Balaji Ghugare - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Balaji Ghugare
Background & Objective: Diabetes being a chronic disorder is associated with increased oxidative ... more Background & Objective: Diabetes being a chronic disorder is associated with increased oxidative stress by glucose oxidation and non enzymatic protein glycation. Imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants lead to oxidative stress. Increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) end product of lipid peroxidation have been observed in type II diabetes but results regarding status of enzymatic antioxidants, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Glutathione reductase (GR) are conflicting. Therefore this study was conducted to estimate levels of MDA, GPX & GR and to find the correlation of these to glycaemic control if any in diabetics without complications. Methodology: Type II diabetics (n=40) diagnosed not more than 5 yrs back, without any complications were cases and age & sex matched normal subjects (n=40) were controls in this study. Blood levels of glucose, glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C), MDA and erythrocytic activity of GPX and GR were estimated. Results: Blood MDA level was found to be s...
BACKGROUND: F waves are miniature compound muscle action potential whose role in electrodiagnosis... more BACKGROUND: F waves are miniature compound muscle action potential whose role in electrodiagnosis is well established. Gender and body mass index (BMI) have observed to influence F wave latency in healthy subjects. We aimed to collect reference values of median and ulnar F wave latency in healthy late teenagers and to see influence of sex and BMI on this variable. MATERIAL METHODS: We enrolled 56 healthy late teenagers out of which 49 (24 male and 25 female) were included in study. Mean values for median and ulnar F wave minimum latency were obtained and stratified on the basis of gender and BMI for comparison. RESULTS: Mean and SD values for median and ulnar F wave latency were 25.08±1.8 and 25.16±1.9 respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in gender-wise and BMI-wise groups under study (p value>0.05). Median F wave latency was shorter than ulnar F wave latency and there was no side to side difference in latencies. CONCLUSION: We concluded that F wave ...
Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2013
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electromyography (EMG) are complimentary investigations in d... more Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electromyography (EMG) are complimentary investigations in diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR). With changing pattern of S1 electrodiagnosis by H-reflex study measures, electrophysiological studies were conducted to establish most common electrophysiological predictors of LSR in MRI diagnosed L5S1 neural foramina compression subjects. Fifty subjects, with definite L5S1 neural foramina compression underwent electrophysiological evaluation and the data was analyzed using established electrodiagnostic criteria. Reduced H/M ratio in combination with absent H response was evident in 74 nerves. H-reflex study was abnormal in 88% subjects. Study concluded that, H/M ratio if used with other H-reflex study variables may be most common predictor of LSR.
Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2010
Microcephaly implies a reduced occipito-frontal circumference (< 2 Standard Deviation of norma... more Microcephaly implies a reduced occipito-frontal circumference (< 2 Standard Deviation of normal) and therefore a small brain size, which is usually associated with different neurodeficit. Intactness of the auditory pathway in microcephalic as well as normal children was assessed by Brain stem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) to locate the exact site of lesion resulting in the auditory impairment, so that appropriate early rehabilitative measures can be taken. The study revealed that absolute peak latency of wave V, inter peak latencies of III-V and I-V were significantly higher (P- value < 0.05 in each case) in microcephalics than the normal children. Auditory impairment in microcephaly is a common neurodeficit that can be authentically assessed by BERA. The hearing impairment in microcephalics is mostly due to insufficiency of central components of auditory pathway at the level of brainstem, function of peripheral structures being almost within normal limit.
Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2010
The diagnostic evaluation of chronic low back pain (CLBP) is difficult, as its primary causes are... more The diagnostic evaluation of chronic low back pain (CLBP) is difficult, as its primary causes are multiple. Clinical, radiological and electrophysiological findings are of limited value in diagnosing radiculopathy as the cause of CLBP in early cases. Current study was undertaken on 50 controls and 50 CLBP patients without clinical neurological deficit to evaluate the potential of nerve conduction studies, particularly H-reflex study for diagnosis of radiculopathy in these cases. We observed that routine nerve conductions in CLBP without clinical neurodeficit showed no significant differences; whereas all the H-reflex parameters, H-threshold, H latency, H amplitude and H/M ratio were significantly different when compared with that of control (P value < 0.0001 in each case). We concluded that subclinical cases might not have only partial conduction block but also secondary axonal loss due to compression of nerve roots. We further suggest inclusion of Soleus H-reflex study in evalua...
