Haejin Bae - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Haejin Bae

Ecosphere

Biomimicry refers to a cooperative process that develops a sustainable world by taking inspiratio... more Biomimicry refers to a cooperative process that develops a sustainable world by taking inspiration from the structure, function, process, and mechanism of an organism adapted to the environment through the evolution of nature. A classification system of biomimicry from a biological and ecological point of view (biology push) can provide a framework for the sustainable development of society, the environment, and the economy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to categorize biological and ecological functions and to present a collaborative biomimicry system that suggests engineering and industrial sectors where biomimicry functions can be applied. Based on biology push, the biological and ecological functions were divided into six groups with subgroups of specific features, related to the fields of technology and industry. Through the formulation of the new biological functional framework, the biomimicry system can be used as a simple classification tool to determine the expected value of the final product as well as provide the knowledge data required in engineering and industry.

Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology

Applied Biological Chemistry

This work investigated the extraction efficacy of phenolic acids on the potato and its byproducts... more This work investigated the extraction efficacy of phenolic acids on the potato and its byproducts. Also, the compositions of bioactive compounds and antioxidants were evaluated in various parts of the potato, such as the tuber, microtuber, peel, and flesh. The chemical constituents were quantified by HPLC analysis, and the highest levels of phenolics (88.99 mg/L) were obtained in acetone extracts from a micropropagated potato. The micropropagated potato demonstrated that notable phenolic compounds were mainly a bound form of phenolic acids including caffeic acid and vanillic acid. The micropropagated extracts using acetone showed the higher radical scavenging activity, 94.3% and 95.5% at 5 mg/mL in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS •+), respectively. In addition, the same extracts showed the highest (85.61%) β-carotene bleaching inhibition activity. A positive relationship existed between DPPH and either ABTS •+ (r = 0.58, p < 0.05), β-carotene bleaching (r = 0.65, p < 0.05), or total phenolics (r = 0.63, p < 0.05). However, ABTS •+ did not show a significant correlation between both total phenolics and β-carotene bleaching. The effective phenolic compounds contributing to antioxidant activity were caffeic acid and vanillic acid, which could be extracted in high amounts by acetone from potato peels and micropropagated potatoes.

Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, Feb 3, 2014

Agricultural Sciences, 2014

Freezing temperatures cause different levels of freezing injury and change biochemical components... more Freezing temperatures cause different levels of freezing injury and change biochemical components of trees. In this study, the range of survival temperature and variation in electrolyte leakage, and in concentrations of sugar, starch, and proline were determined in peach twigs (Jinmi, Changhowonhwangdo, and Kawanakajima Hakuto) exposed to artificially controlled freezing temperature. Freezing temperatures at which the plants were damaged by stress were found to be −21˚C in Jan. and Feb., −18˚C in Mar., and −6˚C in Apr. Electrolyte leakage increased as temperature decreased from −15˚C to −24˚C at each assessment time. Sugar gradually decreased after the endodormancy period in the late part of winter, and sugar concentration was overall lower in freezing temperature treatments, while starch increased as a result of changing seasons from Jan. to Apr. The trend of proline concentration was related to the survival rate of peach trees during winter. This study suggests possible safe temperatures for survival and cultivation of peach trees as well as identifying freezing temperature effects on internal components of freeze-injured peach twigs.

