Monika Badura - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Monika Badura
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
In the 30 s of the 13th century, a crusade by the knights of the Teutonic Order against the pagan... more In the 30 s of the 13th century, a crusade by the knights of the Teutonic Order against the pagan tribes inhabiting Chełmno Land (Ger. Kurmeland) (Poland) began. Arriving at the invitation of Duke Konrad of Mazovia, settlers and knights began a colonisation campaign. In the years 2016-20, research was carried out in a city and in five previously uninvestigated castles using non-invasive, environmental and archaeological-architectural methods. These were: the city of Chełmno (the oldest city of the Teutonic Knights, having been founded by settlers originally from today's Germany and what is today the Polish province of Silesia); the oldest earth-and-timber strongholds (Bierzgłowo, Starogród); and brick castles and a tower house (Lipienek, Papowo Biskupie, Unisław). In Starogród, the relics of a Teutonic earth-and-timber stronghold from the 1230 s were uncovered, as were the remains of the oldest Teutonic city (Chełmno) 800 m from the stronghold. Two phases were distinguished, the first relating to the construction of the stronghold and the second to its operation. The castle and the city constituted a compact settlement complex. The remains of a Slavic defensive settlement dating back to the 10th or 11th century were discovered in Unisław. The remains of an earth-and-timber rampart that was built in the 11th century were reworked by the Teutonic Knights in the 13th century. At the castles in Lipienek and Zamek Bierzgłowski, remains of earth-and-timber ramparts were discovered that were the remains of the oldest Teutonic defensive settlements. The castle in Lipienek was built on the site of the 11th-century fortifications that were reworked by the Teutonic Knights and replaced at the end of the 13th century with a regular brick castle. The relics discovered in Bierzgłowo are the remains of a Teutonic stronghold erected in the 1230 s that was replaced in the second half of the 13th century for a brick castle. The locations of Teutonic castles very often relate to locations of early-medieval castles, and a typology of their locations was developed and applied to the five Teutonic castles analysed here. Research to date indicates that the castles were built in places of strategic importance and at land and water transport nodes. An analysis of ten potential lines of sight between the examined fortresses has shown, however, that practical visual contact between them could only have existed between the Starogród and Unisław castles and between Lipienek and Papowo Biskupie. The source base for discussing the principles by which stronghold inhabitants were provisioned was expanded by a thorough analysis of plant and animal remains, which resulted in a breakdown of the consumption of plant and animal products. The main source of food for the castles' inhabitants was domestic mammals. The castle inhabitants, like the early-medieval Slavs, preferred pork. In the case of the city (Chełmno), however, this was not the case. There, it was cattle farming that was crucial in providing meat and animal-derived raw materials such as hides, bones and horn sheaths.
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, 2004
ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interac... more ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC. It currently includes more than 900 physicists and senior engineers, from both nuclear and high-energy physics, from about 80 institutions in 28 countries. The experiment was approved in February 1997. The detailed design of the different detector systems has been laid down in a number of Technical Design Reports issued between mid-1998 and the end of 2001 and construction has started for most detectors. Since the last comprehensive information on detector and physics performance was published in the ALICE Technical Proposal in 1996, the detector as well as simulation, reconstruction and analysis software have undergone significant development. The Physics Performance Report (PPR) will give an updated and comprehensive summary of the current status and performance of the various ALICE subsystems, including updates to the Technical Design Reports, where appropriate, as well as a description of systems which have not been published in a Technical Design Report. The PPR will be published in two volumes. The current Volume I contains: a short theoretical overview and an extensive reference list concerning the physics topics of interest to ALICE, relevant experimental conditions at the LHC, a short summary and update of the subsystem designs, and a description of the offline framework and Monte Carlo generators. Volume II, which will be published separately, will contain detailed simulations of combined detector performance, event reconstruction, and analysis of a representative sample of relevant physics observables from global event characteristics to hard processes.