Introduction: Sural sensory nerve conduction studies and Soleus H-reflex studies are affected ear... more Introduction: Sural sensory nerve conduction studies and Soleus H-reflex studies are affected earliest in systemic illness like diabetes mellitus. Age, sex, height and BMI are associated with nerve conduction study variables. Association of Soleus H-reflex study variables including H wave maximum amplitude and H/M ratio have been rarely explored yet. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the impact of anthropometric measures on sural sensory and soleus H-reflex study variables. Design: A cross sectional study. Material and methods: Fifty healthy participants (47 male and 3 female) with mean age 33.02 years and age range 21-60 years underwent electrophysiological evaluation (sural sensory and soleus H-reflex study). Sural SNAP amplitude, CV, H wave minimum latency, H wave maximum amplitude and H/M ratio values were obtained. Results: Statistically significant correlation (p value 0.05) but fixed trends were observed between anthropometric measures and sural SNAP amplitude or H wave minimu...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study the HRCT temporal bone findings in chronic middle ear infecti... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study the HRCT temporal bone findings in chronic middle ear infections with reference to its extent and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After an initial clinical assessment, 30 patients diagnosed clinically with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) were referred for a HRCT of temporal bone which was done with a Siemens’ 16 slice MDCT scanner. RESULTS: Of the 30 patients, 60% were males and 40% were females. Otorrhoea (100%) is the most common symptom. Scutum was eroded in 23 cases. Malleus (18 cases) is the most commonly eroded among the ossicles. Mastoiditis and mastoid abscess (22%) was the most common complication of CSOM followed by Malleus head erosion (60%). Intracranial complications like abscess, Dural sinus thrombosis (4%), Facial canal Dehiscence (4%) , Tegmen tympani Erosion (2%). Cochlea erosion, Tegmen mastoideum Erosion, Lateral semicircular canal erosion were not observed in any of the cases. Cholesteatoma were observed in 30 cas...
Introduction: - Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a noninvasive technique to measure parasympatheti... more Introduction: - Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a noninvasive technique to measure parasympathetic activities of heart. In this study, we measured the Parasympathetic activity in newly diagnosed patients of moderate depression by High Frequency (HF) parameter of HRV. Depression is the leading cause of mental disability and by the year 2020, depression is projected to reach 2nd place of the ranking of disease disability-adjusted life year (DALY). Objective: Parasympathetic activity in newly diagnosed patients of moderate depression. Method:- this study was planned on 40 newly diagnosed male patients of moderate depression according to ICD-10 (the international classification of diseases-10) taken from department of Psychiatry PGIMS Rohtak and 40 healthy males subjects of same age group. High Frequency (HF) parameter of HRV was recorded by using RMS polyrite machine. Result: - The HF (ms2) component in frequency domain of HRV in patients of moderate depression in group II (166.55±41.4...
BACKGROUND: Intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus in adults are difficult fractures to tr... more BACKGROUND: Intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus in adults are difficult fractures to treat because of their rarity and associated significant comminution. Because of the anatomical difficulties due to congruence of articular surface which are increased by the comminution of the fragments, perfect reduction and immobilization cannot always be obtained. To study the outcome of management of thirty Intercondylar fracture Humerus bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a prospective study of 30 fractures of Intercondylar humerus. In Type1 fracture, plaster & early mobilization was done. Type 2 fractures, in the majority of the cases manipulation and immobilized in an above –the elbow slab in the extension was done. In Few type 2 fracture and most cases of type 3 fractures, fragments were usually be brought into accurate alignment by means of open reduction and internal fixation by K-wire, plate & screw fixation to be considered. In Type 4 fracture (bag of bones) conservative treatm...
National journal of integrated research in medicine, 2013
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, May 15, 2018
Introduction: Nerve conduction studies (NCS) assess neuropathy in thyroid dysfunction. Entrapment... more Introduction: Nerve conduction studies (NCS) assess neuropathy in thyroid dysfunction. Entrapment neuropathies and general sensorimotor polyneuropathies are often diagnosed in these patients. F waves are usually prolonged in generalized and entrapment neuropathies. Hypothyroid patients often present with carpel tunnel syndrome. Objective: To evaluate and compare F wave study variables in hypothyroid patients with normal subjects. To assess neuropathies in hypothyroid patients, by using Fwave study as an independent test. Materials and Methods: 23 hypothyroid and 23 normal participants were selected according to selection criteria underwent F wave study. Variables like F wave minimum, maximum and mean latencies were obtained from control and cases. Data was analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 10.0 version. Unpaired t'test was used to evaluate significant difference between cases and controls if any. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: F wave study variables of 23 (twenty Three) hypothyroid cases were compared with 23 (twenty three) age and sex matched controls. Statistically significant difference (p value < 0.05) were observed between Median motor F wave minimum, maximum and mean latencies of control and cases. No significant difference was observed between Ulnar motor F wave minimum, maximum and mean latencies of control and cases (p value >0.05). Conclusion: Present study concluded that F wave study may be used as an independent electrodiagnostic (EDX) test to assess median neuropathy at wrist in hypothyroid cases with or without clinical neurodeficit.
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, May 15, 2018
Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is commonest forms of complications observed in type 2 dia... more Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is commonest forms of complications observed in type 2 diabetes patients. Due to variations in clinical and electrophysiological diagnostic criteria for polyneuropathies, prevalence of diabetic neuropathy varies in different studies. We used only (Electro diagnostic) EDX criteria for diagnosis of neuropathies in present study. Aim and Objectives: To estimate prevalence of diabetic neuropathy; viz, mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy and mononeuropathy with coexistent polyneuropathy in population of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional study where total 53 diabetic subjects (30 male, 23 female) in age range 30-60 years were electrophysiologically evaluated for neuropathies during January 2013 to December 2015. Routine and specialized Nerve conduction studies were adopted for evaluation. Data was acquired and stored in Microsoft excel and analyzed using graph pad prism software. Results: Overall prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (DN) was 54.71%. Prevalence of other forms viz. Polyneuropathy only, mononeuropathy only and mononeuropathy with coexistent polyneuropathy are 30.18%, 16.98% and 7.54 % respectively. Median neuropathy at wrist was the only form of mononeuropathy observed in these cases. Severity of mononeuropathy was observed more in diabetes without polyneuropathy cases. Conclusion: Prevalence of different forms of neuropathies observed in present study is similar to previous studies. We observed more severe mononeuropathy in diabetes without polyneuropathy cases. Palm wrist comparison study must be part EDX evaluation in these cases.
West African Journal of Radiology, 2017
Background: Whitening out of half of the lung field on a chest X-ray is known as opacification of... more Background: Whitening out of half of the lung field on a chest X-ray is known as opacification of a hemithorax, and its presence usually indicates a significant disease in a patient. This study was done with an aim of finding different etiologies as the cause of complete opacification of a hemithorax on chest radiograph. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study of patients whose chest radiograph had opaque hemithorax was included and after clinical laboratory and advanced radiological - ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography investigation of these patients the diagnosis responsible for the complete opacification of half the lung field in chest X-ray was recorded. Results: A total of 30 patients (23 males and 7 females) were enrolled for the study. Out of the 30 patients, 17 involved the left while 13 involved the right hemithorax. Fifteen patients had clear pleural effusion, 13 patients had mass with pleural effusion and 2 patients were postpneumonectomy cases. Mediastinal shift to contralateral side was seen in 18 out of 30 patients having opaque hemithorax. Eleven patients have biochemical features of tuberculosis. All 13 patients with mass and effusion were confirmed to have malignancy on histology. USG could detect malignancy in only ten cases. Chest pain was most frequent symptom and smoking or tobacco habit was associated with 14 cases. Conclusion: Plain pleural effusion was the most common etiology of opaque hemithorax in our study followed by mass with effusion. Among other rarer causes, only pneumonectomy was seen. For other rare causes that may present as opaque hemithorax larger study may be done.
The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology, 2016
This is an open access ar cle distributed under the terms of the Crea ve Commons A ribu on-NonCom... more This is an open access ar cle distributed under the terms of the Crea ve Commons A ribu on-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new crea ons are licensed under the iden cal terms.
CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research, 2016
Diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at wrist remains challenging domain for neurophysicians as the clin... more Diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at wrist remains challenging domain for neurophysicians as the clinical picture resembles proximal ulnar neuropathies. Inching across wrist and conduction to first dorsal interosseous remains mainstay of electrodiagnostic (EDX) procedures for distal ulnar neuropathy. Here, we present a case of distal ulnar neuropathy with review of its EDX procedures.
