Barbara Heude - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Barbara Heude

Research paper thumbnail of Allaitement dans la première année de vie et trajectoires d’infections et de symptômes allergiques dans la cohorte mère-enfant EDEN

Revue Francaise D Allergologie, Apr 1, 2019

P. Déchelotte est consultant chez TargEDys SA. G. Lambert est employé(e) de TargEDys SA. R. Legra... more P. Déchelotte est consultant chez TargEDys SA. G. Lambert est employé(e) de TargEDys SA. R. Legrand est employé(e) de TargEDys SA. N. Lucas est employé(e) de TargEDys SA. Les autres auteurs déclarent ne pas avoir de liens d'intérêts.

Research paper thumbnail of Prenatal Diet and Children's Trajectories of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms from 3 to 8 Years: The EDEN Mother-Child Cohort

Journal of Nutrition, 2021

ABSTRACT Background Maternal diet quality during pregnancy has been linked to offspring&a... more ABSTRACT Background Maternal diet quality during pregnancy has been linked to offspring's physical and mental health outcomes across the lifespan. However, few studies have examined its association with subsequent offspring's anxiety and depression issues. Objectives The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between maternal prenatal dietary patterns and offspring's anxiety and depression symptoms from 3 to 8 years. Methods We used data from 1242 children enrolled in the French EDEN (Etude des déterminants pré- et postnatals précoces du développement et de la santé de l'enfant) birth cohort. Maternal third trimester dietary patterns—namely, “Healthy” (i.e., high intake in fruit, vegetables, fish, and whole-grain cereals) and “Western” (i.e., high intake in processed and snacking foods) patterns—were evaluated using a validated qualitative FFQ. Children's anxiety and depression symptoms (i.e., fears, worries, misery, nervousness, and somatic symptoms) were assessed by mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 3, 5, and 8 years, from which trajectories were derived using group-based trajectory modeling. We used logistic regressions to analyze the associations between maternal dietary patterns and children's anxiety and depression symptom trajectories. Results We identified 2 trajectories of anxiety and depression symptoms from 3 to 8 years of age: low to moderate (n = 1058; reference group) and moderately high (n = 184). Maternal low adherence to the Healthy dietary pattern in the third trimester was significantly associated with moderately high children's anxiety and depression symptom trajectories from 3 to 8 years (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.40–2.51), in crude and adjusted analyses. The maternal Western dietary pattern was not significantly associated with anxiety and depression symptom trajectories. Conclusions High maternal prenatal adherence to a Healthy dietary pattern was negatively related to anxiety and depression symptoms in children. As maternal diet is a key lifestyle factor, further research should investigate its association with subsequent offspring anxiety and depression symptoms in aiming to later inform prevention strategies focusing on pregnancy.

Research paper thumbnail of Association between dietary patterns reflecting one-carbon metabolism nutrients intake before pregnancy and placental DNA methylation

Epigenetics, Aug 31, 2021

Background: The preconception period represents an important window for fetal and epigenetic prog... more Background: The preconception period represents an important window for fetal and epigenetic programming. Some micronutrients (B vitamins, choline, betaine, methionine) implicated in one-carbon metabolism (OCM) are essential for major epigenetic processes that take place in early pregnancy. However, few studies have evaluated the implication of the micronutrients in placental DNA methylation. Objective: We investigated whether intake of OCM nutrients in the year before pregnancy was associated with placental DNA methylation in the EDEN mother-child cohort. Design: Maternal dietary intake was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. Three dietary patterns, "varied and balanced diet", "vegetarian tendency", and "bread and starchy food", were used to characterize maternal OCM dietary intake. The Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip was used to measure placental DNA methylation of 573 women included in the analyses. We evaluated the association of dietary patterns with global DNA methylation. Then, we conducted an agnostic epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) and investigated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with each dietary pattern. Results: We found no significant association between the three dietary patterns and global DNA methylation or individual CpG sites. DMR analyses highlighted associations between the "varied and balanced" or "vegetarian tendency" pattern and DMRs located at genes previously implicated in functions essential for embryonic development, such as neurodevelopment. The "bread and starchy food" pattern was associated with regions related to genes whose functions involve various metabolic and cell synthesis-related processes. Conclusions: In mainly well-nourished French women without major deficiencies, OCM intake before pregnancy was not associated with major variation in DNA methylation.

Research paper thumbnail of Exposure to screens and children’s language development in the EDEN mother–child cohort

Scientific Reports, Jun 8, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Night-waking and behavior in preschoolers: a developmental trajectory approach

Sleep Medicine, Mar 1, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Growth curves of anthropometric indices in a general population of French children and comparison with reference data

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Jul 5, 2006

Background: The description of growth patterns of the different anthropometric measurements mainl... more Background: The description of growth patterns of the different anthropometric measurements mainly used in epidemiological studies is useful to better understand the development of obesity in children and its consequences. Objective: Our aim was to establish growth curves of anthropometric indices in a general population of French children born during the 1980s and to compare them with the French reference curves based on children born in the 1950s. Design: As part of the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé Studies I and II (FLVS), 441 girls and 467 boys were examined at least twice between 1993 and 2001. Height, weight and four skinfold thicknesses were measured. Body mass index (BMI), sum of peripheral and truncal skinfolds and truncal-to-peripheral ratio were calculated. Mean growth curves from ages 5 to 17 years were assessed for these indices, calculating means and 95% confidence interval per 1 year age group and by gender. Results: Trajectories with age differed importantly according to the index considered; BMI was the one with the smallest difference between genders and the most linear shape with age. From the age of 5 years and after, the FLVS children were on average taller and had a higher subcutaneous adiposity than children born 30 years earlier. Truncal-to-peripheral ratio was higher in our population; this difference became more marked with puberty in girls. Discussion: This study suggests the existence of a secular trend towards a precocious accelerated growth, and a more truncal adiposity distribution, especially in girls. It is a disquieting trend considering its expected consequences on adult health.

