Baloua Nebie - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Baloua Nebie
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Feb 11, 2020
Genes
Assessing the genetic diversity and population structure of cultivated sorghum is important for h... more Assessing the genetic diversity and population structure of cultivated sorghum is important for heterotic grouping, breeding population development, marker-assisted cultivar development, and release. The objectives of the present study were to assess the genetic diversity and deduce the population structure of 200 sorghum accessions using diversity arrays technology (DArT)-derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.10 to 0.50 with an average of 0.32, while the average observed heterozygosity (0.15) was relatively low, which is a typical value for autogamous crops species like sorghum. Moderate polymorphic information content (PIC) values were identified with a mean of 0.26, which indicates the informativeness of the chosen SNP markers. The population structure and cluster analyses revealed four main clusters with a high level of genetic diversity among the accessions studied. The variation within populations (41.5%) was sig...
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2018
Key message Major A 1 cytoplasm fertility restoration loci, Rf 2 and Rf 5 , were found in the Wes... more Key message Major A 1 cytoplasm fertility restoration loci, Rf 2 and Rf 5 , were found in the West African sorghum. A potential causative mutation for Rf 2 was identified. KASP markers were validated on independent material. Abstract To accelerate the identification and development of hybrid parental lines in West African (WA) sorghum, this study aimed to understand the genetics underlying the fertility restoration (Rf) in WA A 1 cytoplasmic male sterility system and to develop markers for a routine use in WA breeding programs. We genotyped by sequencing three F 2 populations to map the Rf quantitative trait loci (QTL), validated the molecular KASP markers developed from those QTL in two F 2:3 populations, and assessed the most promising markers on a set of 95 R-and B-lines from WA breeding programs. Seven QTL were found across the three F 2 populations. On chromosome SBI-05, we found a major fertility restorer locus (Rf 5) for two populations with the same male parent, explaining 19 and 14% of the phenotypic variation in either population. Minor QTL were detected in these two populations on chromosomes SBI-02, SBI-03, SBI-04 and SBI-10. In the third population, we identified one major fertility restorer locus on chromosome SBI-02, Rf 2 , explaining 31% of the phenotypic variation. Pentatricopeptide repeat genes in the Rf 2 QTL region were sequenced, and we detected in Sobic.002G057050 a missense mutation in the first exon, explaining 81% of the phenotypic variation in a F 2:3 population and clearly separating B-from R-lines. The KASP marker developed from this mutation stands as a promising tool for routine use in WA breeding programs. Abbreviations CMS Cytoplasmic male sterility CTAB Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid GBS Genotyping by sequencing ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics IER Institut d'Economie Rurale KASP Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction ORF Open reading frame PCR Polymerase chain reaction PPR Pentatricopeptide repeat QTL Quantitative trait loci Rf Fertility restoration locus/gene SNP Single nucleotide polymorphism WA West Africa Communicated by Hai-Chun Jing.
Journal of Crop Improvement, 2018
Many efforts have been made to improve sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties, but adopt... more Many efforts have been made to improve sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties, but adoption of improved varieties remains low. Sorghum has diverse panicle architecture and grain qualities that vary within and between races, and utilization and adoption may depend on these traits. Recent efforts in West Africa to improve local guinea race germplasm as a base material have diversified potential options: there are breeding materials with a range of panicle types with increased grain number per panicle and a range of droopiness, as well as laxness and threshability. This study was designed to expand our understanding about sorghum grain and panicle traits that are important for farmers in the Sudan savanna zone of Mali. We combined a sorghum panicle sorting activity with qualitative interviews in Mande and Dioïla to understand farmers' knowledge and preferences about sorghum characteristics. A total of 20 panicle sorting activities and 20 interviews were conducted with men and women sorghum producers. Based on their roles and responsibilities in sorghum production and processing, farmers associated specific panicle types, plant types, and grain traits with aspects of pest control, threshability, storage duration, and yield. Farmers preferred open panicles and droopy architecture for disease and pest control; hard grains for storage and appropriate ratios of flour and grits; high density of grain on the panicle for yield; and specific glume qualities for threshability. Breeding programs need to consider these regional preferences and gender roles to develop appropriate material and increase adoption of productive varieties.
The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is a non-profit, n... more The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is a non-profit, nonpolitical organization that does innovative agricultural research and capacity building for sustainable development with a wide array of partners across the globe. ICRISAT's mission is to help empower 644 million poor people to overcome hunger, poverty and a degraded environment in the dry tropics through better agriculture. ICRISAT belongs to the Alliance of Future Harvest Centers of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).
Crop Science, 2017
Many farmers in West and Central Africa (WCA) prefer tall (>3 m) grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolo... more Many farmers in West and Central Africa (WCA) prefer tall (>3 m) grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] for various reasons. This study seeks to determine (i) what yield superiority newly bred, tall, photoperiod‐sensitive guinea‐race sorghum hybrids can provide relative to an adapted landrace variety across a wide range of productivity conditions, and (ii) the risk of these hybrids failing to provide yield superiority for individual farmers. Seven hybrids, one local check, and eight pure‐line progenies were evaluated in 37 farmer‐managed, on‐farm yield trials across three Malian zones and 3 yr. Environments were classified into four productivity groups (low [0.78–1.10 Mg ha−1], mid‐low [1.10–1.50 Mg ha−1], mid‐high [1.50–2.00 Mg ha−1] and high [2.00–2.65 Mg ha−1]) based on their trial mean grain yield. Mean yields of the seven tall hybrids were 3 to 17% (ranging from 0.06 to 0.28 Mg ha−1) higher than that of the local check across all environments and were highest (14–47%) a...
Sorghum plays an important role in the diets and economies of population in Mali and Nigeria, the... more Sorghum plays an important role in the diets and economies of population in Mali and Nigeria, the two target countries of the project. In these countries, dietary induced micronutrient malnutrition is a major concern. Statistics from e-HEALTH Nigeria indicated that; 1 out of every 5 children are severely malnourished, 29% of all preschool age children are vitamin A deficient (VAD) and 2 in every 3 pregnant women are anaemic / Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA. The average per capita annual sorghum consumption in major sorghum growing areas, is more than 75 kg, contributing to more than 50% of the dietary micronutrient requirements, particularly in the northern states of Nigeria and among the low-income population groups. In Mali, 80% to 90% of production is directly consumed by semi-subsistence farmers never reaching a market. The rate of anemia in West and Central Africa (WCA) region is exceedingly high, especially for young children and pregnant women. Therefore, any improvement in grain Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) concentration in sorghum, directly benefits the poor who depend mainly on agriculture.
The climatic changes and the irregularity of the seasons of rain involved the adoption by the far... more The climatic changes and the irregularity of the seasons of rain involved the adoption by the farmers of the varieties more plastic and adapted in their zone of culture that the improved varieties. In the objective to measure the response of the ecotypes to photoperiodism, a study of the sensitivity of 120 ecotypes of sorghum of Burkina Faso to the photoperiod was made using a test comprising two dates of sowing. These ecotypes come from the germplasm of the University of Ouagadougou, made up between 1984 and 1986 within the framework of the safeguarding of the diversity of the sorghum. It comes out from this study that all the studied ecotypes are photoperiodic and systematically reduce their cycle at the time of a delay the semi one. Also let us note that 46 % of the ecotypes showed a sensitivity moderate to the photoperiod (0<K≤0,3), 38% a relatively significant sensitivity (0,3<K≤0,6) and 16 % a strong sensitivity (0,6 < K≤0,9). The flowering of the ecotypes occurred in the 25 days which preceded the average date by end of the rain season and floral initiation started and finished during the time to which the day is shorter than the night. We retain as this study as at the time of a delay of 3 weeks sowing the ecotypes lose 10 to 96% their seeds with an average of 66%.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 28, 2022