Indian Journal of Otology, 2014
Context: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the most prevalent and preventable occupational dis... more Context: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the most prevalent and preventable occupational disease in developing countries. Manufacturing industry workers and other sector industries with special profession where exposure to noise is inevitable are the victims of NIHL. Pure tone audiometry has widely been used to establish the prevalence of NIHL. Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) offers an objective assessment of the auditory pathway from receptor to cortex. Aims: With paucity of data among stone cutting workers, the present study evaluated this cohort using BERA to assess involvement of the auditory pathway. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods : A total of 31 cases and 30 controls underwent BERA after its selection following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical Methods : Data obtained was compared using unpaired student′s t-test between means of cases and controls. Results: Absolute peak BERA waveform I, III and III latencies on left side and wave I latencies on the right side showed significant prolongation (P < 0.05). Inter-peak latencies I-III, I-V, and III-V differences were non-significant. Mode BERA threshold values were 60 dB and 40 dB for cases and controls respectively. Conclusion: Study concluded with the observations that, workers engaged in stone cutting are at the risk of developing NIHL (mild to moderate) that may affect the peripheral component of the auditory pathway.
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology, 2014
Background and Aim: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in developed countr... more Background and Aim: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in developed countries, especially in adolescent and young adult population. High body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for depression or anxiety disorders. However, there are no clear evidences supporting their association. Therefore in the present study, we intended to determine the relationship between obesity and anxiety level among medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 (117 male and 183 female) medical students after initial screening and BMI determination. The students were assessed using Zung self-rating anxiety scale and to determine the association between BMI and anxiety score. Odds ratio for the distribution of anxiety score among study population was assessed using Fisher exact probability test. Results: Of the 300 students, 288 has normal anxiety score, and only 12 had mild to moderate anxiety score. None of the students had moderate to severe or extreme severe anxiety score. Out of 117 male students, 3 (2.6%) had mild anxiety score and out of 183 female students, 9 (4.9) had mild anxiety score. Odds ratio analysis between gender and anxiety demonstrated odds ratio of 0.51 at 95% confidence interval of 0.1348-1.9195. Conclusion: The association of anxiety score with BMI was found to be significantly high in males, whereas there was no statistically significant association between anxiety score and BMI in females. Thus, results of the present study suggest that males are more prone to anxiety compared to females, especially in subjects with high BMI.
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology, 2014
Background and Aim: Electrodiagnosis of carpel tunnel syndrome (CTS) becomes difficult with routi... more Background and Aim: Electrodiagnosis of carpel tunnel syndrome (CTS) becomes difficult with routine tests when CTS is severe with coexistent polyneuropathy. Diabetes cases often report with symptoms of CTS and peripheral neuropathy. There is lack of literature regarding diagnostic accuracy of electrodiagnostic (EDX) tests, including comparison tests in diabetic patients to diagnose CTS. Therefore, the present study was intended to evaluate and compare the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of comparison tests in diabetics with or without clinical CTS. Methods: The three commonly used median versus ulnar comparison tests viz., palm-wrist mixed comparison (PWMC), digit4-sensory onset latency comparison (D4SOLC) and 2lumbrical-interossie motor latency comparison (2L-IMLC) were used for diagnosis of CTS in these subjects. Fisher's exact test was applied to compare the differences in diagnosis between clinical and different EDX comparison tests. Results: Prevalence of CTS with routine EDX tests and comparison tests was observed as 16% and 24%, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity for PWMC, D4SOLC and 2L-IMLC was 69.23% 76.92%, and 92.31%, respectively. 2L-IMLC was observed as most sensitive and D4SOLC was observed as most specific comparison tests for EDX of CTS in diabetic patients. Conclusion: Prevalence of CTS in diabetic patients increases with use of comparison tests. Hence, along with routine EDX tests, comparison tests may be included as part of EDX tests to evaluate CTS in these patients. 2L-IMLC test should preferably be adopted for screening CTS in diabetics.
s: Introduction: Different variables of Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) show changes to different ex... more s: Introduction: Different variables of Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) show changes to different extent in various pathological states. However, certain physiological factors may affect them too. Aims and objectives: This cross sectional study aimed to evaluate the role of age, gender and BMI upon these variables in the tibial and peroneal nerves. Materials and methods: 51 healthy subjects were chosen according to exclusion and inclusion criteria. Reference limits were derived from the obtained data as Mean±2SD. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Degree of Coefficient of Correlation was graded into low (0.29 ≥ absolute value r ≥ 0.1), moderate (0.49 ≥ absolute value r ≥ 0.3) and substantial (absolute value of r ≥ 0.5). Results: No sex-wise correlation was seen with the NCS Parameters of Tibial and Peroneal Nerves, whereas age showed deteriorating correlation (p value <0.05). Also, no substantial correlation was seen, except between Height and Weight of the subj...
