Masoud Bahrami - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Masoud Bahrami
Iranian Journal of Medical Education, Nov 15, 2002
Introduction. Critical thinking skills are necessary/or different disciplines of medical sciences... more Introduction. Critical thinking skills are necessary/or different disciplines of medical sciences. These skills must be considered in clinical education curriculum. Therefore, this study was planned with the purpose to measure and compare critical thinking in reshman and senior B.S. students in Isfahan Medical University in 2002. Methods: This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The research samples consisted of 200 freshman and senior B.S. students from four Schools including: Health (30), Nursing and Midwifery , Management & Informatics (45) and Rehabilitation sciences . These were selected by stratified simple sampling method. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: demographic characteristics and Cornell Critical Thinking Test which was completed by the participants. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and by SPSS software. Results: The mean score of critical thinking for freshman and senior B.S. students was 19.9 and 21.6, respectively. T-test showed a significant difference between critical thinking scores of freshman and senior students. There was a significant relationship between the mean score of critical thinking and the accuracy in responding in senior students. A significant relationship was also found between the mean score of critical thinking and students'families place of residency in freshman students. Conclusion: The findings showed a low mean score of critical thinking for freshman and senior students in four schools. Therefore, it is recommended that learning and education processes should be reinforced. Also based on the research findings, it seems that medical education at the university, regardless of some difficulties has been successful in increasing critical thinking among students.
Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, Oct 2, 2010
Shayesteh Salehi Assistant Professor of Nursing Education, Nursing & Midwifery School, Is... more Shayesteh Salehi Assistant Professor of Nursing Education, Nursing & Midwifery School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfaha Iran, Islamic Republic Of. Masoud Bahrami PhD of Nursing-Oncology Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical ...
Global Journal of Health Science, 2015
Domestic violence is a continual stressor that motivates its victim to react. The way a woman dea... more Domestic violence is a continual stressor that motivates its victim to react. The way a woman deals with her husband's violence determine the consequence of the violent relationship. In the present study, a qualitative approach was employed to investigate women's reactions to and ways of coping with domestic violence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2014 with 18 women who experienced domestic violence in an attempt to explain how women deal with domestic violence. After the interviews were transcribed word by word, they were explored in the form of meaningful units and encoded as subcategories and categories through inductive content analysis. The reliability and validity of the interviews were measured by an external supervisor. Two categories of reaction and coping were identified through content analysis: passive and non-normative measures and active measures. Passive and non-normative measures included the subcategories of harmful behaviors, retaliation, tolerance, and silence. Active measures included seeking help and advice, legal measures, leaving the spouse, positive and health promoting measures. In the present study, ways of coping with a husband's violence among women experiencing domestic violence were divided into two categories: passive and non-normative measures and active measures. These categories confirmed the models of coping with stress in previous studies. Adopting an appropriate approach to dealing with domestic violence is affected by a woman's capacity and beliefs, the dominant culture, intensity of the violence, available social and legal supports, and effectiveness of evaluation measures. To generalize service provision to victimized women, the type of coping and the reason for adopting the chosen approach need to be taken into account.
Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 2014
Nurses are members of the health care team for crisis response. Identifying nurses' capabilit... more Nurses are members of the health care team for crisis response. Identifying nurses' capability in responding to a disaster and promoting their preparedness will lead to effective use of human resources and decreasing the detrimental effects of disaster. The purpose of this article was to determine emergency nurses' competences in triage, life support, and basic clinical skills in disaster response. This study was a descriptive study in which 40 emergency nurses were recruited by purposeful sampling. Moreover, their competencies in performing triage, life support, and basic clinical skills were evaluated by utilizing eight-station objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Our findings showed that the mean scores of nurses' performance were: In triage (4.3 ± 1.27), life support (4 ± 1.5), airway management (5.3 ± 1.7), chest tube insertion (7.3 ± 1.8), nasogastric tube insertion (5.6 ± 2.5), IV therapy (2.5 ± 0.8), IV line insertion (6 ± 1.4), suturing (9.1 ± 1.6),...
Journal of education and health promotion, 2015
Traumatic events such as breast cancer along with negative effects on patients also have positive... more Traumatic events such as breast cancer along with negative effects on patients also have positive effects. These cases have been studied less in Iran. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of explanation of positive changes after breast cancer by using a qualitative approach. This qualitative study was conducted in 2012 in one of the specialized centers for cancer affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In this study, it was interviewed with 19 women with breast cancer about positive changes after cancer by using individual, open and deep methods. The interviews were analyzed with conventional content analysis method. The titles of the three major categories were included as behavioral changes to maintain and promote health (acquisition of health information and adopting promoting health behaviors), spiritual development (attention to the God and sense of meaning in life, revising the values and priorities, strengthening moral and behavioral traits) and pers...
Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, Mar 2, 2012
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among Iranian women. These patients suffer... more Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among Iranian women. These patients suffer from a wide range of physical and mental (depression, anxiety and stress) signs and symptoms during the diagnostic and therapeutic processes. Despite the improvement in survival rates due to advances in medical care, different types of psychosocial interventions are still growingly needed considering the increasing number of cancer patients with longer survival times. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of relaxation on depression, anxiety and stress in women who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer. This clinical trial was conducted during about 4.5 months in a referral chemotherapy clinic of a teaching hospital in Isfahan, Iran. The participants consisted of 48 breast cancer patients who were selected by simple random sampling. They were randomly assigned into two groups of control and case. The control group was treated only by usual medical therapy, whereas the case group was treated by combined medical-relaxation therapy. Data collection tools were the validated Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS42) and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test and paired t-test.. The baseline mean scores of depression, anxiety and stress were not significantly different between the case and control groups. However, the scores in the case group improved significantly after the treatment (p < 0.05). On the contrary, such improvement was not seen in the control group. Relaxation therapy can be effective in the improvement of depression, anxiety and stress. Therefore, it can be recommended as an effective care program in patients with malignant disorders.
Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 2015
Nurses are considered the largest and most important human resource for healthcare organizations.... more Nurses are considered the largest and most important human resource for healthcare organizations. Self-efficacy as the main predictor of nurses' behavior plays an important role in nurses' professional behavior. However, the various dimensions and threats of caring self- efficacy concept have not been taken into consideration. The present paper attempts to identify threats to self-efficacy as an important aspect of the concept of pediatric nurses' caring self-efficacy. This study is part of a larger study on the caring self-efficacy concept that was conducted through content analysis and from a qualitative approach in 2014 in Iran. Twenty-seven nurses and pediatric clinical instructors participated in this research according to the purposive sampling method employed in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method. "Threats to self-efficacy" was one of the main themes extracted from the interview analysis results in the present study. The theme consists of two main categories "individual barriers," including not having a caring attitude and not being interested in children, and "organizational barriers," including an inefficient educational system, not developing professional capabilities, non-valuation of the organization in a caring context, a poor rewards system, and inappropriate managerial policies. Nursing management and custodians of nursing trainings can break through the barriers to self-efficacy by knowing these factors and making changes in the educational programs and providing supporting policies. This can be an important step toward improving nurses' inefficacy and ultimately improving the provision of quality healthcare services.
Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, Nov 1, 2014
Today disasters are a part of many people's lives. Iran has a lon... more Today disasters are a part of many people's lives. Iran has a long history of disaster events and nurses are one of the most significant groups within the Iranian disaster relief operations, providing immediate and long-term care for those affected by the disaster. However, the technical competence of Iranian nurses and their training for this work has received little attention. This article presents the results of a study that aims to explore this context. A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews to collect data from 30 nurses, who were deliberately selected from the health centers affiliated to the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Themes were identified using the conventional qualitative content analysis. The trustworthiness of the study was supported by considering the auditability, neutrality, consistency, and transferability. The study lasted from 2011 to 2012. Data analysis undertaken for the qualitative study resulted in the identification of five main themes, which included: (1) Management competences, (2) ethical and legal competences, (3) team working, and (4) personal abilities and the specific technical competences presented in this report. This report presents an overview of the nursing technical capabilities required for Iranian nurses during disaster relief. It is argued that additional competencies are required for nurses who care in high-risk situations, including disasters. Nurses need to prepare themselves more effectively to be responsible and effective in nursing care.
Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, Jan 23, 2014
Living with patients of chronic diseases such as heart failure (HF) is a difficult situation for ... more Living with patients of chronic diseases such as heart failure (HF) is a difficult situation for the caregivers. This study explored the Iranian family caregivers' burden of caregiving for patients with HF. Eighteen family caregivers of the HF patients from two governmental medical training centers in Isfahan, Iran were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Each interview was transcribed verbatim and was thematically analyzed concurrently. FOUR MAJOR THEMES EMERGED FROM THE ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSCRIPTS: Lack of care-related knowledge, physical exhaustion, psychosocial exhaustion, and lack of support. Family caregivers believed that they have little knowledge about the patients' disease, drugs, and how to perform caregiving roles. They experienced negative physical and psychosocial consequences of full-time and highly extended caregiving roles, such as musculoskeletal disorder, fatigue, and sleep disturbance, and a high level of anxiety, stress, and social isolation. Caregivers believed that they receive little familial and organizational support on the emotional and financial dimensions of caregiving. The findings of this study can be used by healthcare providers, especially nurses, to provide more effective social, informational, and professional support for family caregivers.
Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, May 1, 2014
Living with heart failure patients is a complex situation for family caregivers. Few studies have... more Living with heart failure patients is a complex situation for family caregivers. Few studies have been conducted to examine the effects of interventional programs to ease this condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a supportive educative group intervention in reducing family caregivers' burden of caregiving. This randomized clinical trail was conducted at a selective teaching hospital in Isfahan, Iran in 2012. The intervention consisted of four weekly multimedia training sessions of 2 h that included education and family support for 50 family caregivers. Caregiver burden was measured using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Paired t-test, Student's t-tests, and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test for significant differences of the mean scores of burden between the intervention and control groups over a 3-month period. The intervention was successful in reducing caregiver burden over time both at the end of the intervention period (P = 0.000) and 3 months after the intervention (P = 0.000). Nurses and other healthcare providers can use the findings of this study in order to implement effective programs to reduce family caregivers' challenges and to provide them more support.
Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research
Despite the scientific and medical advances for management of complicated health issues, the curr... more Despite the scientific and medical advances for management of complicated health issues, the current maternity care setting has increased risks for healthy women and their babies. The aim of this study was to conduct an overview of published systematic reviews on the interventions used most commonly for management of normal labor and delivery in the first stage of labor. The online databases through March 2013, limited to systematic reviews of clinical trials were searched. An updated search was performed in April 2014. Two reviewers independently assessed data inclusion, extraction, and quality of methodology. Twenty-three reviews (16 Cochrane, 7 non-Cochrane), relating to the most common care practices for management of normal labor and delivery in the first stage of labor, were included. Evidence does not support routine enemas, routine perineal shaving, continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring, routine early amniotomy, and restriction of fluids and food during labor. Ev...
Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 2015
Traumatic events such as breast cancer along with negative effects on patients also have positive... more Traumatic events such as breast cancer along with negative effects on patients also have positive effects. These cases have been studied less in Iran. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of explanation of positive changes after breast cancer by using a qualitative approach. This qualitative study was conducted in 2012 in one of the specialized centers for cancer affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In this study, it was interviewed with 19 women with breast cancer about positive changes after cancer by using individual, open and deep methods. The interviews were analyzed with conventional content analysis method. The titles of the three major categories were included as behavioral changes to maintain and promote health (acquisition of health information and adopting promoting health behaviors), spiritual development (attention to the God and sense of meaning in life, revising the values and priorities, strengthening moral and behavioral traits) and personal growth and flourish (feeling empowerment, confidence and efforts to achieve the goals and desires). These three categories have led to emerge themes in this study as the "Awakening after cancer." The results of this study indicated positive changes after breast cancer. Considering such changes while providing care and consulting to patients with breast cancer in addition to facilitate and accelerate positive changes will be prompted to provide care and proper and influential consulting to promote patient health.
Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research
Error is an inevitable aspect of all the professions particularly health and treatment-related jo... more Error is an inevitable aspect of all the professions particularly health and treatment-related jobs and it should be acknowledged that committing it cannot absolutely be preventable. Among the causes that necessitate the evaluation of nursing errors, it should be noted that errors not only lead to damage and mortality for the patients, but also they are one of the obvious and costly problems in the hospitals. It is believed that nurses have the focal role in committing nursing errors.The main objective of this study was to identify nursing errors and the related factors. This was a descriptive-correlative study which was conducted in 2010. 239 nurses and head nurses who were working in the selected hospitals in Isfahan were selected randomly and participated in this research. In order to collect the data, two questionnaires were used, each one consisting of three sections of the demographic data, questions about the type of error and the effective factors for making the errors. The highest rate of error was reported about the lack of compiling and reviewing the medical history of the patient (31.75%) and also disregarding the appropriate time for prescription of the medicine (31.75%). Besides, the nurses and head nurses believed in more than one factor for committing the errors and mentioned the managerial factors (84.2%) and patient-related factors (50.5%) as the most important and the least important causes for the commitment of errors respectively. Moreover, there was a direct relationship between gender, ward, and having an extra job with the score of the nursing errors. Attempts for reducing and controlling the nursing errors can rely on the usage of systemic approaches for assessing the effective factors, removing these factors as much as possible, and designing a system for increasing the level of reporting these errors for identifying the weak points and jeopardizing factors.