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), grown in semiarid areas of Africa and Asia, is food source for million... more Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), grown in semiarid areas of Africa and Asia, is food source for millions of people. This crop is subject to several constraints, including Striga hermonthica, the most common parasitic plant in sorghum fields in the Sahelian and Sudanian zone. Striga causes significant damage to this crop. To control this pest, a study entitled "Evaluation of West African sorghum varieties for resistance to striga in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Mali" was carried out in the research station of Samanko (ICRISAT). The objective of the study was to identify striga resistant and/or tolerant varieties compared to local controls and to describe the evolution of the striga population according to the development stage of these varieties. For this study, 126 varieties from several west African countries and two local varieties as controls were used. Experimental design was Alpha Lattice system. The following characteristics were measured: plants vigor of sorghum, date of 50% flowering for sorghum, number and vigor of striga at different stages of sorghum development. Results showed, that half of varieties had good to excellent vigor, 48% had intermediate vigor and only 2% of varieties had very poor vigor at emergence. Then striga resistants' varieties were identified, namely: Kouria,
International journal of scientific research and management, Jan 8, 2023
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) constitutes a food source for millions of people. Nowadays, sweet sorgh... more Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) constitutes a food source for millions of people. Nowadays, sweet sorghums have the same interest as sugarcane. Traditional sweet sorghums have a high level of juice and sugar but a low grain yield. In order to evaluate the effect of phosphorus on some agronomic and biochemical parameters of some new sweet sorghum varieties, a study entitled "Characterization of new sweet sorghum varieties (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) for their grain and sugar yield under two growing conditions in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Samanko, Mali" was carried out. The trial was set up in an alpha lattice design with 2 replications. The treatments consisted of 48 sweet sorghum varieties, with 3 grain varieties as controls. Observations focused on agro-morphological parameters and sugar yield components. The results showed a high significance difference between lines for all variables measured except vigor at emergence. On soil with Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) application, 50% of the lineages with a cycle of 263 to 273 Julian days had a grain yield higher than 2 t/ha. Only one lineage (L17) was earlier and more stable in both environments with a cycle of 271 to 273 Julian days. On soil without DAP application, only lineage L40 had an average yield gain of 2t/ha above the local control (Tieblé). The best performances in sugar concentration were obtained in High-P with 10 lineages whose Brix varied from 18% to 20.25% and 15.3% to 17.7% in Low P.
![Research paper thumbnail of Effect Of Agromorphological Diversity and Botanical Race on Biochemical Composition in Sweet Grains Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] of Burkina Faso](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109185493/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Journal of BioScience and Biotechnology, 2017
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is an under-harvested crop in Burkina Faso. It is grown mainly for it... more Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is an under-harvested crop in Burkina Faso. It is grown mainly for its sweet grains in the pasty stage. However, the precocity of the cycle and the sweet grains at pasty stage make it an interesting plant with agro-alimentary potential during the lean season. This study was carried out to identify the main sugars responsible for the sweetness of the grains at the pasty stage and their variation according to the agro-morphological group and the botanical race. Thus, the grains harvested at the pasty stage of fifteen (15) accessions selected according to the agro-morphological group and botanical race were lyophilized and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results reveal the presence of four (4) main carbohydrates at pasty stage of grains such as fructose, glucose, sucrose and starch. Analysis of variance revealed that these carbohydrates discriminate significantly the agro-morphological groups and the botanical races. Moreover,...
Cassava farmers and end users are not homogeneous. This generates a need to breed for different s... more Cassava farmers and end users are not homogeneous. This generates a need to breed for different sets of traits in cassava to match the range of end uses and users. Diverse groups of end users show varying preferences for production characteristics, processing needs, marketing demands and health/nutrient requirements. Women in particular play a critical role in cassava production, processing and marketing in Nigeria, necessitating a closer examination of how gender roles and responsibilities shape varietal choices. The aim of this study was to prioritize cassava breeding objectives to meet the diverse needs of farmers and other end users, with an emphasis on identifying and responding to the preferences of women farmers, processors and marketers. Prior to selection of the communities for a gender study, questionnaires were administered to 2,500 households in 16 States of Nigeria during a cassava variety monitoring study. Heads of households only were surveyed in 70% of the households...