Research paper thumbnail of Socioeconomic inequalities in weight, height and body mass index from birth to 5 years

International Journal of Obesity, Aug 17, 2018

Support for the EDEN study (Étude des Déterminants pré-et postnatals précoces du développement et... more Support for the EDEN study (Étude des Déterminants pré-et postnatals précoces du développement et de la santé de l'ENfant) was provided by the following organizations:

Research paper thumbnail of Breastfeeding Duration and Cognitive Development at 2 and 3 Years of Age in the EDEN Mother–Child Cohort

The Journal of Pediatrics, Jul 1, 2013

The authors" responsibilities were as follows: JYB performed the statistical analyses and wrote t... more The authors" responsibilities were as follows: JYB performed the statistical analyses and wrote the first draft of the manuscript under the supervision of BH, MD and MAC ; MAC coordinated the EDEN study and is the guarantor of the present study; MD, MAC and BH designed the current study; BH provided statistical insight; JYB, AF, TA, MB, VC, MK and BLG greatly contributed to the database. All authors reviewed the manuscript, had full access to all the data in the study, and took responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analyses. Financial disclosure Study sponsors were not involved in the study design, data collection, or data analyses. The authors of this manuscript have no conflicts of interest to declare. Support for the EDEN (Etude des Déterminants pré et postnatals précoces du développement et de la santé de l"ENfant) study was provided by the Foundation for Medical Research, the French Ministry of Research: the Institut Fédératif de Recherche program, the

Research paper thumbnail of Exposition aux AGPI-LC dans les premiers mois de vie et neurodéveloppement jusqu’à 3,5 ans des enfants de l’étude ELFE

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Nov 27, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Children’s Diet at 2 Years and Trajectories of Hyperactivity-Inattention Symptoms and Conduct Problems Between 3 and 8 Years: The EDEN Cohort

Journal of Nutrition, Feb 1, 2022

ABSTRACT Background Although the role of diet is increasingly acknowledged in psychiatry, data ar... more ABSTRACT Background Although the role of diet is increasingly acknowledged in psychiatry, data are still scarce regarding its early impact on the most significant behavioral disorders of childhood (i.e., hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problems). Objectives The objective of this study was to explore the relation between children's dietary patterns at 2 years and developmental trajectories of hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problems between 3 and 8 years. Methods We recruited 1432 mother-child dyads from the French EDEN (etude sur les déterminants pré- et postnatals du développement et de la santé de l'enfant) mother-child cohort to conduct the analyses. Three dietary patterns, labeled guidelines, processed and fast foods, and baby foods, were identified using an FFQ in children aged 2 years in a previous study. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problems at 3, 5, and 8 years of age and build related trajectories from 3 to 8 years. The relation between children's dietary patterns at 2 years and the worst developmental trajectories of hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problems were determined with multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for potential socioeconomic, maternal, and child confounders. Results The score on the guidelines dietary pattern was negatively associated with the risk of hyperactivity-inattention problems (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60–0.94), contrary to adherence to the baby foods dietary pattern (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.16–1.71). Conclusions Distinct patterns of children's diet at 2 years were predictive of developmental trajectories of hyperactivity-inattention problems between 3 and 8 years. These results highlight the relevance of conducting further studies to clarify the mechanisms involved.

Research paper thumbnail of Impact de la nutrition sur la croissance : 1000 premiers jours de vie

Annales D Endocrinologie, Sep 1, 2020

Les 1000 premiers jours de la conception et a la fin de la seconde annee de vie est la periode ou... more Les 1000 premiers jours de la conception et a la fin de la seconde annee de vie est la periode ou la croissance de l’etre humain est la plus rapide. La croissance au cours de cette periode est intrinsequement liee au developpement qui, partant d’un etre unicellulaire, va aboutir a un corps humain fonctionnel. Ces deux phenomenes sont sous tendus par la disponibilite en macro et micronutriments et s’y adaptent. De ces adaptations, qui peuvent etre d’ordre fonctionnelles ou structurelles, l’organisme va garder trace pour le restant de la vie. La nutrition et ses consequences sur la croissance ont ete a la base du concept des origines developpementales de la sante [1] . La croissance de la taille et du poids a cette periode renseigne sur l’etat de sante immediat de l’enfant mais, au niveau populationnel, elle informe egalement sur la susceptibilite ulterieure d’une population ou de certains de ses sous-groupes a de nombreuses pathologies chroniques. Dans cette presentation, apres le rappel de ces concepts generaux, les relations entre nutrition et croissance pre et post-natales precoces seront illustrees a partir de cohortes de naissance francaises et d’autres pays a situations nutritionnelles contrastees.

