Badri Nath - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Badri Nath

Position information of individual nodes is useful in implementing functions such as routing and ... more Position information of individual nodes is useful in implementing functions such as routing and querying in ad-hoc networks. Deriving position information by using the capability of the nodes to measure time of arrival (TOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), angle of arrival (AOA) and signal strength have been used to localize nodes relative to a frame of reference. The nodes in an ad-hoc network can have multiple capabilities and exploiting one or more of the capabilities can improve the quality of positioning. In this paper, we show how AOA capability of the nodes can be used to derive position information. We propose a method for all nodes to determine their orientation and position in an ad-hoc network where only a fraction of the nodes have positioning capabilities, under the assumption that each node has the AOA capability. Index Termsad hoc networks, positioning, orientation, digital compass, AOA. 0-7803-7753-2/03/$17.00 (C)

Many ad hoc network protocols and applications assume the knowledge of geographic location of nod... more Many ad hoc network protocols and applications assume the knowledge of geographic location of nodes. The absolute location of each networked node is an assumed fact by most sensor networks which can then present the sensed information on a geographical map. Finding location without the aid of GPS in each node of an ad hoc network is important in cases where GPS is either not accessible, or not practical to use due to power, form factor or line of sight conditions. Location would also enable routing in sufficiently isotropic large networks, without the use of large routing tables. We are proposing APS -a distributed, hop by hop positioning algorithm, that works as an extension of both distance vector routing and GPS positioning in order to provide approximate location for all nodes in a network where only a limited fraction of nodes have self location capability.

Trajectory based forwarding (TBF) is a novel method to forward packets in a dense ad hoc network ... more Trajectory based forwarding (TBF) is a novel method to forward packets in a dense ad hoc network that makes it possible to route a packet along a predefined curve. It is a hybrid between source based routing and Cartesian forwarding in that the trajectory is set by the source, but the forwarding decision is based on the relationship to the trajectory rather than names of intermediate nodes. The fundamental aspects of TBF are: it decouples path naming from the actual path; it provides cheap path diversity; it trades off communication for computation. These aspects address the double scalability issue with respect to mobility rate and network size. In addition, TBF provides a common framework for many services such as: broadcasting, discovery, unicast, multicast and multipath routing in ad hoc networks. TBF requires that nodes know their position relative to a coordinate system. While a global coordinate system afforded by a system such as GPS would be ideal, approximate positioning methods provided by other algorithms are also usable.

Telecommunication Systems, 2003

Many ad hoc network protocols and applications assume the knowledge of geographic location of nod... more Many ad hoc network protocols and applications assume the knowledge of geographic location of nodes. The absolute position of each networked node is an assumed fact by most sensor networks which can then present the sensed information on a geographical map. Finding position without the aid of GPS in each node of an ad hoc network is important in cases where GPS is either not accessible, or not practical to use due to power, form factor or line of sight conditions. Position would also enable routing in sufficiently isotropic large networks, without the use of large routing tables. We are proposing APS -a distributed, hop by hop positioning algorithm, that works as an extension of both distance vector routing and GPS positioning in order to provide approximate position for all nodes in a network where only a limited fraction of nodes have self positioning capability.

Today's business environment is characterized by stiff competition, rapid technological advanceme... more Today's business environment is characterized by stiff competition, rapid technological advancements, and changing requirements of customers and employees. To grow and survive in this turbulent environment, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) must balance the emphasis they put on the improvement of short-term operational effi ciency and long-term competitiveness. Due to the apparent lack of resources and expertise, most SMEs pay very little attention to long-term competitiveness and dynamism. Preoccupied with operational bits and pieces, SMEs lack strategic awareness and orientation. ᭹ Strategic awareness is a mental process of continually evaluating organizational and environmental factors and improving on how they are identifi ed, recognized, infl uenced, and interpreted, and consequently used in making strategic business decisions. The widespread use of short-term-oriented, non-formal business planning practices indicates lack of strategic awareness and competitiveness among SMEs. ᭹ This paper examines the degree of emphasis attached by SMEs, during their business planning, to the achievement of long-term competitive advantages by presenting evidence from a recent empirical study based on data collected from 91 SMEs and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation.