BACKGROUND: Improving quality of life (QoL) has been an important consideration in patients with ... more BACKGROUND: Improving quality of life (QoL) has been an important consideration in patients with chronic diseases such as cancer particularly in last two decades. Praying is a valuable nursing care to improve cancer patients' QoL. However, controversies still exist about the effect of different types of praying. This study was conducted to compare the impact of private and collective praying on cancer patients' QoL.
Language Learning
The present research examined the effect of word repetition prior to reading on skimming of Irani... more The present research examined the effect of word repetition prior to reading on skimming of Iranian EFL learners. Initially, a sample of 108 sophomore EFL learners majoring in English translation was selected based on systematic random sampling from Dorud Islamic Azad University. Then, based on an ECCE proficiency test, 62 participants were chosen and divided into two homogeneous groups of 31. One group had exposure to repetition practice and the other did not have any chance for repetition practice of reading materials. After thirteen academic sessions, the results of the paired t-test regarding the pre-tests and post-tests of the two group means showed that both differences (group one: –2.83 and group two: 1.22) were significant at 0.05 levels (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that repetition practice prior to reading, could improve EFL learners reading comprehension; however, repetition practice could demonstrate greater improvements on skimming than EFL learners’ reading com...
Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research
Nurses, who are considered to form the largest group of professional healthcare providers, face t... more Nurses, who are considered to form the largest group of professional healthcare providers, face the challenge of maintaining, promoting, and providing quality nursing care and to prepare themselves to function confidently and to care effectively. Among the factors affecting nursing performance, self-efficacy has been expected to have the greatest influence. However, the concept of caring self-efficacy was not considered and no research has been done in this field in Iran. This study was conducted to explore and identify the factors described by pediatric nurses as related to caring self-efficacy. This is a qualitative study conducted through content analysis in 2013 in Iran. Twenty-four participants were selected through purposive sampling method from pediatric nurses and educators. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis method. The analysis of the interviews in this study led to the development of four main the...
Nursing Ethics
Nursing, a scientific and practical discipline, faces continuing challenges of finding new direct... more Nursing, a scientific and practical discipline, faces continuing challenges of finding new direction in order to decipher its core values and develop current ethical codes for nursing practice. In 2009–10, 28 nurses were purposely selected and interviewed using a semi-structured format in focus groups and individually. Thematic Content Analysis helped explore the perception of Iranian nurses on ethical values in patient care. Seven major themes emerged: respect for dignity, professional integrity, professional commitment, developing human relationships, justice, honesty, and promoting individuals and the nursing profession. Iranian nurses revealed a unique and culture-based set of ethical values. This study found that Iranian nurses place a greater emphasis on preserving the dignity of those accompanying the patient and in showing regard for patients’ religious beliefs in a gender appropriate environment.
Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research
Journal for specialists in pediatric nursing : JSPN, Jan 7, 2015
The present study was conducted to clarify pediatric nurses' characteristics of caring self-e... more The present study was conducted to clarify pediatric nurses' characteristics of caring self-efficacy. This study was conducted using a qualitative content analysis approach. The participants included 27 pediatric nurses and clinical instructors, selected purposively. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using the content analysis method. Data analysis generated four main themes as attributes of a self-efficient pediatric nurse including: (a) professional communications; (b) management of care; (c) altruism; and (d) proficiency. Nursing managers and instructors can use these results to help develop nurses' empowerment and self-efficacy, especially in pediatric care.
Journal of education and health promotion, 2014
Today disasters, natural and man-made, are a part of many people's lives. Iran has a long his... more Today disasters, natural and man-made, are a part of many people's lives. Iran has a long history of disaster events. Nurses are one of the most significant groups within Iranian disaster relief operations, providing immediate and longer term care for those affected by the disaster. However, the competence of Iranian nurses and their training for this work has received little attention. This paper presented the results of a study aimed to explore the context. A qualitative study was performed in 2012 in Iran. Interviews were conducted with 35 nurses. The sampling of participants was purposeful and continued until data saturation was achieved. Themes were identified using inductive qualitative content analysis. Trustworthiness of the study was supported considering auditability, neutrality, consistency, and transferability. Data analysis undertaken for the qualitative study resulted in the identification of five main themes included 1-management competences, 2- ethical and legal ...
Iranian Journal of Medical Education, Nov 15, 2002
Introduction. Critical thinking skills are necessary/or different disciplines of medical sciences... more Introduction. Critical thinking skills are necessary/or different disciplines of medical sciences. These skills must be considered in clinical education curriculum. Therefore, this study was planned with the purpose to measure and compare critical thinking in reshman and senior B.S. students in Isfahan Medical University in 2002. Methods: This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The research samples consisted of 200 freshman and senior B.S. students from four Schools including: Health (30), Nursing and Midwifery , Management & Informatics (45) and Rehabilitation sciences . These were selected by stratified simple sampling method. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: demographic characteristics and Cornell Critical Thinking Test which was completed by the participants. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and by SPSS software. Results: The mean score of critical thinking for freshman and senior B.S. students was 19.9 and 21.6, respectively. T-test showed a significant difference between critical thinking scores of freshman and senior students. There was a significant relationship between the mean score of critical thinking and the accuracy in responding in senior students. A significant relationship was also found between the mean score of critical thinking and students'families place of residency in freshman students. Conclusion: The findings showed a low mean score of critical thinking for freshman and senior students in four schools. Therefore, it is recommended that learning and education processes should be reinforced. Also based on the research findings, it seems that medical education at the university, regardless of some difficulties has been successful in increasing critical thinking among students.
Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, Oct 2, 2010
Shayesteh Salehi Assistant Professor of Nursing Education, Nursing & Midwifery School, Is... more Shayesteh Salehi Assistant Professor of Nursing Education, Nursing & Midwifery School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfaha Iran, Islamic Republic Of. Masoud Bahrami PhD of Nursing-Oncology Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical ...
Global Journal of Health Science, 2015
Domestic violence is a continual stressor that motivates its victim to react. The way a woman dea... more Domestic violence is a continual stressor that motivates its victim to react. The way a woman deals with her husband&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s violence determine the consequence of the violent relationship. In the present study, a qualitative approach was employed to investigate women&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s reactions to and ways of coping with domestic violence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2014 with 18 women who experienced domestic violence in an attempt to explain how women deal with domestic violence. After the interviews were transcribed word by word, they were explored in the form of meaningful units and encoded as subcategories and categories through inductive content analysis. The reliability and validity of the interviews were measured by an external supervisor. Two categories of reaction and coping were identified through content analysis: passive and non-normative measures and active measures. Passive and non-normative measures included the subcategories of harmful behaviors, retaliation, tolerance, and silence. Active measures included seeking help and advice, legal measures, leaving the spouse, positive and health promoting measures. In the present study, ways of coping with a husband&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s violence among women experiencing domestic violence were divided into two categories: passive and non-normative measures and active measures. These categories confirmed the models of coping with stress in previous studies. Adopting an appropriate approach to dealing with domestic violence is affected by a woman&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s capacity and beliefs, the dominant culture, intensity of the violence, available social and legal supports, and effectiveness of evaluation measures. To generalize service provision to victimized women, the type of coping and the reason for adopting the chosen approach need to be taken into account.
Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 2014
Nurses are members of the health care team for crisis response. Identifying nurses' capabilit... more Nurses are members of the health care team for crisis response. Identifying nurses' capability in responding to a disaster and promoting their preparedness will lead to effective use of human resources and decreasing the detrimental effects of disaster. The purpose of this article was to determine emergency nurses' competences in triage, life support, and basic clinical skills in disaster response. This study was a descriptive study in which 40 emergency nurses were recruited by purposeful sampling. Moreover, their competencies in performing triage, life support, and basic clinical skills were evaluated by utilizing eight-station objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Our findings showed that the mean scores of nurses' performance were: In triage (4.3 ± 1.27), life support (4 ± 1.5), airway management (5.3 ± 1.7), chest tube insertion (7.3 ± 1.8), nasogastric tube insertion (5.6 ± 2.5), IV therapy (2.5 ± 0.8), IV line insertion (6 ± 1.4), suturing (9.1 ± 1.6),...
Journal of education and health promotion, 2015
Traumatic events such as breast cancer along with negative effects on patients also have positive... more Traumatic events such as breast cancer along with negative effects on patients also have positive effects. These cases have been studied less in Iran. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of explanation of positive changes after breast cancer by using a qualitative approach. This qualitative study was conducted in 2012 in one of the specialized centers for cancer affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In this study, it was interviewed with 19 women with breast cancer about positive changes after cancer by using individual, open and deep methods. The interviews were analyzed with conventional content analysis method. The titles of the three major categories were included as behavioral changes to maintain and promote health (acquisition of health information and adopting promoting health behaviors), spiritual development (attention to the God and sense of meaning in life, revising the values and priorities, strengthening moral and behavioral traits) and pers...
Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, Mar 2, 2012
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among Iranian women. These patients suffer... more Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among Iranian women. These patients suffer from a wide range of physical and mental (depression, anxiety and stress) signs and symptoms during the diagnostic and therapeutic processes. Despite the improvement in survival rates due to advances in medical care, different types of psychosocial interventions are still growingly needed considering the increasing number of cancer patients with longer survival times. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of relaxation on depression, anxiety and stress in women who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer. This clinical trial was conducted during about 4.5 months in a referral chemotherapy clinic of a teaching hospital in Isfahan, Iran. The participants consisted of 48 breast cancer patients who were selected by simple random sampling. They were randomly assigned into two groups of control and case. The control group was treated only by usual medical therapy, whereas the case group was treated by combined medical-relaxation therapy. Data collection tools were the validated Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS42) and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test and paired t-test.. The baseline mean scores of depression, anxiety and stress were not significantly different between the case and control groups. However, the scores in the case group improved significantly after the treatment (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). On the contrary, such improvement was not seen in the control group. Relaxation therapy can be effective in the improvement of depression, anxiety and stress. Therefore, it can be recommended as an effective care program in patients with malignant disorders.
Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 2015
Nurses are considered the largest and most important human resource for healthcare organizations.... more Nurses are considered the largest and most important human resource for healthcare organizations. Self-efficacy as the main predictor of nurses&amp;amp;amp;#39; behavior plays an important role in nurses&amp;amp;amp;#39; professional behavior. However, the various dimensions and threats of caring self- efficacy concept have not been taken into consideration. The present paper attempts to identify threats to self-efficacy as an important aspect of the concept of pediatric nurses&amp;amp;amp;#39; caring self-efficacy. This study is part of a larger study on the caring self-efficacy concept that was conducted through content analysis and from a qualitative approach in 2014 in Iran. Twenty-seven nurses and pediatric clinical instructors participated in this research according to the purposive sampling method employed in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method. &amp;amp;amp;quot;Threats to self-efficacy&amp;amp;amp;quot; was one of the main themes extracted from the interview analysis results in the present study. The theme consists of two main categories &amp;amp;amp;quot;individual barriers,&amp;amp;amp;quot; including not having a caring attitude and not being interested in children, and &amp;amp;amp;quot;organizational barriers,&amp;amp;amp;quot; including an inefficient educational system, not developing professional capabilities, non-valuation of the organization in a caring context, a poor rewards system, and inappropriate managerial policies. Nursing management and custodians of nursing trainings can break through the barriers to self-efficacy by knowing these factors and making changes in the educational programs and providing supporting policies. This can be an important step toward improving nurses&amp;amp;amp;#39; inefficacy and ultimately improving the provision of quality healthcare services.
Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, Nov 1, 2014
Today disasters are a part of many people&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s lives. Iran has a lon... more Today disasters are a part of many people&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s lives. Iran has a long history of disaster events and nurses are one of the most significant groups within the Iranian disaster relief operations, providing immediate and long-term care for those affected by the disaster. However, the technical competence of Iranian nurses and their training for this work has received little attention. This article presents the results of a study that aims to explore this context. A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews to collect data from 30 nurses, who were deliberately selected from the health centers affiliated to the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Themes were identified using the conventional qualitative content analysis. The trustworthiness of the study was supported by considering the auditability, neutrality, consistency, and transferability. The study lasted from 2011 to 2012. Data analysis undertaken for the qualitative study resulted in the identification of five main themes, which included: (1) Management competences, (2) ethical and legal competences, (3) team working, and (4) personal abilities and the specific technical competences presented in this report. This report presents an overview of the nursing technical capabilities required for Iranian nurses during disaster relief. It is argued that additional competencies are required for nurses who care in high-risk situations, including disasters. Nurses need to prepare themselves more effectively to be responsible and effective in nursing care.
Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, Jan 23, 2014
Living with patients of chronic diseases such as heart failure (HF) is a difficult situation for ... more Living with patients of chronic diseases such as heart failure (HF) is a difficult situation for the caregivers. This study explored the Iranian family caregivers&amp;amp;amp;#39; burden of caregiving for patients with HF. Eighteen family caregivers of the HF patients from two governmental medical training centers in Isfahan, Iran were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Each interview was transcribed verbatim and was thematically analyzed concurrently. FOUR MAJOR THEMES EMERGED FROM THE ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSCRIPTS: Lack of care-related knowledge, physical exhaustion, psychosocial exhaustion, and lack of support. Family caregivers believed that they have little knowledge about the patients&amp;amp;amp;#39; disease, drugs, and how to perform caregiving roles. They experienced negative physical and psychosocial consequences of full-time and highly extended caregiving roles, such as musculoskeletal disorder, fatigue, and sleep disturbance, and a high level of anxiety, stress, and social isolation. Caregivers believed that they receive little familial and organizational support on the emotional and financial dimensions of caregiving. The findings of this study can be used by healthcare providers, especially nurses, to provide more effective social, informational, and professional support for family caregivers.
Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, May 1, 2014
Living with heart failure patients is a complex situation for family caregivers. Few studies have... more Living with heart failure patients is a complex situation for family caregivers. Few studies have been conducted to examine the effects of interventional programs to ease this condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a supportive educative group intervention in reducing family caregivers&amp;amp;amp;#39; burden of caregiving. This randomized clinical trail was conducted at a selective teaching hospital in Isfahan, Iran in 2012. The intervention consisted of four weekly multimedia training sessions of 2 h that included education and family support for 50 family caregivers. Caregiver burden was measured using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Paired t-test, Student&amp;amp;amp;#39;s t-tests, and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test for significant differences of the mean scores of burden between the intervention and control groups over a 3-month period. The intervention was successful in reducing caregiver burden over time both at the end of the intervention period (P = 0.000) and 3 months after the intervention (P = 0.000). Nurses and other healthcare providers can use the findings of this study in order to implement effective programs to reduce family caregivers&amp;amp;amp;#39; challenges and to provide them more support.
Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research
Despite the scientific and medical advances for management of complicated health issues, the curr... more Despite the scientific and medical advances for management of complicated health issues, the current maternity care setting has increased risks for healthy women and their babies. The aim of this study was to conduct an overview of published systematic reviews on the interventions used most commonly for management of normal labor and delivery in the first stage of labor. The online databases through March 2013, limited to systematic reviews of clinical trials were searched. An updated search was performed in April 2014. Two reviewers independently assessed data inclusion, extraction, and quality of methodology. Twenty-three reviews (16 Cochrane, 7 non-Cochrane), relating to the most common care practices for management of normal labor and delivery in the first stage of labor, were included. Evidence does not support routine enemas, routine perineal shaving, continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring, routine early amniotomy, and restriction of fluids and food during labor. Ev...
Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 2015
Traumatic events such as breast cancer along with negative effects on patients also have positive... more Traumatic events such as breast cancer along with negative effects on patients also have positive effects. These cases have been studied less in Iran. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of explanation of positive changes after breast cancer by using a qualitative approach. This qualitative study was conducted in 2012 in one of the specialized centers for cancer affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In this study, it was interviewed with 19 women with breast cancer about positive changes after cancer by using individual, open and deep methods. The interviews were analyzed with conventional content analysis method. The titles of the three major categories were included as behavioral changes to maintain and promote health (acquisition of health information and adopting promoting health behaviors), spiritual development (attention to the God and sense of meaning in life, revising the values and priorities, strengthening moral and behavioral traits) and personal growth and flourish (feeling empowerment, confidence and efforts to achieve the goals and desires). These three categories have led to emerge themes in this study as the &amp;amp;amp;quot;Awakening after cancer.&amp;amp;amp;quot; The results of this study indicated positive changes after breast cancer. Considering such changes while providing care and consulting to patients with breast cancer in addition to facilitate and accelerate positive changes will be prompted to provide care and proper and influential consulting to promote patient health.
Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research
Error is an inevitable aspect of all the professions particularly health and treatment-related jo... more Error is an inevitable aspect of all the professions particularly health and treatment-related jobs and it should be acknowledged that committing it cannot absolutely be preventable. Among the causes that necessitate the evaluation of nursing errors, it should be noted that errors not only lead to damage and mortality for the patients, but also they are one of the obvious and costly problems in the hospitals. It is believed that nurses have the focal role in committing nursing errors.The main objective of this study was to identify nursing errors and the related factors. This was a descriptive-correlative study which was conducted in 2010. 239 nurses and head nurses who were working in the selected hospitals in Isfahan were selected randomly and participated in this research. In order to collect the data, two questionnaires were used, each one consisting of three sections of the demographic data, questions about the type of error and the effective factors for making the errors. The highest rate of error was reported about the lack of compiling and reviewing the medical history of the patient (31.75%) and also disregarding the appropriate time for prescription of the medicine (31.75%). Besides, the nurses and head nurses believed in more than one factor for committing the errors and mentioned the managerial factors (84.2%) and patient-related factors (50.5%) as the most important and the least important causes for the commitment of errors respectively. Moreover, there was a direct relationship between gender, ward, and having an extra job with the score of the nursing errors. Attempts for reducing and controlling the nursing errors can rely on the usage of systemic approaches for assessing the effective factors, removing these factors as much as possible, and designing a system for increasing the level of reporting these errors for identifying the weak points and jeopardizing factors.
BACKGROUND: Improving quality of life (QoL) has been an important consideration in patients with ... more BACKGROUND: Improving quality of life (QoL) has been an important consideration in patients with chronic diseases such as cancer particularly in last two decades. Praying is a valuable nursing care to improve cancer patients' QoL. However, controversies still exist about the effect of different types of praying. This study was conducted to compare the impact of private and collective praying on cancer patients' QoL.
Language Learning
The present research examined the effect of word repetition prior to reading on skimming of Irani... more The present research examined the effect of word repetition prior to reading on skimming of Iranian EFL learners. Initially, a sample of 108 sophomore EFL learners majoring in English translation was selected based on systematic random sampling from Dorud Islamic Azad University. Then, based on an ECCE proficiency test, 62 participants were chosen and divided into two homogeneous groups of 31. One group had exposure to repetition practice and the other did not have any chance for repetition practice of reading materials. After thirteen academic sessions, the results of the paired t-test regarding the pre-tests and post-tests of the two group means showed that both differences (group one: –2.83 and group two: 1.22) were significant at 0.05 levels (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that repetition practice prior to reading, could improve EFL learners reading comprehension; however, repetition practice could demonstrate greater improvements on skimming than EFL learners’ reading com...
Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research
Nurses, who are considered to form the largest group of professional healthcare providers, face t... more Nurses, who are considered to form the largest group of professional healthcare providers, face the challenge of maintaining, promoting, and providing quality nursing care and to prepare themselves to function confidently and to care effectively. Among the factors affecting nursing performance, self-efficacy has been expected to have the greatest influence. However, the concept of caring self-efficacy was not considered and no research has been done in this field in Iran. This study was conducted to explore and identify the factors described by pediatric nurses as related to caring self-efficacy. This is a qualitative study conducted through content analysis in 2013 in Iran. Twenty-four participants were selected through purposive sampling method from pediatric nurses and educators. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis method. The analysis of the interviews in this study led to the development of four main the...
Nursing Ethics
Nursing, a scientific and practical discipline, faces continuing challenges of finding new direct... more Nursing, a scientific and practical discipline, faces continuing challenges of finding new direction in order to decipher its core values and develop current ethical codes for nursing practice. In 2009–10, 28 nurses were purposely selected and interviewed using a semi-structured format in focus groups and individually. Thematic Content Analysis helped explore the perception of Iranian nurses on ethical values in patient care. Seven major themes emerged: respect for dignity, professional integrity, professional commitment, developing human relationships, justice, honesty, and promoting individuals and the nursing profession. Iranian nurses revealed a unique and culture-based set of ethical values. This study found that Iranian nurses place a greater emphasis on preserving the dignity of those accompanying the patient and in showing regard for patients’ religious beliefs in a gender appropriate environment.
Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research
Journal for specialists in pediatric nursing : JSPN, Jan 7, 2015
The present study was conducted to clarify pediatric nurses' characteristics of caring self-e... more The present study was conducted to clarify pediatric nurses' characteristics of caring self-efficacy. This study was conducted using a qualitative content analysis approach. The participants included 27 pediatric nurses and clinical instructors, selected purposively. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using the content analysis method. Data analysis generated four main themes as attributes of a self-efficient pediatric nurse including: (a) professional communications; (b) management of care; (c) altruism; and (d) proficiency. Nursing managers and instructors can use these results to help develop nurses' empowerment and self-efficacy, especially in pediatric care.
Journal of education and health promotion, 2014
Today disasters, natural and man-made, are a part of many people's lives. Iran has a long his... more Today disasters, natural and man-made, are a part of many people's lives. Iran has a long history of disaster events. Nurses are one of the most significant groups within Iranian disaster relief operations, providing immediate and longer term care for those affected by the disaster. However, the competence of Iranian nurses and their training for this work has received little attention. This paper presented the results of a study aimed to explore the context. A qualitative study was performed in 2012 in Iran. Interviews were conducted with 35 nurses. The sampling of participants was purposeful and continued until data saturation was achieved. Themes were identified using inductive qualitative content analysis. Trustworthiness of the study was supported considering auditability, neutrality, consistency, and transferability. Data analysis undertaken for the qualitative study resulted in the identification of five main themes included 1-management competences, 2- ethical and legal ...