Banning Garrett - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Banning Garrett

Routledge eBooks, May 31, 2023

Shorenstein APARC, Oct 1, 1997

Canfield Press eBooks, 1971

The SHAFR Guide Online, Oct 2, 2017

Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, Dec 1, 1997

Frontiers in sustainable food systems, Dec 4, 2018

Smart integration of technology can help create sustainable urban food ecosystems (UFEs) for the ... more Smart integration of technology can help create sustainable urban food ecosystems (UFEs) for the rapidly expanding urban population in the developing world. Technology, especially recent advances in digital-enabled devices based on internet connectivity, are essential for building UFEs at a time when food production is increasingly limited on a global scale by the availability of land, water, and energy. By 2050, two-thirds of the world will be urban-and most of the net world population growth will occur in urban regions in the developing world. A food crisis is looming, with the developing world ill-prepared to sustainably feed itself. We identify 12 innovative technology platforms to advance the UFEs of the developing world: (1) connectivity-information delivery and digital technology platforms; (2) uberized services; (3) precision agriculture (GPS, IoT-Internet of things, AI-artificial intelligence, sensing technology); (4) CEA-controlled environment agriculture, including vertical farms; (5) blockchain for greater transparency, food safety, and identification; (6) solar and wind power connected to microgrids; (7) high-quality, enhanced seeds for greater yield, nutrition, climate, and pest resistance; (8) advanced genetics, including gene editing, synthetic biology, and cloud biology; (9) biotechnology, including microbiome editing, soil biologicals, cultured meat, alternative proteins to meat and dairy; (10) nanotechnology and advanced materials; (11) 3-D printing/additive manufacturing; and (12) integration of new tech to scale-up underutilized, existing technologies. The new tech-enabled UFEs, linked to value-chains, will create entrepreneurial opportunities-and more efficiently use resources and people to connect the nexus of food, water, energy, and nutrition.

International Security, 1995

Russia and the United States, China is not constrained by any international arms control regime f... more Russia and the United States, China is not constrained by any international arms control regime from modernizing and expanding its nuclear forces. In addition, the Chinese nuclear arsenal, the quality of which is likely to be significantly enhanced over the coming ...

Global Policy, Feb 1, 2014

3D printing (3DP) is a classic disruptive technology that is likely to have a huge and widespread... more 3D printing (3DP) is a classic disruptive technology that is likely to have a huge and widespread impact on the world. This revolutionary technology is likely to dramatically change business models, shift production location, shrink supply chains, and alter the global economic order, potentially degrading the importance of the Asian export manufacturing platforms and revitalizing the US innovation engine and the US economy. In the process, 3DP will change the ‘global operating environment’ for policy makers as well as business and labor. 3DP is already a proven ‘general purpose’ technology that is being used for an enormous range of applications, such as fabricating spare and new parts for planes, trains and automobiles and thousands of items in between. It has huge environmental benefits, including substantial reduction in resources consumed in production, manufacturing products only on demand, and ‘just in time production’ of goods at or near where they are consumed, greatly reducing the carbon footprint of goods produced and shipped thousands of miles to consumers.

Asian Survey, May 1, 2001

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, a... more JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact

Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, Dec 1, 1991

Asian Survey, Apr 1, 1989

Chinese foreign policy institute analysts are currently engaged in intense research and discussio... more Chinese foreign policy institute analysts are currently engaged in intense research and discussion on the nature and implications of emerging trends in the international situation.' In their view, the key global trends shaping international relations and the balance of power are: the ...

Journal of Contemporary China, Aug 1, 2006

The coining decade could provide the opportunity for the United States to consolidate stable Sino... more The coining decade could provide the opportunity for the United States to consolidate stable Sino-American relations and expand US-China cooperation on a wide range of global and regional issues. Such a constructive relationship would not be conflict-free or without competitive aspects, especially in the political and economic realms, nor is its development inevitable. But the United States is not likely to conclude that a strategy of containment toward China is either necessary or feasible. Similarly, China will likely continue to pursue a strategy of seeking cooperative ties with the United States rather than adopting an antihegemonist coalition strategy to counter American power and influence. A key factor underlying this assessment is that 'globalization' is reshaping the global strategic environment. In this new strategic situation, the ititerests of the United States and China will limit strategic competition between them and compel closer cooperation to respond to shared strategic threats and challenges. Globalization has led to converging-though by no means identical-national interests in many critical areas and a common interest in maintaining the overall global system of regimes, treaties and organizations governing international economic, political and security relations to the benefit of both countries. This high-level common interest does not preclude sharp differences over specific issues, but it is likely to create pressure on the United States and China to cooperate in many areas to defend, maintain and strengthen the system and to restrain them from pursuing containment or confrontational strategies toward each other. Introduction: Sino-American relations and the 'five Cs' The coming decade could provide the opportunity for the United States to consolidate stable Sino-American relations and expand US-China cooperation on a wide range *Baiining Garretl is director of the Asia Program at the Atlantic Council of the United States. Before joining the Council, he was a consultant to the Department of Defense and private industry for tiiore than 20 years and was a senior associate at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. Garrett has written extensively on a wide range of issues, including Chinese foreign policy and views of the strategic environment, US-China relations, US defense policy and Asian security, arms control, and globalization. Garrett has published numerous articles, including in

Asian Survey, Jun 1, 1995

Looking Across the Yalu Chinese Assessments of North Korea Banning Garrett and Bonnie Glaser Chin... more Looking Across the Yalu Chinese Assessments of North Korea Banning Garrett and Bonnie Glaser China has closer ties to North Korea and greater influ- ence over Pyongyang than any other country. Beijing has played a signifi- cant role in urging North Korea to reach an ...

Asian Survey, Apr 1, 1997

American relations. The triangular relationship among China, Japan and the United States is compl... more American relations. The triangular relationship among China, Japan and the United States is complicated by Washington's asymmetrical ties with Japan and China. Japan is a long-standing and close American ally despite chronic differences over ... United States recently has ...

USA Today, Jul 1, 1983

... ERIC #: EJ283291. Title: The Strategic Importance of Sino-American Relations. Authors: Garret... more ... ERIC #: EJ283291. Title: The Strategic Importance of Sino-American Relations. Authors: Garrett, Banning; Glaser, Bonnie S. Descriptors: Foreign Policy; International Relations; National Defense; Peace; United States History. Source: USA Today, v112 n2458 p15-16 Jul 1983. ...

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2010

The coming decade could provide the opportunity for the United States to consolidate stable Sino-... more The coming decade could provide the opportunity for the United States to consolidate stable Sino-American relations and expand U.S.-China cooperation on a wide range of global and regional issues. The U.S. and China face many common challenges in a period of rapid globalization and growing strategic interdependence. Successful cooperation on a wide range of specific bilateral and international issues of strategic importance to both sides such as counter terrorism and non-proliferation could serve to reduce lingering suspicions of each other's strategic intentions and pave the way for development of "normal" relations between the two nations. This period could also lead in a different direction. China and the U.S. face many obstacles in the path of smooth development of bilateral relations and the expansion of strategic cooperation. They continue to have often-sharp differences over many bilateral issues, including trade and human rights. Cross-Strait relations especially remain a potential source of serious tension and even conflict between the U.S. and China. And deep suspicions of each other's long-term strategic intentions remain on both sides, especially those resulting from China's emergence as a great power and apparent U.S. determination to prevent the rise of a peer competitor. Some Americans are concerned that China might use its growing economic and political influence in East Asia to reduce U.S. regional influence in a zero-sum contest for strategic advantage. They also warn that China might use its growing military power for aggressive purposes against Taiwan or China's neighbors. Some Chinese likewise suspect that the U.S. seeks to slow China's economic growth, circumscribe its political influence and prevent the reunification of Taiwan with the Mainland. In short, differences over specific bilateral and international issues and mutual suspicions may limit improvement of relations or even lead to a protracted period of strategic competition and even military conflict. This analysis is cautiously optimistic that the first path-that toward building more robust Sino-American ties is possible and that appropriate U.S. and Chinese policies can encourage the development of a long-term, stable relationship as well as a U.S.-China strategic partnership on a broad range of issues of strategic importance to the United States. Such a relationship will not be conflict-free or without competitive aspects, especially in the political and economic realms. And a robust U.S. presence in East Asia, including strong alliance relationships with Japan and other traditional U.S. allies, will continue to be important to maintain regional stability, provide reassurance to regional states during this period of "China's rise", and to "hedge" against the possible emergence of a more conflictual relationship with China as well as possible conflict over Taiwan. But the United States is not likely to conclude that a strategy of containment toward China is either necessary or feasible. Similarly, China will likely continue to pursue a strategy of seeking close ties with the United States rather than adopt an anti-hegemonist coalition strategy to counter American power and influence. i At the same time, the Chinese will likely seek to develop closer ties and cooperation with the European Union and other powers to bolster China's bargaining position vis-vis the United States and hedge against the possibility of a sharp deterioration in Sino-American relations. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. 1. Constraints on U.S. and Chinese Strategic Options Globalization has created a new "strategic interdependence" among globalizing states as these states' economic power has become increasingly dependent on maintaining, deepening and broadening economic ties with other globalizing states and the international system of peace and stability in which those economic ties thrive. Jockeying among states for political influence and economic advantage will continue, but this is likely to occur almost exclusively within the parameters of the international system that the major powers, now including China, recognize must be respected and jointly defended to preserve their own national interests. Thus, although successfully globalizing states may be economic and political competitors in the future, they are not likely to be strategic competitors in a zero-sum contest in which gains for one power, including economic, are necessarily a loss for the other, and in which their long-term strategic goal is to weaken if not defeat the other power as was the case in the U.S.-Soviet strategic competition of the Cold War. Rather, these states will find the growth, prosperity and security of other powers essential to their own security and economic well-being. This view contradicts the views of prominent Realists, who see a clash between the established dominant power and a rising power, specifically China, as virtually inevitable, and call for efforts to slow and contain the growth of Chinese power. ii In my view, however, the use of force or threat of force to gain strategic advantage or to settle disputes among the globalizing states is likely to be viewed by leaders as potentially high cost/high risk without comparable, if any, benefits, and thus not likely to be pursued as deliberate policy-although miscalculation can never be ruled out entirely, and in the case of China and the United States, the Taiwan issue, which is left over from the pre-globalization era, holds the potential for direct military conflict between the two globalizing powers. The Bush Administration has expressed optimism about the prospects for the major powers avoiding conflict. President Bush, in his 2002 National Security Strategy report, declared that "today, the international community has the best chance since the rise of the nation-state in the seventeenth century to build a world where great powers compete in peace instead of continually prepare for war. Today, the world's great powers find ourselves on the same side-united by common dangers of terrorist violence and chaos." iii And Ambassador Richard Haass, as President Bush's Director of Policy Planning in the State Department, said in 2002, "war between the great powers" is "almost unthinkable." iv Even Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld noted in early June, 2004, that "future dangers will less likely be from battles between great powers, and more likely from enemies that work in small cells, that are fluid and strike without warning anywhere, anytime enemies that have access to increasingly formidable technology and weapons." v