Position information of individual nodes is useful in implementing functions such as routing and ... more Position information of individual nodes is useful in implementing functions such as routing and querying in ad-hoc networks. Deriving position information by using the capability of the nodes to measure time of arrival (TOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), angle of arrival (AOA) and signal strength have been used to localize nodes relative to a frame of reference. The nodes in an ad-hoc network can have multiple capabilities and exploiting one or more of the capabilities can improve the quality of positioning. In this paper, we show how AOA capability of the nodes can be used to derive position information. We propose a method for all nodes to determine their orientation and position in an ad-hoc network where only a fraction of the nodes have positioning capabilities, under the assumption that each node has the AOA capability. Index Termsad hoc networks, positioning, orientation, digital compass, AOA. 0-7803-7753-2/03/$17.00 (C)

Many ad hoc network protocols and applications assume the knowledge of geographic location of nod... more Many ad hoc network protocols and applications assume the knowledge of geographic location of nodes. The absolute location of each networked node is an assumed fact by most sensor networks which can then present the sensed information on a geographical map. Finding location without the aid of GPS in each node of an ad hoc network is important in cases where GPS is either not accessible, or not practical to use due to power, form factor or line of sight conditions. Location would also enable routing in sufficiently isotropic large networks, without the use of large routing tables. We are proposing APS -a distributed, hop by hop positioning algorithm, that works as an extension of both distance vector routing and GPS positioning in order to provide approximate location for all nodes in a network where only a limited fraction of nodes have self location capability.

Trajectory based forwarding (TBF) is a novel method to forward packets in a dense ad hoc network ... more Trajectory based forwarding (TBF) is a novel method to forward packets in a dense ad hoc network that makes it possible to route a packet along a predefined curve. It is a hybrid between source based routing and Cartesian forwarding in that the trajectory is set by the source, but the forwarding decision is based on the relationship to the trajectory rather than names of intermediate nodes. The fundamental aspects of TBF are: it decouples path naming from the actual path; it provides cheap path diversity; it trades off communication for computation. These aspects address the double scalability issue with respect to mobility rate and network size. In addition, TBF provides a common framework for many services such as: broadcasting, discovery, unicast, multicast and multipath routing in ad hoc networks. TBF requires that nodes know their position relative to a coordinate system. While a global coordinate system afforded by a system such as GPS would be ideal, approximate positioning methods provided by other algorithms are also usable.

Telecommunication Systems, 2003

Many ad hoc network protocols and applications assume the knowledge of geographic location of nod... more Many ad hoc network protocols and applications assume the knowledge of geographic location of nodes. The absolute position of each networked node is an assumed fact by most sensor networks which can then present the sensed information on a geographical map. Finding position without the aid of GPS in each node of an ad hoc network is important in cases where GPS is either not accessible, or not practical to use due to power, form factor or line of sight conditions. Position would also enable routing in sufficiently isotropic large networks, without the use of large routing tables. We are proposing APS -a distributed, hop by hop positioning algorithm, that works as an extension of both distance vector routing and GPS positioning in order to provide approximate position for all nodes in a network where only a limited fraction of nodes have self positioning capability.

Today's business environment is characterized by stiff competition, rapid technological advanceme... more Today's business environment is characterized by stiff competition, rapid technological advancements, and changing requirements of customers and employees. To grow and survive in this turbulent environment, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) must balance the emphasis they put on the improvement of short-term operational effi ciency and long-term competitiveness. Due to the apparent lack of resources and expertise, most SMEs pay very little attention to long-term competitiveness and dynamism. Preoccupied with operational bits and pieces, SMEs lack strategic awareness and orientation. ᭹ Strategic awareness is a mental process of continually evaluating organizational and environmental factors and improving on how they are identifi ed, recognized, infl uenced, and interpreted, and consequently used in making strategic business decisions. The widespread use of short-term-oriented, non-formal business planning practices indicates lack of strategic awareness and competitiveness among SMEs. ᭹ This paper examines the degree of emphasis attached by SMEs, during their business planning, to the achievement of long-term competitive advantages by presenting evidence from a recent empirical study based on data collected from 91 SMEs and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation.