Jan Balewski - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jan Balewski

Research paper thumbnail of Asynchronous I/O Strategy for Large-Scale Deep Learning Applications

2021 IEEE 28th International Conference on High Performance Computing, Data, and Analytics (HiPC), 2021

Recently, many scientific applications adopt deep learning methods to solve their classification ... more Recently, many scientific applications adopt deep learning methods to solve their classification or regression problems. However, for data-intensive scientific applications, I/O performance can be the major performance bottleneck. In order to effectively solve important real-world problems using deep learning methods on High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems, it is essential to address the poor I/O performance issue in parallel neural network training. In this paper, we propose an asynchronous I/O strategy that can be generally applied to deep learning applications. Our I/O strategy employs an I/O-dedicated thread per process, that performs I/O operations independently of the training progress. The I/O thread reads many training samples at once to reduce the total number of I/O operations per epoch. Given the fixed amount of training data, the fewer the I/O operations per epoch, the shorter the overall I/O time. The I/O operations are also overlapped with the computations using the double-buffering method. We evaluate our I/O strategy using two real-world scientific applications, CosmoFlow and Neuron-Inverter. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed I/O strategy significantly improves the scaling performance without affecting the regression performance.

Research paper thumbnail of Atmospheric Blocking Pattern Recognition in Global Climate Model Simulation Data

2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 2021

❏ ERA-Interim reanalysis of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting, and binary ... more ❏ ERA-Interim reanalysis of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting, and binary masks (i.e., AB or non-AB labels) are provided by the Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science at the ETH Zurich, Switzerland. ❏ We use temperature, meridional and zonal wind speed, geopotential height, and potential vorticity variables at eight pressure levels (150-500 millibars), 6-hourly at approx. 80 km spatial resolution in the period 1979-2018. ❏ Each geographic region of interest is roughly centered over a local maximum of blocking frequency and has a size of 60 px x 120 px x 40 channels.

Research paper thumbnail of Testing Charge Exchange Scattering as a Possible RHIC Polarimeter

Research paper thumbnail of The physics research program at COSY-Juelich

Research paper thumbnail of Measurement of Sivers Asymmetry for Di-jets at STAR in Polarized p + p Collisions at 200 GeV

15th International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects DIS 2007, 2007

STAR Collaboration is reporting measurement of transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA) for di-jet... more STAR Collaboration is reporting measurement of transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA) for di-jet produced in collisions of transversely polarized protons at RHIC at √ s = 200 GeV. The measurement probes (Sivers) correlations between the transverse spin orientation of a proton and the transverse momentum directions of its partons. Measured TSSA are consistent with zero. It agrees with recent calculations basedon on non-zero HERMES results from DIS folded with contrabalancing ISI and FSI required to restore time reversal invariance, violated by postulated Sivers mechanism in p+p. With both beams polarized, the wide pseudorapidity (−1 ≤ η ≤ +2) coverage for jets permits separation of Sivers functions for the quark and gluon dominated kinematic regime.

Research paper thumbnail of Measurements of inclusive hadron and jet longitudinal double-spin asymmetries in polarized p+p collisions at s = 200 GeV at RHIC

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2009

Measurements of the gluon polarization are a fundamental piece of the experimental program that a... more Measurements of the gluon polarization are a fundamental piece of the experimental program that aims to form a deeper understanding of the origin of the proton spin. The STAR experiment at RHIC measured the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A{sub LL} for inclusive charged and neutral pions and inclusive jet production. A recent global analysis of polarized DIS data and RHIC spin data disfavors extreme gluon polarization scenarios.

Research paper thumbnail of Observation of a large longitudinal analyzing power in a nuclear reaction

Physics Letters B, 2000

We have measured the longitudinal analyzing power A of the pp ™ppp 0 reaction at 375 MeV bombardi... more We have measured the longitudinal analyzing power A of the pp ™ppp 0 reaction at 375 MeV bombarding energy. We z find that for certain angle combinations of the outgoing particles the observed A is as large as 0.3, demonstrating that z sizeable longitudinal analyzing powers in reactions with multi-particle final states are possible. This result has implications for pp parity violation experiments above the pion threshold. The observed A is dominated by the interference between s z and p wave pions in conjunction with nucleon-nucleon P waves in the final state.