Comptes Rendus Palevol
This paper presents a case study from the Hiem cave (Hoà Bình province, North Vietnam) showing ho... more This paper presents a case study from the Hiem cave (Hoà Bình province, North Vietnam) showing how a multidisciplinary approach in archaeological research can develop knowledge on the everyday life of the hunter-gatherer Hoabinhian groups occupying the cave during the early Holocene (8500-8200 cal BC). The archaeological analysis presents the characteristic Hoabinhian artefacts and their usage, while archeozoological, malacological and archaeobotanical research throw light on the way of life, including plant and animal elements of a daily diet as well as the settlement seasonality of the cave.
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne, 2020
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, May 20, 2022
Continuation of archaeobotanical and palaeoecological research on three semi-artificial lake isla... more Continuation of archaeobotanical and palaeoecological research on three semi-artificial lake islands, Nowy Dworek, Chycina and Lubniewice, has provided new information on the history, development and use of grasslands in Ziemia Lubuska (Lubusz land) in western Poland during the early Middle Ages. Pollen analysis reveals that the reduction in woodland and opening up of the regional landscape and the appearance of grassland communities there began around the 7th century ad, which preceded the construction of the islands in the lakes. The analysis of plant macroremains collected from the settlement layers on these islands, of pollen from cores in the lakes and studies of the phytosociological plant communities of recent vegetation have helped to describe the botanical composition of these past meadows and pastures. The results show strong similarities between the three sites, which suggests that the local populations were using the same grassland types, which were on soils ranging from damp to rather dry and sandy. The main grassland in the vicinity of the islands included the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea syntaxonomical class of communities, although Festuco-Brometea grasslands were also present. The presence of plant remains associated with various other types of meadows and pastures shows the diversity of habitats represented by the plant remains.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Archaeobotany is the study of relationships between humans and the plant world in the past based ... more Archaeobotany is the study of relationships between humans and the plant world in the past based on the analysis of plant remains preserved at archaeological sites. These studies provide us an opportunity to elucidate the history of farming economy based on transformations of plants and the natural environment caused by human activities. The present review aims to track the history of development of archaeobotanical studies in Poland, which have influenced our contemporary way of perceiving the past, as well as to present the selected and most important achievements in this field. Specifically, we emphasize the enormous contribution of Polish studies to broadening our understanding of the botanical past of Europe and the world. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first comprehensive attempt to summarize over a hundred-year-old activity of archaeobotanists in Poland.
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne w setną rocznicę powstania (1922–2022)
Quaternary International, 2017
The research presented here represents the first urban medieval context in Latvia where an integr... more The research presented here represents the first urban medieval context in Latvia where an integrated, multi-proxy environmental sampling strategy has been applied. The establishment of Riga, the modern capital of Latvia, is synonymous with the Livonian Crusade, and the foundation of the medieval town is examined here. This study uses an intra-site comparison of environmental datasets from several buildings to provide a unique, high resolution, diachronic analysis of the daily life of the inhabitants within the pre-Hansa town, and specifically of the indigenous 'Liv' population during the period of the Livonian crusades, 1198e1291. The integrated zooarchaeological, archaebotanical, and geochemical datasets from two successive phases of buildings show a pattern of tradition and continuity in indigenous practices within the 'Liv District'. Despite being located within Riga with access to wide trade networks, the environmental results from 'Liv district' show the self-contained, insular nature of the diet and craft activities of the inhabitants who exploited a range of open grassland, wetland and forest edge environments around the town.
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2003
The botanical composition of samples from culture layers, explored in two medieval towns in north... more The botanical composition of samples from culture layers, explored in two medieval towns in northern Poland, is discussed with respect to their potential as a source of environmental data. The frequency of selected taxa and the proportion of their diaspores in the actualistic groups of weed and grassland species, as well as the distribution of indices for edaphic factors were used as indicators of the natural environment around and inside the towns, and of some aspects of agriculture. The comparison of the results from both towns affords new evidence for a better understanding of archaeobotanical data from culture layers of non-specific, complex origin.
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Aix-Marseille Université, Oct 24, 2016
International audienc
The Holocene, 2011
A 1.70 m core extracted from the Lac des Lauzons, Haut Champsaur, French Alps, at 2180 m altitude... more A 1.70 m core extracted from the Lac des Lauzons, Haut Champsaur, French Alps, at 2180 m altitude, provided a detailed Holocene record of beetles, pollen and plant macrofossils, enabling the reconstruction of local palaeoenvironmental changes during the last 10 000 years. After an early phase of colonization by plants and insects, corresponding to the Lateglacial interstadial, a long phase of relative stability of the ecosystems (at least in the vicinity of the lake) is recorded. Strikingly, there is no evidence from beetle and plant macrofossils that the treeline reached the altitude of Lauzons during the Holocene climate optimum, although this period is characterized by major forest expansion in many high-altitude sites in the southern French Alps. The uppermost part of the record is blurred by the infilling of the lake, progressively turning into a peat bog. This sequence also provides an opportunity to compare the records of coprophilous fungal spores and coprophilous beetles an...
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia, 2019
The research presented here represents the first urban medieval context in Latvia where an integr... more The research presented here represents the first urban medieval context in Latvia where an integrated, multi-proxy environmental sampling strategy has been applied. The establishment of Riga, the modern capital of Latvia, is synonymous with the Livonian Crusade, and the foundation of the medieval town is examined here. This study uses an intra-site comparison of environmental datasets from several buildings to provide a unique, high resolution, diachronic analysis of the daily life of the inhabitants within the pre-Hansa town, and specifically of the indigenous 'Liv' population during the period of the Livonian crusades, 1198e1291. The integrated zooarchaeological, archaebotanical, and geochemical datasets from two successive phases of buildings show a pattern of tradition and continuity in indigenous practices within the 'Liv District'. Despite being located within Riga with access to wide trade networks, the environmental results from 'Liv district' show th...
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
In the 30 s of the 13th century, a crusade by the knights of the Teutonic Order against the pagan... more In the 30 s of the 13th century, a crusade by the knights of the Teutonic Order against the pagan tribes inhabiting Chełmno Land (Ger. Kurmeland) (Poland) began. Arriving at the invitation of Duke Konrad of Mazovia, settlers and knights began a colonisation campaign. In the years 2016-20, research was carried out in a city and in five previously uninvestigated castles using non-invasive, environmental and archaeological-architectural methods. These were: the city of Chełmno (the oldest city of the Teutonic Knights, having been founded by settlers originally from today's Germany and what is today the Polish province of Silesia); the oldest earth-and-timber strongholds (Bierzgłowo, Starogród); and brick castles and a tower house (Lipienek, Papowo Biskupie, Unisław). In Starogród, the relics of a Teutonic earth-and-timber stronghold from the 1230 s were uncovered, as were the remains of the oldest Teutonic city (Chełmno) 800 m from the stronghold. Two phases were distinguished, the first relating to the construction of the stronghold and the second to its operation. The castle and the city constituted a compact settlement complex. The remains of a Slavic defensive settlement dating back to the 10th or 11th century were discovered in Unisław. The remains of an earth-and-timber rampart that was built in the 11th century were reworked by the Teutonic Knights in the 13th century. At the castles in Lipienek and Zamek Bierzgłowski, remains of earth-and-timber ramparts were discovered that were the remains of the oldest Teutonic defensive settlements. The castle in Lipienek was built on the site of the 11th-century fortifications that were reworked by the Teutonic Knights and replaced at the end of the 13th century with a regular brick castle. The relics discovered in Bierzgłowo are the remains of a Teutonic stronghold erected in the 1230 s that was replaced in the second half of the 13th century for a brick castle. The locations of Teutonic castles very often relate to locations of early-medieval castles, and a typology of their locations was developed and applied to the five Teutonic castles analysed here. Research to date indicates that the castles were built in places of strategic importance and at land and water transport nodes. An analysis of ten potential lines of sight between the examined fortresses has shown, however, that practical visual contact between them could only have existed between the Starogród and Unisław castles and between Lipienek and Papowo Biskupie. The source base for discussing the principles by which stronghold inhabitants were provisioned was expanded by a thorough analysis of plant and animal remains, which resulted in a breakdown of the consumption of plant and animal products. The main source of food for the castles' inhabitants was domestic mammals. The castle inhabitants, like the early-medieval Slavs, preferred pork. In the case of the city (Chełmno), however, this was not the case. There, it was cattle farming that was crucial in providing meat and animal-derived raw materials such as hides, bones and horn sheaths.
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, 2004
ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interac... more ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC. It currently includes more than 900 physicists and senior engineers, from both nuclear and high-energy physics, from about 80 institutions in 28 countries. The experiment was approved in February 1997. The detailed design of the different detector systems has been laid down in a number of Technical Design Reports issued between mid-1998 and the end of 2001 and construction has started for most detectors. Since the last comprehensive information on detector and physics performance was published in the ALICE Technical Proposal in 1996, the detector as well as simulation, reconstruction and analysis software have undergone significant development. The Physics Performance Report (PPR) will give an updated and comprehensive summary of the current status and performance of the various ALICE subsystems, including updates to the Technical Design Reports, where appropriate, as well as a description of systems which have not been published in a Technical Design Report. The PPR will be published in two volumes. The current Volume I contains: a short theoretical overview and an extensive reference list concerning the physics topics of interest to ALICE, relevant experimental conditions at the LHC, a short summary and update of the subsystem designs, and a description of the offline framework and Monte Carlo generators. Volume II, which will be published separately, will contain detailed simulations of combined detector performance, event reconstruction, and analysis of a representative sample of relevant physics observables from global event characteristics to hard processes.
Comptes Rendus Palevol
This paper presents a case study from the Hiem cave (Hoà Bình province, North Vietnam) showing ho... more This paper presents a case study from the Hiem cave (Hoà Bình province, North Vietnam) showing how a multidisciplinary approach in archaeological research can develop knowledge on the everyday life of the hunter-gatherer Hoabinhian groups occupying the cave during the early Holocene (8500-8200 cal BC). The archaeological analysis presents the characteristic Hoabinhian artefacts and their usage, while archeozoological, malacological and archaeobotanical research throw light on the way of life, including plant and animal elements of a daily diet as well as the settlement seasonality of the cave.
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne, 2020
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, May 20, 2022
Continuation of archaeobotanical and palaeoecological research on three semi-artificial lake isla... more Continuation of archaeobotanical and palaeoecological research on three semi-artificial lake islands, Nowy Dworek, Chycina and Lubniewice, has provided new information on the history, development and use of grasslands in Ziemia Lubuska (Lubusz land) in western Poland during the early Middle Ages. Pollen analysis reveals that the reduction in woodland and opening up of the regional landscape and the appearance of grassland communities there began around the 7th century ad, which preceded the construction of the islands in the lakes. The analysis of plant macroremains collected from the settlement layers on these islands, of pollen from cores in the lakes and studies of the phytosociological plant communities of recent vegetation have helped to describe the botanical composition of these past meadows and pastures. The results show strong similarities between the three sites, which suggests that the local populations were using the same grassland types, which were on soils ranging from damp to rather dry and sandy. The main grassland in the vicinity of the islands included the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea syntaxonomical class of communities, although Festuco-Brometea grasslands were also present. The presence of plant remains associated with various other types of meadows and pastures shows the diversity of habitats represented by the plant remains.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Archaeobotany is the study of relationships between humans and the plant world in the past based ... more Archaeobotany is the study of relationships between humans and the plant world in the past based on the analysis of plant remains preserved at archaeological sites. These studies provide us an opportunity to elucidate the history of farming economy based on transformations of plants and the natural environment caused by human activities. The present review aims to track the history of development of archaeobotanical studies in Poland, which have influenced our contemporary way of perceiving the past, as well as to present the selected and most important achievements in this field. Specifically, we emphasize the enormous contribution of Polish studies to broadening our understanding of the botanical past of Europe and the world. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first comprehensive attempt to summarize over a hundred-year-old activity of archaeobotanists in Poland.
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne w setną rocznicę powstania (1922–2022)
Quaternary International, 2017
The research presented here represents the first urban medieval context in Latvia where an integr... more The research presented here represents the first urban medieval context in Latvia where an integrated, multi-proxy environmental sampling strategy has been applied. The establishment of Riga, the modern capital of Latvia, is synonymous with the Livonian Crusade, and the foundation of the medieval town is examined here. This study uses an intra-site comparison of environmental datasets from several buildings to provide a unique, high resolution, diachronic analysis of the daily life of the inhabitants within the pre-Hansa town, and specifically of the indigenous 'Liv' population during the period of the Livonian crusades, 1198e1291. The integrated zooarchaeological, archaebotanical, and geochemical datasets from two successive phases of buildings show a pattern of tradition and continuity in indigenous practices within the 'Liv District'. Despite being located within Riga with access to wide trade networks, the environmental results from 'Liv district' show the self-contained, insular nature of the diet and craft activities of the inhabitants who exploited a range of open grassland, wetland and forest edge environments around the town.
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2003
The botanical composition of samples from culture layers, explored in two medieval towns in north... more The botanical composition of samples from culture layers, explored in two medieval towns in northern Poland, is discussed with respect to their potential as a source of environmental data. The frequency of selected taxa and the proportion of their diaspores in the actualistic groups of weed and grassland species, as well as the distribution of indices for edaphic factors were used as indicators of the natural environment around and inside the towns, and of some aspects of agriculture. The comparison of the results from both towns affords new evidence for a better understanding of archaeobotanical data from culture layers of non-specific, complex origin.
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Aix-Marseille Université, Oct 24, 2016
International audienc
The Holocene, 2011
A 1.70 m core extracted from the Lac des Lauzons, Haut Champsaur, French Alps, at 2180 m altitude... more A 1.70 m core extracted from the Lac des Lauzons, Haut Champsaur, French Alps, at 2180 m altitude, provided a detailed Holocene record of beetles, pollen and plant macrofossils, enabling the reconstruction of local palaeoenvironmental changes during the last 10 000 years. After an early phase of colonization by plants and insects, corresponding to the Lateglacial interstadial, a long phase of relative stability of the ecosystems (at least in the vicinity of the lake) is recorded. Strikingly, there is no evidence from beetle and plant macrofossils that the treeline reached the altitude of Lauzons during the Holocene climate optimum, although this period is characterized by major forest expansion in many high-altitude sites in the southern French Alps. The uppermost part of the record is blurred by the infilling of the lake, progressively turning into a peat bog. This sequence also provides an opportunity to compare the records of coprophilous fungal spores and coprophilous beetles an...
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia, 2019
The research presented here represents the first urban medieval context in Latvia where an integr... more The research presented here represents the first urban medieval context in Latvia where an integrated, multi-proxy environmental sampling strategy has been applied. The establishment of Riga, the modern capital of Latvia, is synonymous with the Livonian Crusade, and the foundation of the medieval town is examined here. This study uses an intra-site comparison of environmental datasets from several buildings to provide a unique, high resolution, diachronic analysis of the daily life of the inhabitants within the pre-Hansa town, and specifically of the indigenous 'Liv' population during the period of the Livonian crusades, 1198e1291. The integrated zooarchaeological, archaebotanical, and geochemical datasets from two successive phases of buildings show a pattern of tradition and continuity in indigenous practices within the 'Liv District'. Despite being located within Riga with access to wide trade networks, the environmental results from 'Liv district' show th...