungi, respectively Trichophyton interdigitale and Epidermophyton floccosum. The microbial inoculum was mixed with the plant extract from various sources (leaves, flowers and mixed flower-leaves). All extracts were tested in duplicate a...
The International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems, 2016
Leather heritage and art bindery require special performances regarding physical, chemical, mecha... more Leather heritage and art bindery require special performances regarding physical, chemical, mechanical, organoleptic and esthetics characteristics but also a good stability over a long period of time. unlike chrome tanned leather, vegetable tanned leather is ecological, and provides better firmness, fullness, malleability and dimensional stability as well as heat and moisture plasticity, resistance to light radiations and hydrothermal stability. The leather quality requirements for niche domains like heritage and art bindery cannot be satisfied by the standardized industrial processes. In order to obtain the most appropriate mix of qualities, the selection of both fresh leather (e.g. animal species and age) and technology is required from batch to batch. Since vegetable leather is intrinsically an inhomogeneous material, still it is necessary an improved knowledge on the relationship between fabrication technology and leather properties. This paper therefore focuses on the mechanical characterisation of vegetable leathers in relation to their thickness and anatomic topography.
Leather is a complex material mostly consisting of a matrix of collagen, chemically stabilized by... more Leather is a complex material mostly consisting of a matrix of collagen, chemically stabilized by various tannins. This matrix, sooner or later undergoes alterations as a consequence of interactions between their structure and environment. A comprehensive study based on multiple chemical and physico-mechanical standard tests regarding leather samples which were artificially aged from 7 to 112 days has been made at 70°C. The behavior in artificial aging of calf leather samples tanned at pilot level with two different vegetal tannins, mimosa and quebracho, were investigated due to its’s similarity to the natural degradation of historical leather samples. Physico-mechanical characteristics of historical leather can be corelated with the high impact of degree of deterioration even though there are no standard regulations. To be able to choose the proper way to achieve compatibility with an appropriate material in the restoration-conservation process, multiple sample characteristic must ...
The methods for processing raw hides over time, have been numerous: smoke, fat, fermented milk, e... more The methods for processing raw hides over time, have been numerous: smoke, fat, fermented milk, egg, volcanic soils, plants (shells, fruits, leaves) and so on. The books binding with leather has its origins in the Orient and are known various types of goatskin and calfskin, tanned with sumac finished marbled (sapphire), in black (Moroccan), by floating and dyeing in various colors (Cordoba leathers). Preoccupations regarding the assurance of optimal characteristics for the binding leathers, respectively the durability of the leathers for the restoration of the patrimony objects or of the modern binding were of the most topicality in the last decades, abroad and also in our country. The paper describes the finishing of vegetable and alum tanned leather samples that have been functionalized with titanium dioxide (TiO2) or nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) nanopowders, in different concentrations. To simulate soiling in real conditions, four types of soiling agents were applied:...
In this study NMR MOUSE and micro DSC techniques were used to investigate the interaction between... more In this study NMR MOUSE and micro DSC techniques were used to investigate the interaction between collagen and various vegetable tannins during leather making process with the aim of gaining a deeper understanding of different water environment in relation to tannin type. We have previously showed that relaxation times may provide useful information on collagen matrix properties. The vegetable tanned leathers were obtained by patented techniques inspired from ancient recipes at the National R&D Institute for Textile and Leather, ICPI Division, Bucharest using various vegetable extracts such as myrobalan, gambier and chestnut. Longitudinal and transversal relaxation times T1 and T2eff were measured using a PM2 portable NMR-MOUSE with 20.05 MHz frequency. Micro DSC measurements were carried out with a high-sensitivity SETARAM Micro-DSC III in the temperature range (5 to 95) °C at 0.5 K min-1 heating rate. The investigated leathers showed significant differences in the values of spin-s...
In this study we used an analytical approach based on complementary techniques that targets all s... more In this study we used an analytical approach based on complementary techniques that targets all structural levels of collagen to investigate the effects of burrial tests on vegetable-tanned lather. For the first time, a group of deterioration markers specific to molecular, fibrillar and and fibrous structure of collagen in leather was associated with the anaerobic condition of burried leather. Gelatin was identified both through the FTIR-ATR spectral markers (molecular alteration of collageneous triple helix structure) and SEM imaging (alteration of fibrils and fibres morphology). Loosening of collagen-tannin interaction and de-tanning were detected by the application of second derivative spectral analysis. Collagen denaturing profile was evidenced by DSC analysis and documented by SEM observations at high magnification, while TG/DTG analysis gave information on the leather thermo-oxidative deterioration. Our results confirmed that the shrinkage temperature measured by MHT method co...
Heritage Science, Nov 22, 2019
CLAUDIU SENDREA, ELENA BADEA, LUCRETIA MIU, MADALINA IGNAT, HORIA IOVU 1 National Research and De... more CLAUDIU SENDREA, ELENA BADEA, LUCRETIA MIU, MADALINA IGNAT, HORIA IOVU 1 National Research and Development Institute for Textile and Leather, ICPI Division (INCDTPICPI), Bucharest, Romania, claudiusendrea@yahoo.com 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Craiova, Romania, elena.badea@unito.it 3 Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania, iovu@tsocm.pub.ro
Collagen water interactions and its secondary structure in various collagen based-materials were ... more Collagen water interactions and its secondary structure in various collagen based-materials were non-invasively investigated by NMR-MOUSE and ATR-FTIR. NMR-MOUSE measurements showed that spin-lattice relaxation time T1 can differentiate among gelatin, parchment and vegetable leather, being indicative of the degree of ordering of water in collagen materials. The short spin-spin relaxation time T2eff-short also discriminates among leather, parchment and gelatine but does not depend on the tannin type or collagen species. The long spin-spin relaxation time T2eff-long clearly differentiates between parchment (lower values) and leather (higher values) as well as between bovine and fish gelatin. ATR-FTIR measurements have shown that the relative positions and intensities of the amide bands are indicative of the interferences in hydrogen binding caused by the various fabrication processes as well as of the collagen species.
Revista de Chimie, 2001
This paper presents a comprehensive deterioration profiling of the leather bookbinding of Cazania... more This paper presents a comprehensive deterioration profiling of the leather bookbinding of Cazania lui Vaarlam printed in 1643 and owned by the National Museum of Romanian Literature. A complex analytical approach encompassing spectroscopic techniques and thermal analysis methods was set up for the leather bookbinding to investigate collagen structural changes induced by ageing and assess the conservation condition of leather before the book restoration. The results' correlation at various structural levels brings out a detailed damage picture. The presence of gelatine was identified on the bookbinding surface through ATR-FTIR and MHT method while bulk / depth profile analysis such as micro DSC and NMR MOUSE indicated the decrease of the hydrothermal stability and collagen matrix rigidity mainly due to de-tanning.