Research paper thumbnail of Croissance précoce en fonction de la teneur en protéines des préparations infantiles : résultats des cohortes EDEN et ELFE

Nutrition clinique et métabolisme, Apr 1, 2021

Introduction et but de l’etude Une croissance rapide dans les premiers mois de vie est associee a... more Introduction et but de l’etude Une croissance rapide dans les premiers mois de vie est associee a un risque plus eleve d’obesite plus tard dans la vie. Par ailleurs, des essais controles randomises (ECR) ont montre que les enfants consommant une preparation infantile avec une teneur elevee en proteines (2,90 g de proteines/100 kcal) avaient un poids plus eleve jusqu’a 24 mois que ceux consommant une preparation infantile avec une faible teneur (1,77 g/100 kcal), ces derniers ayant un poids moyen se rapprochant des enfants allaites exclusivement. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette analyse etait d’evaluer l’association entre la teneur en proteines de preparations infantiles, parmi l’ensemble de la gamme disponible en France, et la croissance des enfants jusqu’a 18 mois. Materiel et methodes Les analyses ont combine les donnees de la cohorte mere-enfant EDEN et de la cohorte de naissance Elfe, dont les recrutements se sont deroules respectivement avant et apres la publication de ces essais. Les analyses ont concerne les enfants allaites moins d’un mois, classes en 5 groupes selon la teneur en proteines de la preparation infantile consommee a 4 mois (n = 2574). Une seconde analyse incluant les nourrissons allaites exclusivement pendant au moins 3 mois a egalement ete realisee (n = 5846). Les associations entre la teneur en proteines des preparations infantiles et les z-scores du poids-pour-âge et de l’IMC-pour-âge a 6, 12 et 18 mois ont ete analysees a l’aide de regressions lineaires ajustees sur les principaux facteurs de confusion incluant les IMC parentaux et le z-score a 1 mois du parametre etudie et sur des variables liees aux cohortes. Resultats et analyse statistique La teneur moyenne en proteines dans les preparations infantiles etait superieure dans l’etude EDEN (2,4 g/100 kcal) comparee a l’etude ELFE (2,0 g/100 kcal). L’analyse combinee des donnees des deux cohortes a permis de montrer que la teneur en proteines dans les preparations infantiles consommees a 4 mois etait associee positivement aux z-scores du poids et de l’IMC a 6, 12 et 18 mois (a 6 mois pour 1 g/100 kcal, β[IC95 %] = 0,14 [0,05 ; 0,23] pour le poids et 0,25 [0,16 ; 0,34] pour l’IMC). Ainsi, a 6 mois, par rapport au groupe de teneur intermediaire (2,1–2,5 g/100 kcal), les nourrissons recevant une preparation infantile a teneur en proteines tres elevee (> 2,8 g/100 kcal) avaient un z-score de l’IMC-pour-âge plus eleve (β[IC95 %] = 0,20 [0,01 ; 0,39]) tandis que ceux du groupe a tres faible teneur en proteines ( Conclusion La publication des resultats des ECR s’est accompagnee d’une baisse de la teneur moyenne en proteines des preparations infantiles. Nos resultats ont permis de confirmer, en conditions reelles d’utilisation, l’association positive entre les teneurs en proteines disponibles dans les preparations infantiles et la croissance du poids et de l’IMC jusqu’a 18 mois. Des analyses avec la croissance future seront aussi realisees.

Research paper thumbnail of Night sleep duration trajectories and associated factors among preschool children from the EDEN cohort

Sleep Medicine, Aug 1, 2018

a,b ; on behalf of the EDEN mother-child cohort study group.

Research paper thumbnail of Pratiques alimentaires dans la petite enfance et caractéristiques du sommeil entre 2 et 5–6 ans dans la cohorte EDEN

Médecine du sommeil, Mar 1, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Night-waking trajectories and associated factors in French preschoolers from the EDEN birth-cohort

Sleep Medicine, Nov 1, 2016

Night-waking in preschoolers has been associated with adverse health outcomes in cross sectional ... more Night-waking in preschoolers has been associated with adverse health outcomes in cross sectional studies but is rarely analyzed in a longitudinal setting. Therefore, little is known about the evolution of night-waking in early childhood. The objectives were first, to identify night-waking trajectories in preschoolers and secondly, to examine risk factors associated with those trajectories. Analyses were based on the French birth-cohort study EDEN, which recruited 2002 pregnant women between 2003 and 2006. Data on child's night-waking at age 2, 3 and 5-6 and potential confounders were collected through parental self-reported questionnaires. Night-waking trajectories were computerized using group-based trajectory modeling on 1346 children. We identified two distinct developmental patterns. The "2 to 5 rare night-waking" (77% of the children) and the "2 to 5 common night-waking". Logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with the trajectories. Risk factors for belonging to the "2 to 5 common night-waking" trajectory were exposure to passive smoking at home, daycare in a collective setting, watching television for extended periods, bottle-feeding at night, high emotionality and low shyness. This approach allowed us to identify risk factors associated with nightwaking during a critical age window, and laid the groundwork for identifying children at higher risk of deleterious sleep patterns. Those risk factors are mainly living habits, pointing towards the fact that prevention and intervention programs could be highly beneficial in this population.

Research paper thumbnail of Trajectoires jointes de réveils nocturnes et de difficultés d’attention chez l’enfant de 2 à 5 ans dans la cohorte EDEN

Médecine du sommeil, Mar 1, 2017

Objectif Le SAOS retient de plus en plus l'attention des néphrologues. Le critère principal de l'... more Objectif Le SAOS retient de plus en plus l'attention des néphrologues. Le critère principal de l'étude était de déterminer la prévalence de MRC défini par la persistance d'un DFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m 2 sur au moins deux examens successifs chez les patients ayant des symptômes du SAOS. La qualité de vie et les comorbidités ont également été évaluées.

Research paper thumbnail of P49Trajectoires de durée de sommeil nocturne entre 2 et 5 ans, masse grasse et masse maigre à 5 ans chez les enfants de la cohorte EDEN

Médecine du sommeil, Mar 1, 2017

Objectif Peu d'études se sont intéressées à l'amélioration de l'observance à la PPC chez l'enfant... more Objectif Peu d'études se sont intéressées à l'amélioration de l'observance à la PPC chez l'enfant avec un SAOS. Hors l'adhérence à la PPC à 8 jours (J8) semble déterminante pour l'utilisation au long cours. L'objectif de notre étude était d'évaluer l'efficacité d'un tableau de suivi de l'observance à la PPC chez des enfants non compliants (NC) sur l'observance à 1 mois (M1). Méthodes Un tableau de suivi d'observance à la PPC a été proposé aux enfants NC (<3 h d'utilisation/nuit) à J8 après l'initiation de la PPC. Ce tableau est basé sur un système de points (point vert : j'ai mis ma machine cette nuit ; point rouge : je n'ai pas mis ma machine) à compléter quotidiennement par l'enfant et d'objectifs à atteindre pour recevoir une récompense choisie avec les parents. Une évaluation de l'adhérence à la PPC a été effectuée à M1 après la mise en place du tableau et comparée à l'adhérence à J8, et à celle d'enfants compliants (C). Résultats Les données de 6 enfants NC et 9 enfants C ont été comparées (âge 5 ± 5 vs 5 ± 3 ans, p = 0,953 ; IAH 20 ± 15/h vs 25 ± 16/h, p = 0,550, respectivement). L'adhérence moyenne à J8 du groupe NC était de 1h00 ± 0h33 avec 67 ± 23 % de jours employés, contre 7h16 ± 1h51 et 98 ± 5 % dans le groupe C (p<. 01). L'adhérence à M1 est passée à 4h31 ± 1h12 dans le groupe NC (p<. 001), mais restait plus faible que dans le groupe C (7h27 ± 2h00, p=. 007). Le % de jours employés à M1 est passé à 92 ± 9 % (p=. 086), et était équivalent comparé au groupe C (97 ± 8 %, p=. 17). Conclusion L'implication de l'enfant dans son traitement par PPC permet d'améliorer la compliance au traitement à 1 mois par le biais d'un simple tableau. Déclaration de liens d'intérêts Les auteurs déclarent ne pas avoir de liens d'intérêts.

Research paper thumbnail of Réveils nocturnes et trouble du comportement chez l’enfant de 2 à 5ans dans la cohorte EDEN

Médecine du sommeil, 2016

Impact d'un syndrome d'apnées obstructives du sommeil sur le plan cognitivo-comportemental chez l... more Impact d'un syndrome d'apnées obstructives du sommeil sur le plan cognitivo-comportemental chez l'enfant porteur de Trisomie 21 et évaluation de l'amélioration des performances après traitement

Research paper thumbnail of Étude des réveils nocturnes chez l’enfant de 2 à 5ans dans la cohorte mère-enfant EDEN : approche par trajectoires

Médecine du sommeil, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep duration trajectories associated with levels of specific serum cytokines at age 5: A longitudinal study in preschoolers from the EDEN birth cohort

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health, May 1, 2022

Sleep is essential for optimal child development and health during the life course. However, slee... more Sleep is essential for optimal child development and health during the life course. However, sleep disturbances are common in early childhood and increase the risk of cognitive, metabolic and inflammatory disorders throughout life. Sleep and immunity are mutually linked, and cytokines secreted by immune cells could mediate this interaction. The sleep modulation of cytokines has been studied mostly in adults and adolescents; few studies have focused on school-aged children and none on preschoolers. We hypothesized that night sleep duration affects cytokine levels in preschoolers. In a sample of 687 children from the EDEN French birth cohort, we studied the associations between night sleep duration trajectories from age to 2-5 years old and serum concentrations of four cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], Interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-10, Interferon γ [IFN)-γ] at age 5, adjusting for relevant covariates. As compared with the reference trajectory (≈11h30/night sleep, 37.4% of children), a shorter sleep duration trajectory (<10 ​h/night, 4.5% of children), and changing sleep duration trajectory (≥11h30/night then 10h30/night, 5.6% of children) were associated with higher serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, respectively at age 5. We found no associations between sleep duration trajectories and IL-10 or IFN-γ levels. This first longitudinal study among children aged 2-5 years old suggests an impact of sleep duration on immune activity in early childhood. Our study warrants replication studies in larger cohorts to further explore whether and how immune activity interacts with sleep trajectories to enhance susceptibility to adverse health conditions.

Research paper thumbnail of Allaitement dans la première année de vie et trajectoires d’infections et de symptômes allergiques dans la cohorte mère-enfant EDEN

Revue Francaise D Allergologie, Apr 1, 2019

P. Déchelotte est consultant chez TargEDys SA. G. Lambert est employé(e) de TargEDys SA. R. Legra... more P. Déchelotte est consultant chez TargEDys SA. G. Lambert est employé(e) de TargEDys SA. R. Legrand est employé(e) de TargEDys SA. N. Lucas est employé(e) de TargEDys SA. Les autres auteurs déclarent ne pas avoir de liens d'intérêts.

Research paper thumbnail of Prenatal Diet and Children's Trajectories of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms from 3 to 8 Years: The EDEN Mother-Child Cohort

Journal of Nutrition, 2021

ABSTRACT Background Maternal diet quality during pregnancy has been linked to offspring&amp;a... more ABSTRACT Background Maternal diet quality during pregnancy has been linked to offspring&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s physical and mental health outcomes across the lifespan. However, few studies have examined its association with subsequent offspring&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s anxiety and depression issues. Objectives The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between maternal prenatal dietary patterns and offspring&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s anxiety and depression symptoms from 3 to 8 years. Methods We used data from 1242 children enrolled in the French EDEN (Etude des déterminants pré- et postnatals précoces du développement et de la santé de l&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;enfant) birth cohort. Maternal third trimester dietary patterns—namely, “Healthy” (i.e., high intake in fruit, vegetables, fish, and whole-grain cereals) and “Western” (i.e., high intake in processed and snacking foods) patterns—were evaluated using a validated qualitative FFQ. Children&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s anxiety and depression symptoms (i.e., fears, worries, misery, nervousness, and somatic symptoms) were assessed by mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 3, 5, and 8 years, from which trajectories were derived using group-based trajectory modeling. We used logistic regressions to analyze the associations between maternal dietary patterns and children&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s anxiety and depression symptom trajectories. Results We identified 2 trajectories of anxiety and depression symptoms from 3 to 8 years of age: low to moderate (n = 1058; reference group) and moderately high (n = 184). Maternal low adherence to the Healthy dietary pattern in the third trimester was significantly associated with moderately high children&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s anxiety and depression symptom trajectories from 3 to 8 years (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.40–2.51), in crude and adjusted analyses. The maternal Western dietary pattern was not significantly associated with anxiety and depression symptom trajectories. Conclusions High maternal prenatal adherence to a Healthy dietary pattern was negatively related to anxiety and depression symptoms in children. As maternal diet is a key lifestyle factor, further research should investigate its association with subsequent offspring anxiety and depression symptoms in aiming to later inform prevention strategies focusing on pregnancy.

Research paper thumbnail of Association between dietary patterns reflecting one-carbon metabolism nutrients intake before pregnancy and placental DNA methylation

Epigenetics, Aug 31, 2021

Background: The preconception period represents an important window for fetal and epigenetic prog... more Background: The preconception period represents an important window for fetal and epigenetic programming. Some micronutrients (B vitamins, choline, betaine, methionine) implicated in one-carbon metabolism (OCM) are essential for major epigenetic processes that take place in early pregnancy. However, few studies have evaluated the implication of the micronutrients in placental DNA methylation. Objective: We investigated whether intake of OCM nutrients in the year before pregnancy was associated with placental DNA methylation in the EDEN mother-child cohort. Design: Maternal dietary intake was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. Three dietary patterns, "varied and balanced diet", "vegetarian tendency", and "bread and starchy food", were used to characterize maternal OCM dietary intake. The Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip was used to measure placental DNA methylation of 573 women included in the analyses. We evaluated the association of dietary patterns with global DNA methylation. Then, we conducted an agnostic epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) and investigated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with each dietary pattern. Results: We found no significant association between the three dietary patterns and global DNA methylation or individual CpG sites. DMR analyses highlighted associations between the "varied and balanced" or "vegetarian tendency" pattern and DMRs located at genes previously implicated in functions essential for embryonic development, such as neurodevelopment. The "bread and starchy food" pattern was associated with regions related to genes whose functions involve various metabolic and cell synthesis-related processes. Conclusions: In mainly well-nourished French women without major deficiencies, OCM intake before pregnancy was not associated with major variation in DNA methylation.

Research paper thumbnail of Exposure to screens and children’s language development in the EDEN mother–child cohort

Scientific Reports, Jun 8, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Night-waking and behavior in preschoolers: a developmental trajectory approach

Sleep Medicine, Mar 1, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Growth curves of anthropometric indices in a general population of French children and comparison with reference data

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Jul 5, 2006

Background: The description of growth patterns of the different anthropometric measurements mainl... more Background: The description of growth patterns of the different anthropometric measurements mainly used in epidemiological studies is useful to better understand the development of obesity in children and its consequences. Objective: Our aim was to establish growth curves of anthropometric indices in a general population of French children born during the 1980s and to compare them with the French reference curves based on children born in the 1950s. Design: As part of the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé Studies I and II (FLVS), 441 girls and 467 boys were examined at least twice between 1993 and 2001. Height, weight and four skinfold thicknesses were measured. Body mass index (BMI), sum of peripheral and truncal skinfolds and truncal-to-peripheral ratio were calculated. Mean growth curves from ages 5 to 17 years were assessed for these indices, calculating means and 95% confidence interval per 1 year age group and by gender. Results: Trajectories with age differed importantly according to the index considered; BMI was the one with the smallest difference between genders and the most linear shape with age. From the age of 5 years and after, the FLVS children were on average taller and had a higher subcutaneous adiposity than children born 30 years earlier. Truncal-to-peripheral ratio was higher in our population; this difference became more marked with puberty in girls. Discussion: This study suggests the existence of a secular trend towards a precocious accelerated growth, and a more truncal adiposity distribution, especially in girls. It is a disquieting trend considering its expected consequences on adult health.

Research paper thumbnail of Socioeconomic inequalities in weight, height and body mass index from birth to 5 years

International Journal of Obesity, Aug 17, 2018

Support for the EDEN study (Étude des Déterminants pré-et postnatals précoces du développement et... more Support for the EDEN study (Étude des Déterminants pré-et postnatals précoces du développement et de la santé de l'ENfant) was provided by the following organizations:

Research paper thumbnail of Breastfeeding Duration and Cognitive Development at 2 and 3 Years of Age in the EDEN Mother–Child Cohort

The Journal of Pediatrics, Jul 1, 2013

The authors" responsibilities were as follows: JYB performed the statistical analyses and wrote t... more The authors" responsibilities were as follows: JYB performed the statistical analyses and wrote the first draft of the manuscript under the supervision of BH, MD and MAC ; MAC coordinated the EDEN study and is the guarantor of the present study; MD, MAC and BH designed the current study; BH provided statistical insight; JYB, AF, TA, MB, VC, MK and BLG greatly contributed to the database. All authors reviewed the manuscript, had full access to all the data in the study, and took responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analyses. Financial disclosure Study sponsors were not involved in the study design, data collection, or data analyses. The authors of this manuscript have no conflicts of interest to declare. Support for the EDEN (Etude des Déterminants pré et postnatals précoces du développement et de la santé de l"ENfant) study was provided by the Foundation for Medical Research, the French Ministry of Research: the Institut Fédératif de Recherche program, the

Research paper thumbnail of Exposition aux AGPI-LC dans les premiers mois de vie et neurodéveloppement jusqu’à 3,5 ans des enfants de l’étude ELFE

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Nov 27, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Children’s Diet at 2 Years and Trajectories of Hyperactivity-Inattention Symptoms and Conduct Problems Between 3 and 8 Years: The EDEN Cohort

Journal of Nutrition, Feb 1, 2022

ABSTRACT Background Although the role of diet is increasingly acknowledged in psychiatry, data ar... more ABSTRACT Background Although the role of diet is increasingly acknowledged in psychiatry, data are still scarce regarding its early impact on the most significant behavioral disorders of childhood (i.e., hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problems). Objectives The objective of this study was to explore the relation between children&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s dietary patterns at 2 years and developmental trajectories of hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problems between 3 and 8 years. Methods We recruited 1432 mother-child dyads from the French EDEN (etude sur les déterminants pré- et postnatals du développement et de la santé de l&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;enfant) mother-child cohort to conduct the analyses. Three dietary patterns, labeled guidelines, processed and fast foods, and baby foods, were identified using an FFQ in children aged 2 years in a previous study. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problems at 3, 5, and 8 years of age and build related trajectories from 3 to 8 years. The relation between children&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s dietary patterns at 2 years and the worst developmental trajectories of hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problems were determined with multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for potential socioeconomic, maternal, and child confounders. Results The score on the guidelines dietary pattern was negatively associated with the risk of hyperactivity-inattention problems (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60–0.94), contrary to adherence to the baby foods dietary pattern (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.16–1.71). Conclusions Distinct patterns of children&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s diet at 2 years were predictive of developmental trajectories of hyperactivity-inattention problems between 3 and 8 years. These results highlight the relevance of conducting further studies to clarify the mechanisms involved.

Research paper thumbnail of Impact de la nutrition sur la croissance : 1000 premiers jours de vie

Annales D Endocrinologie, Sep 1, 2020

Les 1000 premiers jours de la conception et a la fin de la seconde annee de vie est la periode ou... more Les 1000 premiers jours de la conception et a la fin de la seconde annee de vie est la periode ou la croissance de l’etre humain est la plus rapide. La croissance au cours de cette periode est intrinsequement liee au developpement qui, partant d’un etre unicellulaire, va aboutir a un corps humain fonctionnel. Ces deux phenomenes sont sous tendus par la disponibilite en macro et micronutriments et s’y adaptent. De ces adaptations, qui peuvent etre d’ordre fonctionnelles ou structurelles, l’organisme va garder trace pour le restant de la vie. La nutrition et ses consequences sur la croissance ont ete a la base du concept des origines developpementales de la sante [1] . La croissance de la taille et du poids a cette periode renseigne sur l’etat de sante immediat de l’enfant mais, au niveau populationnel, elle informe egalement sur la susceptibilite ulterieure d’une population ou de certains de ses sous-groupes a de nombreuses pathologies chroniques. Dans cette presentation, apres le rappel de ces concepts generaux, les relations entre nutrition et croissance pre et post-natales precoces seront illustrees a partir de cohortes de naissance francaises et d’autres pays a situations nutritionnelles contrastees.

Research paper thumbnail of Croissance précoce en fonction de la teneur en protéines des préparations infantiles : résultats des cohortes EDEN et ELFE

Nutrition clinique et métabolisme, Apr 1, 2021

Introduction et but de l’etude Une croissance rapide dans les premiers mois de vie est associee a... more Introduction et but de l’etude Une croissance rapide dans les premiers mois de vie est associee a un risque plus eleve d’obesite plus tard dans la vie. Par ailleurs, des essais controles randomises (ECR) ont montre que les enfants consommant une preparation infantile avec une teneur elevee en proteines (2,90 g de proteines/100 kcal) avaient un poids plus eleve jusqu’a 24 mois que ceux consommant une preparation infantile avec une faible teneur (1,77 g/100 kcal), ces derniers ayant un poids moyen se rapprochant des enfants allaites exclusivement. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette analyse etait d’evaluer l’association entre la teneur en proteines de preparations infantiles, parmi l’ensemble de la gamme disponible en France, et la croissance des enfants jusqu’a 18 mois. Materiel et methodes Les analyses ont combine les donnees de la cohorte mere-enfant EDEN et de la cohorte de naissance Elfe, dont les recrutements se sont deroules respectivement avant et apres la publication de ces essais. Les analyses ont concerne les enfants allaites moins d’un mois, classes en 5 groupes selon la teneur en proteines de la preparation infantile consommee a 4 mois (n = 2574). Une seconde analyse incluant les nourrissons allaites exclusivement pendant au moins 3 mois a egalement ete realisee (n = 5846). Les associations entre la teneur en proteines des preparations infantiles et les z-scores du poids-pour-âge et de l’IMC-pour-âge a 6, 12 et 18 mois ont ete analysees a l’aide de regressions lineaires ajustees sur les principaux facteurs de confusion incluant les IMC parentaux et le z-score a 1 mois du parametre etudie et sur des variables liees aux cohortes. Resultats et analyse statistique La teneur moyenne en proteines dans les preparations infantiles etait superieure dans l’etude EDEN (2,4 g/100 kcal) comparee a l’etude ELFE (2,0 g/100 kcal). L’analyse combinee des donnees des deux cohortes a permis de montrer que la teneur en proteines dans les preparations infantiles consommees a 4 mois etait associee positivement aux z-scores du poids et de l’IMC a 6, 12 et 18 mois (a 6 mois pour 1 g/100 kcal, β[IC95 %] = 0,14 [0,05 ; 0,23] pour le poids et 0,25 [0,16 ; 0,34] pour l’IMC). Ainsi, a 6 mois, par rapport au groupe de teneur intermediaire (2,1–2,5 g/100 kcal), les nourrissons recevant une preparation infantile a teneur en proteines tres elevee (> 2,8 g/100 kcal) avaient un z-score de l’IMC-pour-âge plus eleve (β[IC95 %] = 0,20 [0,01 ; 0,39]) tandis que ceux du groupe a tres faible teneur en proteines ( Conclusion La publication des resultats des ECR s’est accompagnee d’une baisse de la teneur moyenne en proteines des preparations infantiles. Nos resultats ont permis de confirmer, en conditions reelles d’utilisation, l’association positive entre les teneurs en proteines disponibles dans les preparations infantiles et la croissance du poids et de l’IMC jusqu’a 18 mois. Des analyses avec la croissance future seront aussi realisees.

Research paper thumbnail of Night sleep duration trajectories and associated factors among preschool children from the EDEN cohort

Sleep Medicine, Aug 1, 2018

a,b ; on behalf of the EDEN mother-child cohort study group.

Research paper thumbnail of Pratiques alimentaires dans la petite enfance et caractéristiques du sommeil entre 2 et 5–6 ans dans la cohorte EDEN

Médecine du sommeil, Mar 1, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Night-waking trajectories and associated factors in French preschoolers from the EDEN birth-cohort

Sleep Medicine, Nov 1, 2016

Night-waking in preschoolers has been associated with adverse health outcomes in cross sectional ... more Night-waking in preschoolers has been associated with adverse health outcomes in cross sectional studies but is rarely analyzed in a longitudinal setting. Therefore, little is known about the evolution of night-waking in early childhood. The objectives were first, to identify night-waking trajectories in preschoolers and secondly, to examine risk factors associated with those trajectories. Analyses were based on the French birth-cohort study EDEN, which recruited 2002 pregnant women between 2003 and 2006. Data on child's night-waking at age 2, 3 and 5-6 and potential confounders were collected through parental self-reported questionnaires. Night-waking trajectories were computerized using group-based trajectory modeling on 1346 children. We identified two distinct developmental patterns. The "2 to 5 rare night-waking" (77% of the children) and the "2 to 5 common night-waking". Logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with the trajectories. Risk factors for belonging to the "2 to 5 common night-waking" trajectory were exposure to passive smoking at home, daycare in a collective setting, watching television for extended periods, bottle-feeding at night, high emotionality and low shyness. This approach allowed us to identify risk factors associated with nightwaking during a critical age window, and laid the groundwork for identifying children at higher risk of deleterious sleep patterns. Those risk factors are mainly living habits, pointing towards the fact that prevention and intervention programs could be highly beneficial in this population.

Research paper thumbnail of Trajectoires jointes de réveils nocturnes et de difficultés d’attention chez l’enfant de 2 à 5 ans dans la cohorte EDEN

Médecine du sommeil, Mar 1, 2017

Objectif Le SAOS retient de plus en plus l'attention des néphrologues. Le critère principal de l'... more Objectif Le SAOS retient de plus en plus l'attention des néphrologues. Le critère principal de l'étude était de déterminer la prévalence de MRC défini par la persistance d'un DFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m 2 sur au moins deux examens successifs chez les patients ayant des symptômes du SAOS. La qualité de vie et les comorbidités ont également été évaluées.

Research paper thumbnail of P49Trajectoires de durée de sommeil nocturne entre 2 et 5 ans, masse grasse et masse maigre à 5 ans chez les enfants de la cohorte EDEN

Médecine du sommeil, Mar 1, 2017

Objectif Peu d'études se sont intéressées à l'amélioration de l'observance à la PPC chez l'enfant... more Objectif Peu d'études se sont intéressées à l'amélioration de l'observance à la PPC chez l'enfant avec un SAOS. Hors l'adhérence à la PPC à 8 jours (J8) semble déterminante pour l'utilisation au long cours. L'objectif de notre étude était d'évaluer l'efficacité d'un tableau de suivi de l'observance à la PPC chez des enfants non compliants (NC) sur l'observance à 1 mois (M1). Méthodes Un tableau de suivi d'observance à la PPC a été proposé aux enfants NC (<3 h d'utilisation/nuit) à J8 après l'initiation de la PPC. Ce tableau est basé sur un système de points (point vert : j'ai mis ma machine cette nuit ; point rouge : je n'ai pas mis ma machine) à compléter quotidiennement par l'enfant et d'objectifs à atteindre pour recevoir une récompense choisie avec les parents. Une évaluation de l'adhérence à la PPC a été effectuée à M1 après la mise en place du tableau et comparée à l'adhérence à J8, et à celle d'enfants compliants (C). Résultats Les données de 6 enfants NC et 9 enfants C ont été comparées (âge 5 ± 5 vs 5 ± 3 ans, p = 0,953 ; IAH 20 ± 15/h vs 25 ± 16/h, p = 0,550, respectivement). L'adhérence moyenne à J8 du groupe NC était de 1h00 ± 0h33 avec 67 ± 23 % de jours employés, contre 7h16 ± 1h51 et 98 ± 5 % dans le groupe C (p<. 01). L'adhérence à M1 est passée à 4h31 ± 1h12 dans le groupe NC (p<. 001), mais restait plus faible que dans le groupe C (7h27 ± 2h00, p=. 007). Le % de jours employés à M1 est passé à 92 ± 9 % (p=. 086), et était équivalent comparé au groupe C (97 ± 8 %, p=. 17). Conclusion L'implication de l'enfant dans son traitement par PPC permet d'améliorer la compliance au traitement à 1 mois par le biais d'un simple tableau. Déclaration de liens d'intérêts Les auteurs déclarent ne pas avoir de liens d'intérêts.

Research paper thumbnail of Réveils nocturnes et trouble du comportement chez l’enfant de 2 à 5ans dans la cohorte EDEN

Médecine du sommeil, 2016

Impact d'un syndrome d'apnées obstructives du sommeil sur le plan cognitivo-comportemental chez l... more Impact d'un syndrome d'apnées obstructives du sommeil sur le plan cognitivo-comportemental chez l'enfant porteur de Trisomie 21 et évaluation de l'amélioration des performances après traitement

Research paper thumbnail of Étude des réveils nocturnes chez l’enfant de 2 à 5ans dans la cohorte mère-enfant EDEN : approche par trajectoires

Médecine du sommeil, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep duration trajectories associated with levels of specific serum cytokines at age 5: A longitudinal study in preschoolers from the EDEN birth cohort

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health, May 1, 2022

Sleep is essential for optimal child development and health during the life course. However, slee... more Sleep is essential for optimal child development and health during the life course. However, sleep disturbances are common in early childhood and increase the risk of cognitive, metabolic and inflammatory disorders throughout life. Sleep and immunity are mutually linked, and cytokines secreted by immune cells could mediate this interaction. The sleep modulation of cytokines has been studied mostly in adults and adolescents; few studies have focused on school-aged children and none on preschoolers. We hypothesized that night sleep duration affects cytokine levels in preschoolers. In a sample of 687 children from the EDEN French birth cohort, we studied the associations between night sleep duration trajectories from age to 2-5 years old and serum concentrations of four cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], Interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-10, Interferon γ [IFN)-γ] at age 5, adjusting for relevant covariates. As compared with the reference trajectory (≈11h30/night sleep, 37.4% of children), a shorter sleep duration trajectory (<10 ​h/night, 4.5% of children), and changing sleep duration trajectory (≥11h30/night then 10h30/night, 5.6% of children) were associated with higher serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, respectively at age 5. We found no associations between sleep duration trajectories and IL-10 or IFN-γ levels. This first longitudinal study among children aged 2-5 years old suggests an impact of sleep duration on immune activity in early childhood. Our study warrants replication studies in larger cohorts to further explore whether and how immune activity interacts with sleep trajectories to enhance susceptibility to adverse health conditions.