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Background & Objective: Diabetes being a chronic disorder is associated with increased oxidative ... more Background & Objective: Diabetes being a chronic disorder is associated with increased oxidative stress by glucose oxidation and non enzymatic protein glycation. Imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants lead to oxidative stress. Increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) end product of lipid peroxidation have been observed in type II diabetes but results regarding status of enzymatic antioxidants, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Glutathione reductase (GR) are conflicting. Therefore this study was conducted to estimate levels of MDA, GPX & GR and to find the correlation of these to glycaemic control if any in diabetics without complications. Methodology: Type II diabetics (n=40) diagnosed not more than 5 yrs back, without any complications were cases and age & sex matched normal subjects (n=40) were controls in this study. Blood levels of glucose, glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C), MDA and erythrocytic activity of GPX and GR were estimated. Results: Blood MDA level was found to be s...
BACKGROUND: F waves are miniature compound muscle action potential whose role in electrodiagnosis... more BACKGROUND: F waves are miniature compound muscle action potential whose role in electrodiagnosis is well established. Gender and body mass index (BMI) have observed to influence F wave latency in healthy subjects. We aimed to collect reference values of median and ulnar F wave latency in healthy late teenagers and to see influence of sex and BMI on this variable. MATERIAL METHODS: We enrolled 56 healthy late teenagers out of which 49 (24 male and 25 female) were included in study. Mean values for median and ulnar F wave minimum latency were obtained and stratified on the basis of gender and BMI for comparison. RESULTS: Mean and SD values for median and ulnar F wave latency were 25.08±1.8 and 25.16±1.9 respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in gender-wise and BMI-wise groups under study (p value>0.05). Median F wave latency was shorter than ulnar F wave latency and there was no side to side difference in latencies. CONCLUSION: We concluded that F wave ...
Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2013
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electromyography (EMG) are complimentary investigations in d... more Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electromyography (EMG) are complimentary investigations in diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR). With changing pattern of S1 electrodiagnosis by H-reflex study measures, electrophysiological studies were conducted to establish most common electrophysiological predictors of LSR in MRI diagnosed L5S1 neural foramina compression subjects. Fifty subjects, with definite L5S1 neural foramina compression underwent electrophysiological evaluation and the data was analyzed using established electrodiagnostic criteria. Reduced H/M ratio in combination with absent H response was evident in 74 nerves. H-reflex study was abnormal in 88% subjects. Study concluded that, H/M ratio if used with other H-reflex study variables may be most common predictor of LSR.
Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2010
Microcephaly implies a reduced occipito-frontal circumference (< 2 Standard Deviation of norma... more Microcephaly implies a reduced occipito-frontal circumference (< 2 Standard Deviation of normal) and therefore a small brain size, which is usually associated with different neurodeficit. Intactness of the auditory pathway in microcephalic as well as normal children was assessed by Brain stem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) to locate the exact site of lesion resulting in the auditory impairment, so that appropriate early rehabilitative measures can be taken. The study revealed that absolute peak latency of wave V, inter peak latencies of III-V and I-V were significantly higher (P- value < 0.05 in each case) in microcephalics than the normal children. Auditory impairment in microcephaly is a common neurodeficit that can be authentically assessed by BERA. The hearing impairment in microcephalics is mostly due to insufficiency of central components of auditory pathway at the level of brainstem, function of peripheral structures being almost within normal limit.
Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2010
The diagnostic evaluation of chronic low back pain (CLBP) is difficult, as its primary causes are... more The diagnostic evaluation of chronic low back pain (CLBP) is difficult, as its primary causes are multiple. Clinical, radiological and electrophysiological findings are of limited value in diagnosing radiculopathy as the cause of CLBP in early cases. Current study was undertaken on 50 controls and 50 CLBP patients without clinical neurological deficit to evaluate the potential of nerve conduction studies, particularly H-reflex study for diagnosis of radiculopathy in these cases. We observed that routine nerve conductions in CLBP without clinical neurodeficit showed no significant differences; whereas all the H-reflex parameters, H-threshold, H latency, H amplitude and H/M ratio were significantly different when compared with that of control (P value < 0.0001 in each case). We concluded that subclinical cases might not have only partial conduction block but also secondary axonal loss due to compression of nerve roots. We further suggest inclusion of Soleus H-reflex study in evalua...