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2018
Sweet grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an under-harvested crop produced mainly for ... more Sweet grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an under-harvested crop produced mainly for its sweet grains in the pasty stage. Little is known of its genetic diversity remains. This study aims to determine the level and structure of the genetic diversity of sweet grain sorghum from Burkina Faso. Thus, 93 accessions were evaluated using 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed 49 alleles in total, 6 rare alleles, an average of 3 alleles per locus, a moderate Nei diversity of 0.474, a low level of heterozygosity (0.031) in the collection and very high Wright's fixation index (Fis) of 0.934. The accessions were organized into three genetic groups: A, B and C. Groups A and B were the farthest, with an Fst and a genetic distance of 0.37 and 0.22, respectively, whereas Groups B and C were the closest, with an Fst (genetic differentiation) of 0.279 and a genetic distance of 0.142. This diversity could be exploited in Burkina Faso sweet grain sorghum breeding programs.
Crop Science, 2019
ABSTRACTThe development of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] hybrids with Guinea‐race parents... more ABSTRACTThe development of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] hybrids with Guinea‐race parents is a promising approach to increase yields in West Africa (WA). There is heretofore no quantitative genetic information about the genetic value of new hybrids and their parents, or about the efficiency of alternative selection methods for targeting yield performance under the predominantly low‐input, P‐deficient production conditions. This study aims to estimate the heterosis levels attainable by new Guinea‐race hybrids and the combining abilities of the current suite of parents with partial‐ to full‐Guinea‐race backgrounds of contrasting geographic origins, and to determine the effectiveness of direct selection under low‐P (LP) relative to indirect selection under high‐P (HP) conditions. Single‐cross hybrids were evaluated in 2015 and 2016 for yield under both LP and HP conditions at two locations in Mali. The hybrid yields were substantially superior to farmers’ local Guinea‐race vari...
Scientific Reports, 2020
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important crop in Chad that plays an economic r... more Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important crop in Chad that plays an economic role in the countryside were stalks are produced mainly for human consumption without any processing. Unfortunately, very little information exists on its genetic diversity and brix content. Studies performed in 2014 and 2015 showed that there were significant variations (p < 0.001) for all assessed quantitative traits. Potential grain yield (0.12–1.67 t ha−1), days to 50% flowering (68.3–126.3 days), and plant height (128.9–298.3 cm) were among traits that exhibited broader variability. Brix content range from 5.5 to 16.7% across accessions, was positively correlated to stalk diameter and plant height, but negatively correlated to moisture content in fresh stalk and potential grain yield. Fresh stalk yield range from 16.8 to 115.7 Mg ha−1, with a mean value of 58.3 Mg ha−1 across accession. Moisture content in fresh stalk range from 33.7 to 74.4% but was negatively correlated to fresh...
Frontiers in Plant Science
Due to evolutionary divergence, sorghum race populations exhibit significant genetic and morpholo... more Due to evolutionary divergence, sorghum race populations exhibit significant genetic and morphological variation. A k-mer-based sorghum race sequence comparison identified the conserved k-mers of all 272 accessions from sorghum and the race-specific genetic signatures identified the gene variability in 10,321 genes (PAVs). To understand sorghum race structure, diversity and domestication, a deep learning-based variant calling approach was employed in a set of genotypic data derived from a diverse panel of 272 sorghum accessions. The data resulted in 1.7 million high-quality genome-wide SNPs and identified selective signature (both positive and negative) regions through a genome-wide scan with different (iHS and XP-EHH) statistical methods. We discovered 2,370 genes associated with selection signatures including 179 selective sweep regions distributed over 10 chromosomes. Co-localization of these regions undergoing selective pressure with previously reported QTLs and genes revealed t...
The identification of haplotypes influencing traits of agronomic interest, with well-defined effe... more The identification of haplotypes influencing traits of agronomic interest, with well-defined effects across environments, is of key importance to develop varieties adapted to their context of use. It requires advanced crossing schemes, multi-environment characterization and relevant statistical tools. Here we present a sorghum multi-reference back-cross nested association mapping (BCNAM) population composed of 3901 lines produced by crossing 24 diverse parents to three elite parents from West and Central Africa (WCA-BCNAM). The population was characterized in environments contrasting for photoperiod, rainfall, temperature, and soil fertility. To analyse this multi-parental and multi-environment design, we developed a new methodology for QTL detection and parental effect estimation. In addition, envirotyping data were mobilized to determine the influence of specific environmental covariables on the genetic effects, which allowed spatial projections of the QTL effects. We mobilized th...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Feb 11, 2020
Genes
Assessing the genetic diversity and population structure of cultivated sorghum is important for h... more Assessing the genetic diversity and population structure of cultivated sorghum is important for heterotic grouping, breeding population development, marker-assisted cultivar development, and release. The objectives of the present study were to assess the genetic diversity and deduce the population structure of 200 sorghum accessions using diversity arrays technology (DArT)-derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.10 to 0.50 with an average of 0.32, while the average observed heterozygosity (0.15) was relatively low, which is a typical value for autogamous crops species like sorghum. Moderate polymorphic information content (PIC) values were identified with a mean of 0.26, which indicates the informativeness of the chosen SNP markers. The population structure and cluster analyses revealed four main clusters with a high level of genetic diversity among the accessions studied. The variation within populations (41.5%) was sig...
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2018
Key message Major A 1 cytoplasm fertility restoration loci, Rf 2 and Rf 5 , were found in the Wes... more Key message Major A 1 cytoplasm fertility restoration loci, Rf 2 and Rf 5 , were found in the West African sorghum. A potential causative mutation for Rf 2 was identified. KASP markers were validated on independent material. Abstract To accelerate the identification and development of hybrid parental lines in West African (WA) sorghum, this study aimed to understand the genetics underlying the fertility restoration (Rf) in WA A 1 cytoplasmic male sterility system and to develop markers for a routine use in WA breeding programs. We genotyped by sequencing three F 2 populations to map the Rf quantitative trait loci (QTL), validated the molecular KASP markers developed from those QTL in two F 2:3 populations, and assessed the most promising markers on a set of 95 R-and B-lines from WA breeding programs. Seven QTL were found across the three F 2 populations. On chromosome SBI-05, we found a major fertility restorer locus (Rf 5) for two populations with the same male parent, explaining 19 and 14% of the phenotypic variation in either population. Minor QTL were detected in these two populations on chromosomes SBI-02, SBI-03, SBI-04 and SBI-10. In the third population, we identified one major fertility restorer locus on chromosome SBI-02, Rf 2 , explaining 31% of the phenotypic variation. Pentatricopeptide repeat genes in the Rf 2 QTL region were sequenced, and we detected in Sobic.002G057050 a missense mutation in the first exon, explaining 81% of the phenotypic variation in a F 2:3 population and clearly separating B-from R-lines. The KASP marker developed from this mutation stands as a promising tool for routine use in WA breeding programs. Abbreviations CMS Cytoplasmic male sterility CTAB Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid GBS Genotyping by sequencing ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics IER Institut d'Economie Rurale KASP Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction ORF Open reading frame PCR Polymerase chain reaction PPR Pentatricopeptide repeat QTL Quantitative trait loci Rf Fertility restoration locus/gene SNP Single nucleotide polymorphism WA West Africa Communicated by Hai-Chun Jing.
Journal of Crop Improvement, 2018
Many efforts have been made to improve sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties, but adopt... more Many efforts have been made to improve sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties, but adoption of improved varieties remains low. Sorghum has diverse panicle architecture and grain qualities that vary within and between races, and utilization and adoption may depend on these traits. Recent efforts in West Africa to improve local guinea race germplasm as a base material have diversified potential options: there are breeding materials with a range of panicle types with increased grain number per panicle and a range of droopiness, as well as laxness and threshability. This study was designed to expand our understanding about sorghum grain and panicle traits that are important for farmers in the Sudan savanna zone of Mali. We combined a sorghum panicle sorting activity with qualitative interviews in Mande and Dioïla to understand farmers' knowledge and preferences about sorghum characteristics. A total of 20 panicle sorting activities and 20 interviews were conducted with men and women sorghum producers. Based on their roles and responsibilities in sorghum production and processing, farmers associated specific panicle types, plant types, and grain traits with aspects of pest control, threshability, storage duration, and yield. Farmers preferred open panicles and droopy architecture for disease and pest control; hard grains for storage and appropriate ratios of flour and grits; high density of grain on the panicle for yield; and specific glume qualities for threshability. Breeding programs need to consider these regional preferences and gender roles to develop appropriate material and increase adoption of productive varieties.
The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is a non-profit, n... more The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is a non-profit, nonpolitical organization that does innovative agricultural research and capacity building for sustainable development with a wide array of partners across the globe. ICRISAT's mission is to help empower 644 million poor people to overcome hunger, poverty and a degraded environment in the dry tropics through better agriculture. ICRISAT belongs to the Alliance of Future Harvest Centers of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).
Crop Science, 2017
Many farmers in West and Central Africa (WCA) prefer tall (>3 m) grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolo... more Many farmers in West and Central Africa (WCA) prefer tall (>3 m) grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] for various reasons. This study seeks to determine (i) what yield superiority newly bred, tall, photoperiod‐sensitive guinea‐race sorghum hybrids can provide relative to an adapted landrace variety across a wide range of productivity conditions, and (ii) the risk of these hybrids failing to provide yield superiority for individual farmers. Seven hybrids, one local check, and eight pure‐line progenies were evaluated in 37 farmer‐managed, on‐farm yield trials across three Malian zones and 3 yr. Environments were classified into four productivity groups (low [0.78–1.10 Mg ha−1], mid‐low [1.10–1.50 Mg ha−1], mid‐high [1.50–2.00 Mg ha−1] and high [2.00–2.65 Mg ha−1]) based on their trial mean grain yield. Mean yields of the seven tall hybrids were 3 to 17% (ranging from 0.06 to 0.28 Mg ha−1) higher than that of the local check across all environments and were highest (14–47%) a...
Sorghum plays an important role in the diets and economies of population in Mali and Nigeria, the... more Sorghum plays an important role in the diets and economies of population in Mali and Nigeria, the two target countries of the project. In these countries, dietary induced micronutrient malnutrition is a major concern. Statistics from e-HEALTH Nigeria indicated that; 1 out of every 5 children are severely malnourished, 29% of all preschool age children are vitamin A deficient (VAD) and 2 in every 3 pregnant women are anaemic / Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA. The average per capita annual sorghum consumption in major sorghum growing areas, is more than 75 kg, contributing to more than 50% of the dietary micronutrient requirements, particularly in the northern states of Nigeria and among the low-income population groups. In Mali, 80% to 90% of production is directly consumed by semi-subsistence farmers never reaching a market. The rate of anemia in West and Central Africa (WCA) region is exceedingly high, especially for young children and pregnant women. Therefore, any improvement in grain Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) concentration in sorghum, directly benefits the poor who depend mainly on agriculture.
The climatic changes and the irregularity of the seasons of rain involved the adoption by the far... more The climatic changes and the irregularity of the seasons of rain involved the adoption by the farmers of the varieties more plastic and adapted in their zone of culture that the improved varieties. In the objective to measure the response of the ecotypes to photoperiodism, a study of the sensitivity of 120 ecotypes of sorghum of Burkina Faso to the photoperiod was made using a test comprising two dates of sowing. These ecotypes come from the germplasm of the University of Ouagadougou, made up between 1984 and 1986 within the framework of the safeguarding of the diversity of the sorghum. It comes out from this study that all the studied ecotypes are photoperiodic and systematically reduce their cycle at the time of a delay the semi one. Also let us note that 46 % of the ecotypes showed a sensitivity moderate to the photoperiod (0<K≤0,3), 38% a relatively significant sensitivity (0,3<K≤0,6) and 16 % a strong sensitivity (0,6 < K≤0,9). The flowering of the ecotypes occurred in the 25 days which preceded the average date by end of the rain season and floral initiation started and finished during the time to which the day is shorter than the night. We retain as this study as at the time of a delay of 3 weeks sowing the ecotypes lose 10 to 96% their seeds with an average of 66%.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 28, 2022