Protected horticulture and Plant Factory, 2013

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2012

Bioactive compounds in foods have been shown to maintain human health. However, the relative amou... more Bioactive compounds in foods have been shown to maintain human health. However, the relative amounts of bioactive compounds and the variation in the amounts are still poorly understood. In this study, the efficacy of different extraction solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and a methanol:water mixture), as well as the levels of certain bioactive compounds in non-pungent pepper cultivars (TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58) were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power, and deoxyribose degradation. Hexane extracts had the highest level of carotenoids (47.2-628.8 μg/g), and methanol extracts contained maximum flavonoids (24.9-152.2 μg/g) in four different cultivars. Higher DPPH scavenging activity was found in the hexane extracts from TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58 (IC₅₀ value: 0.67, 0.74, 0.55, and 0.48 μg/ml, respectively), whereas the reducing power was high in ethyl acetate and acetone extracts. Inhibition of deoxyribose degradation was highest in methanolic extracts from TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58 (51.2, 49.5, 52.6, and 47.4 %, respectively). These data demonstrate that solvent chemical properties such as polarity can differentially impact the efficiency with which different bioactive compounds are recovered from foods, and this could lead to differences in estimated biological activity such as antioxidant capacity.

ACS Symposium Series, 2012

Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 2014

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2014

ABSTRACT Bioactive compounds in plant-derived foods provide essential human health benefits. Howe... more ABSTRACT Bioactive compounds in plant-derived foods provide essential human health benefits. However, the content and types of bioactive compounds may vary based on genetic and environmental factors. The present study examined the impacts of cultivar, fruit maturity stage (mature versus immature), and growing season (2008, 2009) on the concentration of bioactive compounds in diverse pungent and non-pungent peppers. Significant interactions were observed among cultivars, maturity stages, and growing seasons. Mature peppers generally had the highest content of ascorbic acid (782.0–2305.3 μg/g FW in 2008 and 693.5–2817.2 μg/g FW in 2009), and capsaicinoids (115.5–338.9 μg/g FW in 2008 and 93.8–326.3 μg/g FW in 2009) compared to immature peppers. Paprika-type peppers generally had the highest contents of ascorbic acid and flavonoids especially in mature fruits, while capsaicinoids were higher in all mature stage peppers. Flavonoid concentrations varied considerably depending on cultivar and maturity stage. Total phenolics were also significantly higher in mature fruits compared to immature peppers in both years. A positive correlation between total phenolics and DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed. This indicates that the health beneficial components in peppers could also vary as a function of cultivar, fruit developmental stage and production season. The genetic variability in bioactive compounds found in this study constitutes a useful genetic base for improving the nutrient quality of peppers.

Journal of Chromatographic Science, 2013

The development of simultaneous extraction and determination of bioactive molecules from natural ... more The development of simultaneous extraction and determination of bioactive molecules from natural products is becoming more popular. The present study reports the development of a method for the simultaneous extraction and determination of both capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid in peppers. Capsaicin (341.61 mg/g), dihydrocapsaicin (119.91 mg/g) and ascorbic acid (2,109.60 mg/g) were extracted with 3% metaphosphoric acid-ethanol (2:8) as a solvent. The efficient extraction of capsaicinoids (412.61 mg/g) and ascorbic acid (2,785.93 mg/g) was achieved at a sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:8 after 30 minutes of sonication. Simultaneous separation of capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid was achieved using a Gemini C18 column with a gradient elution of 0.03M phosphoric acid and methanol. Capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid were simultaneously detected at 282 and 254 nm, respectively. The recovery of capsaicinoids ranged from 96.21 to 108.71%, and the recovery of ascorbic acid ranged from 97.01 to 98.83%. The limits of detection for capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and ascorbic acid were 0.24, 0.21 and 0.26 mg, respectively. Relative standard deviation for the intra-day and inter-day variability in the results was less than 3%, indicating that the method produced highly reproducible results. Therefore, this method enables the reproducible, simultaneous separation and quantification of capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid from peppers.

Food Chemistry, 2012

Peppers (Capsicum spp.) are a rich source of diverse bioactive compounds with potential health-pr... more Peppers (Capsicum spp.) are a rich source of diverse bioactive compounds with potential health-promoting properties. This study investigated the extraction efficiency of five solvents on antioxidant activities from cayenne (CA408 and Mesilla), jalapeño (Ixtapa) and serrano (Tuxtlas) pepper cultivars. Freeze-dried peppers were extracted using a Soxhlet extractor with five solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and methanol:water (80:20). The levels of specific bioactive compounds (phenolics, capsaicinoids, carotenoids and flavonoids) were determined by HPLC and antioxidant activities were assayed by three methods. For all pepper cultivars tested, hexane extracts had the highest levels of capsaicinoids and carotenoids, but methanol extracts had the maximum levels of flavonoids. Hexane extracts showed higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-pricrylhydrozyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and higher reducing power, and acetone extracts (from Mesilla pepper) had a high reducing power. All pepper extracts, except hexane, were effective in preventing deoxyribose degradation, and the inhibition was increased by high concentrations of extracts. The results of the present study indicated that, among the different measures of antioxidant activity, DPPH radical-scavenging activity was strongly correlated with total bioactive compounds (capsaicinoids, carotenoids, flavonoids and total phenolics) in pepper cultivars.

Food Chemistry, 2012

... 1 Extraction efficiency and validation of HPLC method for the flavonoid 1 analysis from peppe... more ... 1 Extraction efficiency and validation of HPLC method for the flavonoid 1 analysis from peppers 2 3 Haejin Bae a , GK Jayaprakasha a ... did not show the 375 relationship between total phenolics and antioxidant activity (Conforti, Statti & Menichini, 376 2007; Deepa, Kaur, George ...

Plants

In order to better understand the functions of plants, it is important to analyze the internal st... more In order to better understand the functions of plants, it is important to analyze the internal structure of plants with a complex structure, as well as to efficiently monitor the morphology of plants altered by their external environment. This anatomical study investigated structural characteristics of pinecones to provide detailed descriptions of morphological specifications of complex cone scales. We analyzed cross-sectional image data and internal movement patterns in the opening and closing motions of pinecones, which change according to the moisture content of its external environment. It is possible to propose a scientific system for the deformation of complex pinecone for the variable structures due to changes in relative humidity, as well as the application of technology. This study provided a functional principle for a multidisciplinary approach by exploring the morphological properties and anatomical structures of pinecones. Therefore, the results suggest a potential appli...

Ecosphere

Biomimicry refers to a cooperative process that develops a sustainable world by taking inspiratio... more Biomimicry refers to a cooperative process that develops a sustainable world by taking inspiration from the structure, function, process, and mechanism of an organism adapted to the environment through the evolution of nature. A classification system of biomimicry from a biological and ecological point of view (biology push) can provide a framework for the sustainable development of society, the environment, and the economy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to categorize biological and ecological functions and to present a collaborative biomimicry system that suggests engineering and industrial sectors where biomimicry functions can be applied. Based on biology push, the biological and ecological functions were divided into six groups with subgroups of specific features, related to the fields of technology and industry. Through the formulation of the new biological functional framework, the biomimicry system can be used as a simple classification tool to determine the expected value of the final product as well as provide the knowledge data required in engineering and industry.

Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology

Applied Biological Chemistry

This work investigated the extraction efficacy of phenolic acids on the potato and its byproducts... more This work investigated the extraction efficacy of phenolic acids on the potato and its byproducts. Also, the compositions of bioactive compounds and antioxidants were evaluated in various parts of the potato, such as the tuber, microtuber, peel, and flesh. The chemical constituents were quantified by HPLC analysis, and the highest levels of phenolics (88.99 mg/L) were obtained in acetone extracts from a micropropagated potato. The micropropagated potato demonstrated that notable phenolic compounds were mainly a bound form of phenolic acids including caffeic acid and vanillic acid. The micropropagated extracts using acetone showed the higher radical scavenging activity, 94.3% and 95.5% at 5 mg/mL in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS •+), respectively. In addition, the same extracts showed the highest (85.61%) β-carotene bleaching inhibition activity. A positive relationship existed between DPPH and either ABTS •+ (r = 0.58, p < 0.05), β-carotene bleaching (r = 0.65, p < 0.05), or total phenolics (r = 0.63, p < 0.05). However, ABTS •+ did not show a significant correlation between both total phenolics and β-carotene bleaching. The effective phenolic compounds contributing to antioxidant activity were caffeic acid and vanillic acid, which could be extracted in high amounts by acetone from potato peels and micropropagated potatoes.

Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, Feb 3, 2014

Agricultural Sciences, 2014

Freezing temperatures cause different levels of freezing injury and change biochemical components... more Freezing temperatures cause different levels of freezing injury and change biochemical components of trees. In this study, the range of survival temperature and variation in electrolyte leakage, and in concentrations of sugar, starch, and proline were determined in peach twigs (Jinmi, Changhowonhwangdo, and Kawanakajima Hakuto) exposed to artificially controlled freezing temperature. Freezing temperatures at which the plants were damaged by stress were found to be −21˚C in Jan. and Feb., −18˚C in Mar., and −6˚C in Apr. Electrolyte leakage increased as temperature decreased from −15˚C to −24˚C at each assessment time. Sugar gradually decreased after the endodormancy period in the late part of winter, and sugar concentration was overall lower in freezing temperature treatments, while starch increased as a result of changing seasons from Jan. to Apr. The trend of proline concentration was related to the survival rate of peach trees during winter. This study suggests possible safe temperatures for survival and cultivation of peach trees as well as identifying freezing temperature effects on internal components of freeze-injured peach twigs.

Protected horticulture and Plant Factory, 2013

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2012

Bioactive compounds in foods have been shown to maintain human health. However, the relative amou... more Bioactive compounds in foods have been shown to maintain human health. However, the relative amounts of bioactive compounds and the variation in the amounts are still poorly understood. In this study, the efficacy of different extraction solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and a methanol:water mixture), as well as the levels of certain bioactive compounds in non-pungent pepper cultivars (TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58) were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power, and deoxyribose degradation. Hexane extracts had the highest level of carotenoids (47.2-628.8 μg/g), and methanol extracts contained maximum flavonoids (24.9-152.2 μg/g) in four different cultivars. Higher DPPH scavenging activity was found in the hexane extracts from TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58 (IC₅₀ value: 0.67, 0.74, 0.55, and 0.48 μg/ml, respectively), whereas the reducing power was high in ethyl acetate and acetone extracts. Inhibition of deoxyribose degradation was highest in methanolic extracts from TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58 (51.2, 49.5, 52.6, and 47.4 %, respectively). These data demonstrate that solvent chemical properties such as polarity can differentially impact the efficiency with which different bioactive compounds are recovered from foods, and this could lead to differences in estimated biological activity such as antioxidant capacity.

ACS Symposium Series, 2012

Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 2014

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2014

ABSTRACT Bioactive compounds in plant-derived foods provide essential human health benefits. Howe... more ABSTRACT Bioactive compounds in plant-derived foods provide essential human health benefits. However, the content and types of bioactive compounds may vary based on genetic and environmental factors. The present study examined the impacts of cultivar, fruit maturity stage (mature versus immature), and growing season (2008, 2009) on the concentration of bioactive compounds in diverse pungent and non-pungent peppers. Significant interactions were observed among cultivars, maturity stages, and growing seasons. Mature peppers generally had the highest content of ascorbic acid (782.0–2305.3 μg/g FW in 2008 and 693.5–2817.2 μg/g FW in 2009), and capsaicinoids (115.5–338.9 μg/g FW in 2008 and 93.8–326.3 μg/g FW in 2009) compared to immature peppers. Paprika-type peppers generally had the highest contents of ascorbic acid and flavonoids especially in mature fruits, while capsaicinoids were higher in all mature stage peppers. Flavonoid concentrations varied considerably depending on cultivar and maturity stage. Total phenolics were also significantly higher in mature fruits compared to immature peppers in both years. A positive correlation between total phenolics and DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed. This indicates that the health beneficial components in peppers could also vary as a function of cultivar, fruit developmental stage and production season. The genetic variability in bioactive compounds found in this study constitutes a useful genetic base for improving the nutrient quality of peppers.

Journal of Chromatographic Science, 2013

The development of simultaneous extraction and determination of bioactive molecules from natural ... more The development of simultaneous extraction and determination of bioactive molecules from natural products is becoming more popular. The present study reports the development of a method for the simultaneous extraction and determination of both capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid in peppers. Capsaicin (341.61 mg/g), dihydrocapsaicin (119.91 mg/g) and ascorbic acid (2,109.60 mg/g) were extracted with 3% metaphosphoric acid-ethanol (2:8) as a solvent. The efficient extraction of capsaicinoids (412.61 mg/g) and ascorbic acid (2,785.93 mg/g) was achieved at a sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:8 after 30 minutes of sonication. Simultaneous separation of capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid was achieved using a Gemini C18 column with a gradient elution of 0.03M phosphoric acid and methanol. Capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid were simultaneously detected at 282 and 254 nm, respectively. The recovery of capsaicinoids ranged from 96.21 to 108.71%, and the recovery of ascorbic acid ranged from 97.01 to 98.83%. The limits of detection for capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and ascorbic acid were 0.24, 0.21 and 0.26 mg, respectively. Relative standard deviation for the intra-day and inter-day variability in the results was less than 3%, indicating that the method produced highly reproducible results. Therefore, this method enables the reproducible, simultaneous separation and quantification of capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid from peppers.

Food Chemistry, 2012

Peppers (Capsicum spp.) are a rich source of diverse bioactive compounds with potential health-pr... more Peppers (Capsicum spp.) are a rich source of diverse bioactive compounds with potential health-promoting properties. This study investigated the extraction efficiency of five solvents on antioxidant activities from cayenne (CA408 and Mesilla), jalapeño (Ixtapa) and serrano (Tuxtlas) pepper cultivars. Freeze-dried peppers were extracted using a Soxhlet extractor with five solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and methanol:water (80:20). The levels of specific bioactive compounds (phenolics, capsaicinoids, carotenoids and flavonoids) were determined by HPLC and antioxidant activities were assayed by three methods. For all pepper cultivars tested, hexane extracts had the highest levels of capsaicinoids and carotenoids, but methanol extracts had the maximum levels of flavonoids. Hexane extracts showed higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-pricrylhydrozyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and higher reducing power, and acetone extracts (from Mesilla pepper) had a high reducing power. All pepper extracts, except hexane, were effective in preventing deoxyribose degradation, and the inhibition was increased by high concentrations of extracts. The results of the present study indicated that, among the different measures of antioxidant activity, DPPH radical-scavenging activity was strongly correlated with total bioactive compounds (capsaicinoids, carotenoids, flavonoids and total phenolics) in pepper cultivars.

Food Chemistry, 2012

... 1 Extraction efficiency and validation of HPLC method for the flavonoid 1 analysis from peppe... more ... 1 Extraction efficiency and validation of HPLC method for the flavonoid 1 analysis from peppers 2 3 Haejin Bae a , GK Jayaprakasha a ... did not show the 375 relationship between total phenolics and antioxidant activity (Conforti, Statti & Menichini, 376 2007; Deepa, Kaur, George ...

Plants

In order to better understand the functions of plants, it is important to analyze the internal st... more In order to better understand the functions of plants, it is important to analyze the internal structure of plants with a complex structure, as well as to efficiently monitor the morphology of plants altered by their external environment. This anatomical study investigated structural characteristics of pinecones to provide detailed descriptions of morphological specifications of complex cone scales. We analyzed cross-sectional image data and internal movement patterns in the opening and closing motions of pinecones, which change according to the moisture content of its external environment. It is possible to propose a scientific system for the deformation of complex pinecone for the variable structures due to changes in relative humidity, as well as the application of technology. This study provided a functional principle for a multidisciplinary approach by exploring the morphological properties and anatomical structures of pinecones. Therefore, the results suggest a potential appli...