Introduction: Sural sensory nerve conduction studies and Soleus H-reflex studies are affected ear... more Introduction: Sural sensory nerve conduction studies and Soleus H-reflex studies are affected earliest in systemic illness like diabetes mellitus. Age, sex, height and BMI are associated with nerve conduction study variables. Association of Soleus H-reflex study variables including H wave maximum amplitude and H/M ratio have been rarely explored yet. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the impact of anthropometric measures on sural sensory and soleus H-reflex study variables. Design: A cross sectional study. Material and methods: Fifty healthy participants (47 male and 3 female) with mean age 33.02 years and age range 21-60 years underwent electrophysiological evaluation (sural sensory and soleus H-reflex study). Sural SNAP amplitude, CV, H wave minimum latency, H wave maximum amplitude and H/M ratio values were obtained. Results: Statistically significant correlation (p value 0.05) but fixed trends were observed between anthropometric measures and sural SNAP amplitude or H wave minimu...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study the HRCT temporal bone findings in chronic middle ear infecti... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study the HRCT temporal bone findings in chronic middle ear infections with reference to its extent and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After an initial clinical assessment, 30 patients diagnosed clinically with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) were referred for a HRCT of temporal bone which was done with a Siemens’ 16 slice MDCT scanner. RESULTS: Of the 30 patients, 60% were males and 40% were females. Otorrhoea (100%) is the most common symptom. Scutum was eroded in 23 cases. Malleus (18 cases) is the most commonly eroded among the ossicles. Mastoiditis and mastoid abscess (22%) was the most common complication of CSOM followed by Malleus head erosion (60%). Intracranial complications like abscess, Dural sinus thrombosis (4%), Facial canal Dehiscence (4%) , Tegmen tympani Erosion (2%). Cochlea erosion, Tegmen mastoideum Erosion, Lateral semicircular canal erosion were not observed in any of the cases. Cholesteatoma were observed in 30 cas...
Introduction: - Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a noninvasive technique to measure parasympatheti... more Introduction: - Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a noninvasive technique to measure parasympathetic activities of heart. In this study, we measured the Parasympathetic activity in newly diagnosed patients of moderate depression by High Frequency (HF) parameter of HRV. Depression is the leading cause of mental disability and by the year 2020, depression is projected to reach 2nd place of the ranking of disease disability-adjusted life year (DALY). Objective: Parasympathetic activity in newly diagnosed patients of moderate depression. Method:- this study was planned on 40 newly diagnosed male patients of moderate depression according to ICD-10 (the international classification of diseases-10) taken from department of Psychiatry PGIMS Rohtak and 40 healthy males subjects of same age group. High Frequency (HF) parameter of HRV was recorded by using RMS polyrite machine. Result: - The HF (ms2) component in frequency domain of HRV in patients of moderate depression in group II (166.55±41.4...
BACKGROUND: Intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus in adults are difficult fractures to tr... more BACKGROUND: Intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus in adults are difficult fractures to treat because of their rarity and associated significant comminution. Because of the anatomical difficulties due to congruence of articular surface which are increased by the comminution of the fragments, perfect reduction and immobilization cannot always be obtained. To study the outcome of management of thirty Intercondylar fracture Humerus bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a prospective study of 30 fractures of Intercondylar humerus. In Type1 fracture, plaster & early mobilization was done. Type 2 fractures, in the majority of the cases manipulation and immobilized in an above –the elbow slab in the extension was done. In Few type 2 fracture and most cases of type 3 fractures, fragments were usually be brought into accurate alignment by means of open reduction and internal fixation by K-wire, plate & screw fixation to be considered. In Type 4 fracture (bag of bones) conservative treatm...
National journal of integrated research in medicine, 2013
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, May 15, 2018
Introduction: Nerve conduction studies (NCS) assess neuropathy in thyroid dysfunction. Entrapment... more Introduction: Nerve conduction studies (NCS) assess neuropathy in thyroid dysfunction. Entrapment neuropathies and general sensorimotor polyneuropathies are often diagnosed in these patients. F waves are usually prolonged in generalized and entrapment neuropathies. Hypothyroid patients often present with carpel tunnel syndrome. Objective: To evaluate and compare F wave study variables in hypothyroid patients with normal subjects. To assess neuropathies in hypothyroid patients, by using Fwave study as an independent test. Materials and Methods: 23 hypothyroid and 23 normal participants were selected according to selection criteria underwent F wave study. Variables like F wave minimum, maximum and mean latencies were obtained from control and cases. Data was analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 10.0 version. Unpaired t'test was used to evaluate significant difference between cases and controls if any. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: F wave study variables of 23 (twenty Three) hypothyroid cases were compared with 23 (twenty three) age and sex matched controls. Statistically significant difference (p value < 0.05) were observed between Median motor F wave minimum, maximum and mean latencies of control and cases. No significant difference was observed between Ulnar motor F wave minimum, maximum and mean latencies of control and cases (p value >0.05). Conclusion: Present study concluded that F wave study may be used as an independent electrodiagnostic (EDX) test to assess median neuropathy at wrist in hypothyroid cases with or without clinical neurodeficit.