Research paper thumbnail of The STAR W spin physics program in 2009 and beyond

Proceedings of the XVII International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Topics, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Simulation-aided optimization of detector design using portable representation of 3D objects

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Future proton-proton program at RHIC

Proceedings of the XVI International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Topics, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Recent STAR results on W boson production in polarized p + p Collisions at s = 500 GeV

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2012

ABSTRACT The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Labora... more ABSTRACT The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory is providing fundamental measurements of the spin structure and dynamics of the proton. The STAR experiment has collected W-boson events from collisions of longitudinally polarized protons at s = 500 GeV in 2009 and 2011. In the standard model leadingorder W+/- production proceeds through u+d --> W+ and d+u -->W- These interactions are ideal tools to study the spin-flavor structure of the proton, because the spin-dependent W production cross section Δσ = σ(-->pp)-σ(<--pp) depends strongly on the polarization of the quark and anti-quark in the proton, with -->p (<--p) representing a proton with its spin aligned with (against) its momentum direction. The STAR Electromagnetic Calorimeter triggered on electrons/positrons from the weak decay of the W boson and provided information about energy of the lepton, while the STAR Time Projection Chamber allowed reconstruction of the lepton track and its charge sign. QCD physics background was suppressed by isolation cuts around a candidate lepton track as well as vetoing on transverse energy opposite in azimuth. We present results of the cross section and of the single-spin asymmetry, AL = Δσ/(-->pp)+σ(pp)), for mid-rapidity charge separated W+ and W- production from 2009 data set and a progress report on the 2011 set.

Research paper thumbnail of Spin parameters at 375 and 400 MeV with neutron and proton detection in pparrow pnpi^+

Analyzing powers Ay and spin-dependent total cross section ratios Deltasigma_T/sigma_tot and Delt... more Analyzing powers Ay and spin-dependent total cross section ratios Deltasigma_T/sigma_tot and Deltasigma_L/sigma_tot have been measured for pparrow pnpi^+ at the IUCF cooler ring with a polarized internal target at beam energies of 375 and 400 MeV. To eliminate monitoring errors the target polarization was switched rapidly between left, right (±x), up, down (±y) and along, opposite (±z) to the beam direction. The vertical and longitudinal components of the beam polarization at the target were about equal and were also switched. Reaction protons were detected for angles theta_lab > 6^circ by a system of wire-chambers and plastic scintillators. Reaction neutrons in coincidence with protons were detected in a large area hodoscope with an energy resolution of 20%. This arrangement permitted near complete sampling of all outgoing pion momenta. Analyzing powers and the spin-dependent total cross section ratios for this reaction are large and will be presented. Corrections for nonuniform...

Research paper thumbnail of Strange antiparticle-to-particle ratios at mid-rapidity in =130 GeV Au+Au collisions

Physics Letters B, 2003

Values of the ratios in the mid-rapidity yields of Λ/Λ = 0.71 ± 0.01(stat.) ± 0.04(sys.), Ξ + /Ξ ... more Values of the ratios in the mid-rapidity yields of Λ/Λ = 0.71 ± 0.01(stat.) ± 0.04(sys.), Ξ + /Ξ − = 0.83 ± 0.04(stat.) ± 0.05(sys.), Ω + /Ω − = 0.95 ± 0.15(stat.) ± 0.05(sys.) and K + /K − = 1.092 ± 0.023(combined) were obtained in central √ s NN = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions using the STAR detector. The ratios indicate that a fraction of the net-baryon number from the initial system is present in the excess of hyperons over anti-hyperons at mid-rapidity. The trend in the progression of the baryon ratios, with increasing strange quark content, is similar to that observed in heavy-ion collisions at lower energies. The value of these ratios may be related to the charged kaon ratio in the framework of simple quark-counting and thermal models.

Research paper thumbnail of Total cross section of the reaction pp→pK+Λ close to threshold

Physics Letters B, 1998

The energy dependence of the total cross section for the pp −→ pK + Λ reaction was measured in th... more The energy dependence of the total cross section for the pp −→ pK + Λ reaction was measured in the threshold region covering the excess energy range up to 7 MeV. Existing model calculations describe the slope of the measured cross sections well, but are too low by a factor of two to three in rate. The data were used for a precise determination of the beam momentum of the COSY-synchrotron.

Research paper thumbnail of Kaon production and kaon to pion ratio in Au + Au collisions at sNN=130 GeV

Research paper thumbnail of Azimuthally Sensitive Hanbury Brown–Twiss Interferometry inAu+AuCollisions atsNN=200  GeV

Physical Review Letters, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Incident energy dependence ofptcorrelations at relativistic energies

Research paper thumbnail of Photon and neutral pion production inAu+Aucollisions atsNN=130GeV

Physical Review C, 2004

We report inclusive photon measurements about midrapidity ([y[ < 0.5) from 197 Au + 197 Au collis... more We report inclusive photon measurements about midrapidity ([y[ < 0.5) from 197 Au + 197 Au collisions at s NN = 130 GeV at RHIC. Photon pair conversions were reconstructed from electron and positron tracks mea sured with the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) of the STAR experiment. With this method, an energy reso lution of ME / E = 2% at 0.5 GeV has been achieved. Reconstructed photons have also been used to measure the transverse momentum (p t) spectra of 7 0 mesons about midrapidity ([y[ < 1) via the 7 0yy decay channel. The fractional contribution of the 7 0yy decay to the inclusive photon spectrum decreases by 20 % ± 5% between p t = 1.65 GeV / c and p t = 2.4 GeV / c in the most central events, indicating that relative to 7 0yy decay the contribution of other photon sources is substantially increasing.

Research paper thumbnail of Rapidity and centrality dependence of proton and antiproton production fromAu197+Au197collisions atSNN=130GeV

Physical Review C, 2004

We report on the rapidity and centrality dependence of proton and antiproton transverse mass dist... more We report on the rapidity and centrality dependence of proton and antiproton transverse mass distributions from 197 Au+ 197 Au collisions at ͱ s NN = 130 GeV as measured by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Our results are from the rapidity and transverse momentum range of ͉y͉ Ͻ 0.5 and 0.35Ͻ p t Ͻ 1.00 GeV/ c. For both protons and antiprotons, transverse mass distributions become more convex from peripheral to central collisions demonstrating characteristics of collective expansion. The measured rapidity distributions and the mean transverse momenta versus rapidity are flat within ͉y͉ Ͻ 0.5. Comparisons of our data with results from model calculations indicate that in order to obtain a consistent picture of the proton (antiproton) yields and transverse mass distributions the possibility of prehadronic collective expansion may have to be taken into account.

Research paper thumbnail of Complete set of polarization observables inp→p→→ppπ0close to threshold

Research paper thumbnail of Asynchronous I/O Strategy for Large-Scale Deep Learning Applications

2021 IEEE 28th International Conference on High Performance Computing, Data, and Analytics (HiPC), 2021

Recently, many scientific applications adopt deep learning methods to solve their classification ... more Recently, many scientific applications adopt deep learning methods to solve their classification or regression problems. However, for data-intensive scientific applications, I/O performance can be the major performance bottleneck. In order to effectively solve important real-world problems using deep learning methods on High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems, it is essential to address the poor I/O performance issue in parallel neural network training. In this paper, we propose an asynchronous I/O strategy that can be generally applied to deep learning applications. Our I/O strategy employs an I/O-dedicated thread per process, that performs I/O operations independently of the training progress. The I/O thread reads many training samples at once to reduce the total number of I/O operations per epoch. Given the fixed amount of training data, the fewer the I/O operations per epoch, the shorter the overall I/O time. The I/O operations are also overlapped with the computations using the double-buffering method. We evaluate our I/O strategy using two real-world scientific applications, CosmoFlow and Neuron-Inverter. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed I/O strategy significantly improves the scaling performance without affecting the regression performance.

Research paper thumbnail of Atmospheric Blocking Pattern Recognition in Global Climate Model Simulation Data

2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 2021

❏ ERA-Interim reanalysis of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting, and binary ... more ❏ ERA-Interim reanalysis of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting, and binary masks (i.e., AB or non-AB labels) are provided by the Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science at the ETH Zurich, Switzerland. ❏ We use temperature, meridional and zonal wind speed, geopotential height, and potential vorticity variables at eight pressure levels (150-500 millibars), 6-hourly at approx. 80 km spatial resolution in the period 1979-2018. ❏ Each geographic region of interest is roughly centered over a local maximum of blocking frequency and has a size of 60 px x 120 px x 40 channels.

Research paper thumbnail of Testing Charge Exchange Scattering as a Possible RHIC Polarimeter

Research paper thumbnail of The physics research program at COSY-Juelich

Research paper thumbnail of Measurement of Sivers Asymmetry for Di-jets at STAR in Polarized p + p Collisions at 200 GeV

15th International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects DIS 2007, 2007

STAR Collaboration is reporting measurement of transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA) for di-jet... more STAR Collaboration is reporting measurement of transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA) for di-jet produced in collisions of transversely polarized protons at RHIC at √ s = 200 GeV. The measurement probes (Sivers) correlations between the transverse spin orientation of a proton and the transverse momentum directions of its partons. Measured TSSA are consistent with zero. It agrees with recent calculations basedon on non-zero HERMES results from DIS folded with contrabalancing ISI and FSI required to restore time reversal invariance, violated by postulated Sivers mechanism in p+p. With both beams polarized, the wide pseudorapidity (−1 ≤ η ≤ +2) coverage for jets permits separation of Sivers functions for the quark and gluon dominated kinematic regime.

Research paper thumbnail of Measurements of inclusive hadron and jet longitudinal double-spin asymmetries in polarized p+p collisions at s = 200 GeV at RHIC

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2009

Measurements of the gluon polarization are a fundamental piece of the experimental program that a... more Measurements of the gluon polarization are a fundamental piece of the experimental program that aims to form a deeper understanding of the origin of the proton spin. The STAR experiment at RHIC measured the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A{sub LL} for inclusive charged and neutral pions and inclusive jet production. A recent global analysis of polarized DIS data and RHIC spin data disfavors extreme gluon polarization scenarios.

Research paper thumbnail of Observation of a large longitudinal analyzing power in a nuclear reaction

Physics Letters B, 2000

We have measured the longitudinal analyzing power A of the pp ™ppp 0 reaction at 375 MeV bombardi... more We have measured the longitudinal analyzing power A of the pp ™ppp 0 reaction at 375 MeV bombarding energy. We z find that for certain angle combinations of the outgoing particles the observed A is as large as 0.3, demonstrating that z sizeable longitudinal analyzing powers in reactions with multi-particle final states are possible. This result has implications for pp parity violation experiments above the pion threshold. The observed A is dominated by the interference between s z and p wave pions in conjunction with nucleon-nucleon P waves in the final state.

Research paper thumbnail of The STAR W spin physics program in 2009 and beyond

Proceedings of the XVII International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Topics, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Simulation-aided optimization of detector design using portable representation of 3D objects

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Future proton-proton program at RHIC

Proceedings of the XVI International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Topics, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Recent STAR results on W boson production in polarized p + p Collisions at s = 500 GeV

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2012

ABSTRACT The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Labora... more ABSTRACT The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory is providing fundamental measurements of the spin structure and dynamics of the proton. The STAR experiment has collected W-boson events from collisions of longitudinally polarized protons at s = 500 GeV in 2009 and 2011. In the standard model leadingorder W+/- production proceeds through u+d --&gt; W+ and d+u --&gt;W- These interactions are ideal tools to study the spin-flavor structure of the proton, because the spin-dependent W production cross section Δσ = σ(--&gt;pp)-σ(&lt;--pp) depends strongly on the polarization of the quark and anti-quark in the proton, with --&gt;p (&lt;--p) representing a proton with its spin aligned with (against) its momentum direction. The STAR Electromagnetic Calorimeter triggered on electrons/positrons from the weak decay of the W boson and provided information about energy of the lepton, while the STAR Time Projection Chamber allowed reconstruction of the lepton track and its charge sign. QCD physics background was suppressed by isolation cuts around a candidate lepton track as well as vetoing on transverse energy opposite in azimuth. We present results of the cross section and of the single-spin asymmetry, AL = Δσ/(--&gt;pp)+σ(pp)), for mid-rapidity charge separated W+ and W- production from 2009 data set and a progress report on the 2011 set.

Research paper thumbnail of Spin parameters at 375 and 400 MeV with neutron and proton detection in pparrow pnpi^+

Analyzing powers Ay and spin-dependent total cross section ratios Deltasigma_T/sigma_tot and Delt... more Analyzing powers Ay and spin-dependent total cross section ratios Deltasigma_T/sigma_tot and Deltasigma_L/sigma_tot have been measured for pparrow pnpi^+ at the IUCF cooler ring with a polarized internal target at beam energies of 375 and 400 MeV. To eliminate monitoring errors the target polarization was switched rapidly between left, right (±x), up, down (±y) and along, opposite (±z) to the beam direction. The vertical and longitudinal components of the beam polarization at the target were about equal and were also switched. Reaction protons were detected for angles theta_lab > 6^circ by a system of wire-chambers and plastic scintillators. Reaction neutrons in coincidence with protons were detected in a large area hodoscope with an energy resolution of 20%. This arrangement permitted near complete sampling of all outgoing pion momenta. Analyzing powers and the spin-dependent total cross section ratios for this reaction are large and will be presented. Corrections for nonuniform...

Research paper thumbnail of Strange antiparticle-to-particle ratios at mid-rapidity in =130 GeV Au+Au collisions

Physics Letters B, 2003

Values of the ratios in the mid-rapidity yields of Λ/Λ = 0.71 ± 0.01(stat.) ± 0.04(sys.), Ξ + /Ξ ... more Values of the ratios in the mid-rapidity yields of Λ/Λ = 0.71 ± 0.01(stat.) ± 0.04(sys.), Ξ + /Ξ − = 0.83 ± 0.04(stat.) ± 0.05(sys.), Ω + /Ω − = 0.95 ± 0.15(stat.) ± 0.05(sys.) and K + /K − = 1.092 ± 0.023(combined) were obtained in central √ s NN = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions using the STAR detector. The ratios indicate that a fraction of the net-baryon number from the initial system is present in the excess of hyperons over anti-hyperons at mid-rapidity. The trend in the progression of the baryon ratios, with increasing strange quark content, is similar to that observed in heavy-ion collisions at lower energies. The value of these ratios may be related to the charged kaon ratio in the framework of simple quark-counting and thermal models.

Research paper thumbnail of Total cross section of the reaction pp→pK+Λ close to threshold

Physics Letters B, 1998

The energy dependence of the total cross section for the pp −→ pK + Λ reaction was measured in th... more The energy dependence of the total cross section for the pp −→ pK + Λ reaction was measured in the threshold region covering the excess energy range up to 7 MeV. Existing model calculations describe the slope of the measured cross sections well, but are too low by a factor of two to three in rate. The data were used for a precise determination of the beam momentum of the COSY-synchrotron.

Research paper thumbnail of Kaon production and kaon to pion ratio in Au + Au collisions at sNN=130 GeV

Research paper thumbnail of Azimuthally Sensitive Hanbury Brown–Twiss Interferometry inAu+AuCollisions atsNN=200  GeV

Physical Review Letters, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Incident energy dependence ofptcorrelations at relativistic energies

Research paper thumbnail of Photon and neutral pion production inAu+Aucollisions atsNN=130GeV

Physical Review C, 2004

We report inclusive photon measurements about midrapidity ([y[ < 0.5) from 197 Au + 197 Au collis... more We report inclusive photon measurements about midrapidity ([y[ < 0.5) from 197 Au + 197 Au collisions at s NN = 130 GeV at RHIC. Photon pair conversions were reconstructed from electron and positron tracks mea sured with the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) of the STAR experiment. With this method, an energy reso lution of ME / E = 2% at 0.5 GeV has been achieved. Reconstructed photons have also been used to measure the transverse momentum (p t) spectra of 7 0 mesons about midrapidity ([y[ < 1) via the 7 0yy decay channel. The fractional contribution of the 7 0yy decay to the inclusive photon spectrum decreases by 20 % ± 5% between p t = 1.65 GeV / c and p t = 2.4 GeV / c in the most central events, indicating that relative to 7 0yy decay the contribution of other photon sources is substantially increasing.

Research paper thumbnail of Rapidity and centrality dependence of proton and antiproton production fromAu197+Au197collisions atSNN=130GeV

Physical Review C, 2004

We report on the rapidity and centrality dependence of proton and antiproton transverse mass dist... more We report on the rapidity and centrality dependence of proton and antiproton transverse mass distributions from 197 Au+ 197 Au collisions at ͱ s NN = 130 GeV as measured by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Our results are from the rapidity and transverse momentum range of ͉y͉ Ͻ 0.5 and 0.35Ͻ p t Ͻ 1.00 GeV/ c. For both protons and antiprotons, transverse mass distributions become more convex from peripheral to central collisions demonstrating characteristics of collective expansion. The measured rapidity distributions and the mean transverse momenta versus rapidity are flat within ͉y͉ Ͻ 0.5. Comparisons of our data with results from model calculations indicate that in order to obtain a consistent picture of the proton (antiproton) yields and transverse mass distributions the possibility of prehadronic collective expansion may have to be taken into account.

Research paper thumbnail of Complete set of polarization observables inp→p→→ppπ0close to threshold