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), grown in semiarid areas of Africa and Asia, is food source for million... more Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), grown in semiarid areas of Africa and Asia, is food source for millions of people. This crop is subject to several constraints, including Striga hermonthica, the most common parasitic plant in sorghum fields in the Sahelian and Sudanian zone. Striga causes significant damage to this crop. To control this pest, a study entitled "Evaluation of West African sorghum varieties for resistance to striga in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Mali" was carried out in the research station of Samanko (ICRISAT). The objective of the study was to identify striga resistant and/or tolerant varieties compared to local controls and to describe the evolution of the striga population according to the development stage of these varieties. For this study, 126 varieties from several west African countries and two local varieties as controls were used. Experimental design was Alpha Lattice system. The following characteristics were measured: plants vigor of sorghum, date of 50% flowering for sorghum, number and vigor of striga at different stages of sorghum development. Results showed, that half of varieties had good to excellent vigor, 48% had intermediate vigor and only 2% of varieties had very poor vigor at emergence. Then striga resistants' varieties were identified, namely: Kouria,
International journal of scientific research and management, Jan 8, 2023
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) constitutes a food source for millions of people. Nowadays, sweet sorgh... more Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) constitutes a food source for millions of people. Nowadays, sweet sorghums have the same interest as sugarcane. Traditional sweet sorghums have a high level of juice and sugar but a low grain yield. In order to evaluate the effect of phosphorus on some agronomic and biochemical parameters of some new sweet sorghum varieties, a study entitled "Characterization of new sweet sorghum varieties (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) for their grain and sugar yield under two growing conditions in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Samanko, Mali" was carried out. The trial was set up in an alpha lattice design with 2 replications. The treatments consisted of 48 sweet sorghum varieties, with 3 grain varieties as controls. Observations focused on agro-morphological parameters and sugar yield components. The results showed a high significance difference between lines for all variables measured except vigor at emergence. On soil with Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) application, 50% of the lineages with a cycle of 263 to 273 Julian days had a grain yield higher than 2 t/ha. Only one lineage (L17) was earlier and more stable in both environments with a cycle of 271 to 273 Julian days. On soil without DAP application, only lineage L40 had an average yield gain of 2t/ha above the local control (Tieblé). The best performances in sugar concentration were obtained in High-P with 10 lineages whose Brix varied from 18% to 20.25% and 15.3% to 17.7% in Low P.
Journal of BioScience and Biotechnology, 2017
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is an under-harvested crop in Burkina Faso. It is grown mainly for it... more Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is an under-harvested crop in Burkina Faso. It is grown mainly for its sweet grains in the pasty stage. However, the precocity of the cycle and the sweet grains at pasty stage make it an interesting plant with agro-alimentary potential during the lean season. This study was carried out to identify the main sugars responsible for the sweetness of the grains at the pasty stage and their variation according to the agro-morphological group and the botanical race. Thus, the grains harvested at the pasty stage of fifteen (15) accessions selected according to the agro-morphological group and botanical race were lyophilized and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results reveal the presence of four (4) main carbohydrates at pasty stage of grains such as fructose, glucose, sucrose and starch. Analysis of variance revealed that these carbohydrates discriminate significantly the agro-morphological groups and the botanical races. Moreover,...
Cassava farmers and end users are not homogeneous. This generates a need to breed for different s... more Cassava farmers and end users are not homogeneous. This generates a need to breed for different sets of traits in cassava to match the range of end uses and users. Diverse groups of end users show varying preferences for production characteristics, processing needs, marketing demands and health/nutrient requirements. Women in particular play a critical role in cassava production, processing and marketing in Nigeria, necessitating a closer examination of how gender roles and responsibilities shape varietal choices. The aim of this study was to prioritize cassava breeding objectives to meet the diverse needs of farmers and other end users, with an emphasis on identifying and responding to the preferences of women farmers, processors and marketers. Prior to selection of the communities for a gender study, questionnaires were administered to 2,500 households in 16 States of Nigeria during a cassava variety monitoring study. Heads of households only were surveyed in 70% of the households...
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2018
Sweet grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an under-harvested crop produced mainly for ... more Sweet grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an under-harvested crop produced mainly for its sweet grains in the pasty stage. Little is known of its genetic diversity remains. This study aims to determine the level and structure of the genetic diversity of sweet grain sorghum from Burkina Faso. Thus, 93 accessions were evaluated using 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed 49 alleles in total, 6 rare alleles, an average of 3 alleles per locus, a moderate Nei diversity of 0.474, a low level of heterozygosity (0.031) in the collection and very high Wright's fixation index (Fis) of 0.934. The accessions were organized into three genetic groups: A, B and C. Groups A and B were the farthest, with an Fst and a genetic distance of 0.37 and 0.22, respectively, whereas Groups B and C were the closest, with an Fst (genetic differentiation) of 0.279 and a genetic distance of 0.142. This diversity could be exploited in Burkina Faso sweet grain sorghum breeding programs.
Crop Science, 2019
ABSTRACTThe development of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] hybrids with Guinea‐race parents... more ABSTRACTThe development of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] hybrids with Guinea‐race parents is a promising approach to increase yields in West Africa (WA). There is heretofore no quantitative genetic information about the genetic value of new hybrids and their parents, or about the efficiency of alternative selection methods for targeting yield performance under the predominantly low‐input, P‐deficient production conditions. This study aims to estimate the heterosis levels attainable by new Guinea‐race hybrids and the combining abilities of the current suite of parents with partial‐ to full‐Guinea‐race backgrounds of contrasting geographic origins, and to determine the effectiveness of direct selection under low‐P (LP) relative to indirect selection under high‐P (HP) conditions. Single‐cross hybrids were evaluated in 2015 and 2016 for yield under both LP and HP conditions at two locations in Mali. The hybrid yields were substantially superior to farmers’ local Guinea‐race vari...
Scientific Reports, 2020
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important crop in Chad that plays an economic r... more Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important crop in Chad that plays an economic role in the countryside were stalks are produced mainly for human consumption without any processing. Unfortunately, very little information exists on its genetic diversity and brix content. Studies performed in 2014 and 2015 showed that there were significant variations (p < 0.001) for all assessed quantitative traits. Potential grain yield (0.12–1.67 t ha−1), days to 50% flowering (68.3–126.3 days), and plant height (128.9–298.3 cm) were among traits that exhibited broader variability. Brix content range from 5.5 to 16.7% across accessions, was positively correlated to stalk diameter and plant height, but negatively correlated to moisture content in fresh stalk and potential grain yield. Fresh stalk yield range from 16.8 to 115.7 Mg ha−1, with a mean value of 58.3 Mg ha−1 across accession. Moisture content in fresh stalk range from 33.7 to 74.4% but was negatively correlated to fresh...
Frontiers in Plant Science
Due to evolutionary divergence, sorghum race populations exhibit significant genetic and morpholo... more Due to evolutionary divergence, sorghum race populations exhibit significant genetic and morphological variation. A k-mer-based sorghum race sequence comparison identified the conserved k-mers of all 272 accessions from sorghum and the race-specific genetic signatures identified the gene variability in 10,321 genes (PAVs). To understand sorghum race structure, diversity and domestication, a deep learning-based variant calling approach was employed in a set of genotypic data derived from a diverse panel of 272 sorghum accessions. The data resulted in 1.7 million high-quality genome-wide SNPs and identified selective signature (both positive and negative) regions through a genome-wide scan with different (iHS and XP-EHH) statistical methods. We discovered 2,370 genes associated with selection signatures including 179 selective sweep regions distributed over 10 chromosomes. Co-localization of these regions undergoing selective pressure with previously reported QTLs and genes revealed t...
The identification of haplotypes influencing traits of agronomic interest, with well-defined effe... more The identification of haplotypes influencing traits of agronomic interest, with well-defined effects across environments, is of key importance to develop varieties adapted to their context of use. It requires advanced crossing schemes, multi-environment characterization and relevant statistical tools. Here we present a sorghum multi-reference back-cross nested association mapping (BCNAM) population composed of 3901 lines produced by crossing 24 diverse parents to three elite parents from West and Central Africa (WCA-BCNAM). The population was characterized in environments contrasting for photoperiod, rainfall, temperature, and soil fertility. To analyse this multi-parental and multi-environment design, we developed a new methodology for QTL detection and parental effect estimation. In addition, envirotyping data were mobilized to determine the influence of specific environmental covariables on the genetic effects, which allowed spatial projections of the QTL effects. We mobilized th...