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, May 15, 2018
Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is commonest forms of complications observed in type 2 dia... more Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is commonest forms of complications observed in type 2 diabetes patients. Due to variations in clinical and electrophysiological diagnostic criteria for polyneuropathies, prevalence of diabetic neuropathy varies in different studies. We used only (Electro diagnostic) EDX criteria for diagnosis of neuropathies in present study. Aim and Objectives: To estimate prevalence of diabetic neuropathy; viz, mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy and mononeuropathy with coexistent polyneuropathy in population of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional study where total 53 diabetic subjects (30 male, 23 female) in age range 30-60 years were electrophysiologically evaluated for neuropathies during January 2013 to December 2015. Routine and specialized Nerve conduction studies were adopted for evaluation. Data was acquired and stored in Microsoft excel and analyzed using graph pad prism software. Results: Overall prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (DN) was 54.71%. Prevalence of other forms viz. Polyneuropathy only, mononeuropathy only and mononeuropathy with coexistent polyneuropathy are 30.18%, 16.98% and 7.54 % respectively. Median neuropathy at wrist was the only form of mononeuropathy observed in these cases. Severity of mononeuropathy was observed more in diabetes without polyneuropathy cases. Conclusion: Prevalence of different forms of neuropathies observed in present study is similar to previous studies. We observed more severe mononeuropathy in diabetes without polyneuropathy cases. Palm wrist comparison study must be part EDX evaluation in these cases.
West African Journal of Radiology, 2017
Background: Whitening out of half of the lung field on a chest X-ray is known as opacification of... more Background: Whitening out of half of the lung field on a chest X-ray is known as opacification of a hemithorax, and its presence usually indicates a significant disease in a patient. This study was done with an aim of finding different etiologies as the cause of complete opacification of a hemithorax on chest radiograph. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study of patients whose chest radiograph had opaque hemithorax was included and after clinical laboratory and advanced radiological - ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography investigation of these patients the diagnosis responsible for the complete opacification of half the lung field in chest X-ray was recorded. Results: A total of 30 patients (23 males and 7 females) were enrolled for the study. Out of the 30 patients, 17 involved the left while 13 involved the right hemithorax. Fifteen patients had clear pleural effusion, 13 patients had mass with pleural effusion and 2 patients were postpneumonectomy cases. Mediastinal shift to contralateral side was seen in 18 out of 30 patients having opaque hemithorax. Eleven patients have biochemical features of tuberculosis. All 13 patients with mass and effusion were confirmed to have malignancy on histology. USG could detect malignancy in only ten cases. Chest pain was most frequent symptom and smoking or tobacco habit was associated with 14 cases. Conclusion: Plain pleural effusion was the most common etiology of opaque hemithorax in our study followed by mass with effusion. Among other rarer causes, only pneumonectomy was seen. For other rare causes that may present as opaque hemithorax larger study may be done.
The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology, 2016
This is an open access ar cle distributed under the terms of the Crea ve Commons A ribu on-NonCom... more This is an open access ar cle distributed under the terms of the Crea ve Commons A ribu on-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new crea ons are licensed under the iden cal terms.
CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research, 2016
Diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at wrist remains challenging domain for neurophysicians as the clin... more Diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at wrist remains challenging domain for neurophysicians as the clinical picture resembles proximal ulnar neuropathies. Inching across wrist and conduction to first dorsal interosseous remains mainstay of electrodiagnostic (EDX) procedures for distal ulnar neuropathy. Here, we present a case of distal ulnar neuropathy with review of its EDX procedures.
Indian Journal of Otology, 2014
Context: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the most prevalent and preventable occupational dis... more Context: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the most prevalent and preventable occupational disease in developing countries. Manufacturing industry workers and other sector industries with special profession where exposure to noise is inevitable are the victims of NIHL. Pure tone audiometry has widely been used to establish the prevalence of NIHL. Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) offers an objective assessment of the auditory pathway from receptor to cortex. Aims: With paucity of data among stone cutting workers, the present study evaluated this cohort using BERA to assess involvement of the auditory pathway. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods : A total of 31 cases and 30 controls underwent BERA after its selection following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical Methods : Data obtained was compared using unpaired student′s t-test between means of cases and controls. Results: Absolute peak BERA waveform I, III and III latencies on left side and wave I latencies on the right side showed significant prolongation (P < 0.05). Inter-peak latencies I-III, I-V, and III-V differences were non-significant. Mode BERA threshold values were 60 dB and 40 dB for cases and controls respectively. Conclusion: Study concluded with the observations that, workers engaged in stone cutting are at the risk of developing NIHL (mild to moderate) that may affect the peripheral component of the auditory pathway.
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology, 2014
Background and Aim: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in developed countr... more Background and Aim: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in developed countries, especially in adolescent and young adult population. High body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for depression or anxiety disorders. However, there are no clear evidences supporting their association. Therefore in the present study, we intended to determine the relationship between obesity and anxiety level among medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 (117 male and 183 female) medical students after initial screening and BMI determination. The students were assessed using Zung self-rating anxiety scale and to determine the association between BMI and anxiety score. Odds ratio for the distribution of anxiety score among study population was assessed using Fisher exact probability test. Results: Of the 300 students, 288 has normal anxiety score, and only 12 had mild to moderate anxiety score. None of the students had moderate to severe or extreme severe anxiety score. Out of 117 male students, 3 (2.6%) had mild anxiety score and out of 183 female students, 9 (4.9) had mild anxiety score. Odds ratio analysis between gender and anxiety demonstrated odds ratio of 0.51 at 95% confidence interval of 0.1348-1.9195. Conclusion: The association of anxiety score with BMI was found to be significantly high in males, whereas there was no statistically significant association between anxiety score and BMI in females. Thus, results of the present study suggest that males are more prone to anxiety compared to females, especially in subjects with high BMI.
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology, 2014
Background and Aim: Electrodiagnosis of carpel tunnel syndrome (CTS) becomes difficult with routi... more Background and Aim: Electrodiagnosis of carpel tunnel syndrome (CTS) becomes difficult with routine tests when CTS is severe with coexistent polyneuropathy. Diabetes cases often report with symptoms of CTS and peripheral neuropathy. There is lack of literature regarding diagnostic accuracy of electrodiagnostic (EDX) tests, including comparison tests in diabetic patients to diagnose CTS. Therefore, the present study was intended to evaluate and compare the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of comparison tests in diabetics with or without clinical CTS. Methods: The three commonly used median versus ulnar comparison tests viz., palm-wrist mixed comparison (PWMC), digit4-sensory onset latency comparison (D4SOLC) and 2lumbrical-interossie motor latency comparison (2L-IMLC) were used for diagnosis of CTS in these subjects. Fisher's exact test was applied to compare the differences in diagnosis between clinical and different EDX comparison tests. Results: Prevalence of CTS with routine EDX tests and comparison tests was observed as 16% and 24%, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity for PWMC, D4SOLC and 2L-IMLC was 69.23% 76.92%, and 92.31%, respectively. 2L-IMLC was observed as most sensitive and D4SOLC was observed as most specific comparison tests for EDX of CTS in diabetic patients. Conclusion: Prevalence of CTS in diabetic patients increases with use of comparison tests. Hence, along with routine EDX tests, comparison tests may be included as part of EDX tests to evaluate CTS in these patients. 2L-IMLC test should preferably be adopted for screening CTS in diabetics.
s: Introduction: Different variables of Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) show changes to different ex... more s: Introduction: Different variables of Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) show changes to different extent in various pathological states. However, certain physiological factors may affect them too. Aims and objectives: This cross sectional study aimed to evaluate the role of age, gender and BMI upon these variables in the tibial and peroneal nerves. Materials and methods: 51 healthy subjects were chosen according to exclusion and inclusion criteria. Reference limits were derived from the obtained data as Mean±2SD. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Degree of Coefficient of Correlation was graded into low (0.29 ≥ absolute value r ≥ 0.1), moderate (0.49 ≥ absolute value r ≥ 0.3) and substantial (absolute value of r ≥ 0.5). Results: No sex-wise correlation was seen with the NCS Parameters of Tibial and Peroneal Nerves, whereas age showed deteriorating correlation (p value <0.05). Also, no substantial correlation was seen, except between Height and Weight of the subj...
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology