Barbara przybylska- Gornowicz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Barbara przybylska- Gornowicz

Research paper thumbnail of Domestic

serotonin content and plasma melatonin level in the

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of dietary faba bean and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes on the growth performance and gut physiology of young turkeys

Animal, 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary replacement of soya bean meal (SBM... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary replacement of soya bean meal (SBM) with faba bean (FB) and a blend of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) degrading enzymes on the gastrointestinal function, growth performance and welfare of young turkeys (1 to 56 days of age). An experiment with a 2×2 factorial design was performed to compare the efficacy of four diets: a SBM-based diet and a diet containing FB, with and without enzyme supplementation (C, FB, CE and FBE, respectively). In comparison with groups C, higher dry matter content and lower viscosity of the small intestinal digesta were noted in groups FB. The content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the small intestinal digesta was higher in groups FB, but SCFA concentrations in the caecal digesta were comparable in groups C and FB. In comparison with control groups, similar BW gains, higher feed conversion ratio (FCR), higher dry matter content of excreta and milder symptoms of footpad dermatitis (FPD) wer...

Research paper thumbnail of Histology and ultrastructure of the pineal organ in the domestic goose

Histology and histopathology, 2006

The pineal organs of 14-week-old domestic geese were investigated with light and electron microsc... more The pineal organs of 14-week-old domestic geese were investigated with light and electron microscopy. The pineals consisted of a wide distal part and a narrow middle-proximal one. The glands were attached to the intercommissural region via the choroid plexus. The pineal parenchyma was formed by round or elongated follicles. The follicular wall was composed predominantly by cells immunoreactive with antibodies against hydroxyindolo-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) or glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). They formed two or more layers. HIOMT-positive elements were represented by elongated cells bordering the follicular lumen and oval cells located in the external layer of the follicular wall. These cells were identified in ultrastructural studies as rudimentary-receptor pinealocytes and secretory pinealocytes, respectively. Among rudimentary-receptor pinealocytes two types of cells, designed as A and B, were distinguished due to structural differences. Type A cells extended through the wh...

Research paper thumbnail of Badania nad wplywem preparatu ziolowego podawanego maciorom na ultrastrukture komorek trzustki zewnatrzwydzielniczej u prosiat

Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Wpływ monotonicznej diet z niską dawką zearalenonu na profil metabolioczny i aktywność jajnika niedojrzałych płciowo suk rasy Beagle

Research paper thumbnail of Abnormal morphology of skeletal muscles in meat-type chickens--ultrastructural observations

Polish journal of veterinary sciences, 2009

In order to determine the effect of different production systems on muscle ultrastructure in meat... more In order to determine the effect of different production systems on muscle ultrastructure in meat-type chickens, we examined m. gastrocnemius and m. pectoralis superficialis in two lines of chickens (Anak Titan and Isa 215) raised in three different technological systems (indoors in a conventional facility, indoors with limited outdoor access and outdoors with an umbrella roof). Our previous study showed some abnormalities in the histological structure of these muscles. We hypothesized that electron microscopy, having a strategic position in muscle examination, would provide insight into changes in muscle tissue revealed by light microscopy. The results of the study indicate that the muscles examined undergo ultrastructural alterations regardless of the muscle type, chicken line and production system. The abnormalities observed in the present study were found to affect many aspects of fiber ultrastructure impairing function of the myofibrillar apparatus--the structure of mitochondri...

Research paper thumbnail of Diurnal rhythm of plasma melatonin levels in immature gilts during long summer days

Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Distribution of NADPH-diaphorase activity in the pineal gland of the Turkey

Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society, 2002

NADPH-diaphorase activity was histochemically demonstrated in the nerve fibers, neuronal-like cel... more NADPH-diaphorase activity was histochemically demonstrated in the nerve fibers, neuronal-like cell bodies and in the endothelial cells of the vasculature in the pineal gland of the turkey. The nerve fibers were localized in the choroid plexus, connecting the pineal gland with the diencephalon as well as inside the pineal gland, where they formed basket-like structures around the pineal follicles. A group of neuronal-like cell bodies was observed in the proximal part of the gland. The positive staining was not observed in the pinealocytes of rudimentary-photoreceptor type and in the supporting cells.

Research paper thumbnail of The ultrastructure of the pineal gland in the goat

Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Melatonin in germinated legume seeds as a potentially significant agent for health

Research paper thumbnail of Neuropeptide Y as a presynaptic modulator of norepinephrine release from the sympathetic nerve fibers in the pig pineal gland

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2015

Norepinephrine (NE) released from the sympathetic nerve endings is the main neurotransmitter cont... more Norepinephrine (NE) released from the sympathetic nerve endings is the main neurotransmitter controlling melatonin synthesis in the mammalian pineal gland. Although neuropeptide Y (NPY) co-exists with NE in the pineal sympathetic nerve fibers it also occurs in a population of non-adrenergic nerve fibers located in this gland. The role of NPY in pineal physiology is still enigmatic. The present study characterizes the effect of NPY on the depolarization-evokedThe explants of the pig pineal gland were loaded withNPY (0.1 – 10 μM) significantly decreased the depolarization-inducedThe results show that NPY is involved in the regulation of NE release from the sympathetic terminals in the pig pineal gland, inhibiting this process via Y

Research paper thumbnail of Distribution of growth associated protein (GAP-43) immunoreactivity in nerve fibers supplying the pig pineal gland

Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society, 2001

An immunohistochemical study of the pig pineal gland was carried out using monoclonal mouse antis... more An immunohistochemical study of the pig pineal gland was carried out using monoclonal mouse antiserum against growth-associated protein GAP-43. The pineal glands were obtained from the 3, 5, 8 weeks old piglets. The immunopositive nerve fibers were observed in the pineal gland as well as in the habenular and the posterior comissural areas. They formed a dense network in the habenular area and the proximal part of the pineal gland. In the comissural area and in the apical part of the gland. single positive fibers were observed. The obtained results may suggest a difference in the plasticity of innervation between the particular regions of the pineal gland.

Research paper thumbnail of Localization of NADPH-diaphorase activity in the pineal gland of the domestic pig

Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society, 2001

The study showed the presence of NADPH-diaphorase containing structures in the pineal gland of th... more The study showed the presence of NADPH-diaphorase containing structures in the pineal gland of the domestic pig. NADPH-diaphorase activity was found in the nerve fibers and in the endothelial cells of the vasculature. The nerve fibers were localized in the capsule, around the blood vessels as well as in the parenchyma. The positive staining was not observed in the pig pinealocytes.

Research paper thumbnail of An immunohistochemical study on the postnatal changes in the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON)--positive nerve fibers in pineal gland of the pig

Roczniki Akademii Medycznej w Białymstoku (1995), 1997

Postnatal development of innervation of the porcine pineal gland by C-terminal flanking peptide o... more Postnatal development of innervation of the porcine pineal gland by C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON)-immunoreactive nerve fibers was examined using the immunohistochemical technique. CPON-positive nerve fibers appeared in the pineal gland of the new-born piglets and formed plexus in the capsula and connective tissue septa of the gland. The nerve terminals branched off from the plexus and penetrated into adjacent parenchyma. The number of nerve fibers immunoreactive to CPON in parenchyma is very low in new-born and 20-day-old piglets. In 7-month-old pigs they created a dense network.

Research paper thumbnail of Cytochemical localization of monoamine oxidase in the pig pineal gland

Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society, 1994

Monoamine oxidase plays an important role in the regulation of monoamine levels in the pineal gla... more Monoamine oxidase plays an important role in the regulation of monoamine levels in the pineal gland by oxidative deamination of serotonin to 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid. The ultrastructural sites of this process are still not well known. In the present study the pig pineal glands were examined by using two cytochemical methods for demonstration of MAO activity at the ultrastructural level. The use of selective inhibitors of MAO-A (clorgyline and amiflamine) and MAO-B (deprenyl) showed that MAO-A was localized predominantly in noradrenergic nerve terminals as well as in the cell membrane of endothelial cells. MAO-B activity was localized in pinealocytes. However, in the outer membranes of cytoplasmic dense bodies, which are characteristic cytoplasmic structures of pig pinealocyte, we noticed the activity of both MAO-A and MAO-B enzymes. The MAO-A was localized exclusively in dense bodies within bulbous ending of pinealocyte processes present in the perivascular space. Our results sho...

Research paper thumbnail of Wpływ narażenia niskimi dawkami zearalenonu i deoksyniwalenolu niedojrzałych płciowo loszek na wyniki badań morfometrycznych błony śluzowej jelita czczego

Research paper thumbnail of Adrenergic control of pinealocyte chondriome – an in vitro study

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2016

Norepinephrine released from sympathetic innervation plays the main role in the regulation of mel... more Norepinephrine released from sympathetic innervation plays the main role in the regulation of melatonin secretion in mammalian pinealocytes. The present study was conducted for the following reasons: 1) to establish whether the pinealocyte chondriome is controlled by norepinephrine, 2) to determine the effect of adrenergic stimulation on mitochondria, and 3) to characterize adrenoceptors involved in the regulation of the chondriome.The static organ culture of the pineal gland was used. The explants were incubated for 5 consecutive days in control medium and between 20:00 and 08:00 in medium with the presence of 10 μM norepinephrine – adrenergic agonist; isoproterenol – beta-adrenoceptor agonist; cirazoline, methoxamine, M-6364 – alfaThe incubation of explants in the presence of norepinephrine or isoproterenol caused a decrease in the relative volume and the numerical density of mitochondria and induced an increase in the percentage of free mitochondria in pinealocytes. Significant c...

Research paper thumbnail of Beneficial effects of increasing dietary levels of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus) seed meal on productivity parameters and gastrointestinal tract physiology in eight-week-old turkeys

Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2016

Abstract The effect of different dietary levels of raw yellow lupine seed meal (YLM) on the devel... more Abstract The effect of different dietary levels of raw yellow lupine seed meal (YLM) on the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), nutrient digestibility, the histological structure of intestinal mucosa, the composition and enzyme activity of gut microbiota and growth performance was evaluated in young turkeys. One-day-old Hybrid Converter female turkeys were fed four different diets for 56 days: diet L0 (control) without YLM, and diets L80, L160 and L240 containing 80, 160 and 240 g/kg of YLM, respectively. The increasing dietary inclusion levels of YLM, added at the expense of soybean meal and wheat, contributed to an increase in the concentrations of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in experimental diets. Even though daily feed intake decreased linearly in YLM treatments, feed utilization and the body weight gains of birds (in the latter case, particularly in 80 and 160 g/kg treatments) were positively affected by increasing YLM inclusion levels. A linear increase was observed in the apparent digestibility coefficients of neutral detergent fiber and crude fat with the progressive replacement of SBM and wheat by YLM. The elevated dietary levels of YLM led to a linear increase (P

Research paper thumbnail of Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-immunoreactive (PACAP-IR) nerve fibers in the pig pineal gland

Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society, 2002

The present study demonstrates the occurrence of PACAP-immunoreactive (PACAP-IR) nerve fibers in ... more The present study demonstrates the occurrence of PACAP-immunoreactive (PACAP-IR) nerve fibers in different compartments of the pig pineal gland, including glandular capsule (where they form a very dense network) and subependymal tissue close to the pineal recess (moderate to dense meshwork of varicose fibers). Furthermore, several varicose fibers penetrate from the capsule into the connective tissue septa and then into the parenchyma, where they form unequally distributed, fine network and, in some cases, basket-like structures around pinealocytes. Some of the PACAP-IR nerve fibers, observed both in the habenular and posterior epithalamic areas, extend to the pineal gland. PACAP-IR cells could be demonstrated neither in the pineal gland, nor in epithalamic areas.

Research paper thumbnail of Leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity in the pig pineal gland

Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society, 2002

Leu-enkephalin-positive structures in the pig pineal gland were demonstrated immunohistochemicall... more Leu-enkephalin-positive structures in the pig pineal gland were demonstrated immunohistochemically using mouse monoclonal antibody. The pineal glands were obtained from the newborn, 21-day and 7-month old female pig. The immunopositive nerve fibers were observed in the pineal gland as well as in the epithalamic areas. The leu-enkephalin-immunoreactive nerve fibers (single or forming small bundles) were localized mainly in the proximal part of the pineal and they were scarce in other parts. The localization of the fibers points to a central source of this innervation. The study did not show any age-dependent differences in the distribution and density of leu-ekephalin-positive nerve fibers.

Research paper thumbnail of Domestic

serotonin content and plasma melatonin level in the

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of dietary faba bean and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes on the growth performance and gut physiology of young turkeys

Animal, 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary replacement of soya bean meal (SBM... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary replacement of soya bean meal (SBM) with faba bean (FB) and a blend of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) degrading enzymes on the gastrointestinal function, growth performance and welfare of young turkeys (1 to 56 days of age). An experiment with a 2×2 factorial design was performed to compare the efficacy of four diets: a SBM-based diet and a diet containing FB, with and without enzyme supplementation (C, FB, CE and FBE, respectively). In comparison with groups C, higher dry matter content and lower viscosity of the small intestinal digesta were noted in groups FB. The content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the small intestinal digesta was higher in groups FB, but SCFA concentrations in the caecal digesta were comparable in groups C and FB. In comparison with control groups, similar BW gains, higher feed conversion ratio (FCR), higher dry matter content of excreta and milder symptoms of footpad dermatitis (FPD) wer...

Research paper thumbnail of Histology and ultrastructure of the pineal organ in the domestic goose

Histology and histopathology, 2006

The pineal organs of 14-week-old domestic geese were investigated with light and electron microsc... more The pineal organs of 14-week-old domestic geese were investigated with light and electron microscopy. The pineals consisted of a wide distal part and a narrow middle-proximal one. The glands were attached to the intercommissural region via the choroid plexus. The pineal parenchyma was formed by round or elongated follicles. The follicular wall was composed predominantly by cells immunoreactive with antibodies against hydroxyindolo-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) or glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). They formed two or more layers. HIOMT-positive elements were represented by elongated cells bordering the follicular lumen and oval cells located in the external layer of the follicular wall. These cells were identified in ultrastructural studies as rudimentary-receptor pinealocytes and secretory pinealocytes, respectively. Among rudimentary-receptor pinealocytes two types of cells, designed as A and B, were distinguished due to structural differences. Type A cells extended through the wh...

Research paper thumbnail of Badania nad wplywem preparatu ziolowego podawanego maciorom na ultrastrukture komorek trzustki zewnatrzwydzielniczej u prosiat

Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Wpływ monotonicznej diet z niską dawką zearalenonu na profil metabolioczny i aktywność jajnika niedojrzałych płciowo suk rasy Beagle

Research paper thumbnail of Abnormal morphology of skeletal muscles in meat-type chickens--ultrastructural observations

Polish journal of veterinary sciences, 2009

In order to determine the effect of different production systems on muscle ultrastructure in meat... more In order to determine the effect of different production systems on muscle ultrastructure in meat-type chickens, we examined m. gastrocnemius and m. pectoralis superficialis in two lines of chickens (Anak Titan and Isa 215) raised in three different technological systems (indoors in a conventional facility, indoors with limited outdoor access and outdoors with an umbrella roof). Our previous study showed some abnormalities in the histological structure of these muscles. We hypothesized that electron microscopy, having a strategic position in muscle examination, would provide insight into changes in muscle tissue revealed by light microscopy. The results of the study indicate that the muscles examined undergo ultrastructural alterations regardless of the muscle type, chicken line and production system. The abnormalities observed in the present study were found to affect many aspects of fiber ultrastructure impairing function of the myofibrillar apparatus--the structure of mitochondri...

Research paper thumbnail of Diurnal rhythm of plasma melatonin levels in immature gilts during long summer days

Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Distribution of NADPH-diaphorase activity in the pineal gland of the Turkey

Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society, 2002

NADPH-diaphorase activity was histochemically demonstrated in the nerve fibers, neuronal-like cel... more NADPH-diaphorase activity was histochemically demonstrated in the nerve fibers, neuronal-like cell bodies and in the endothelial cells of the vasculature in the pineal gland of the turkey. The nerve fibers were localized in the choroid plexus, connecting the pineal gland with the diencephalon as well as inside the pineal gland, where they formed basket-like structures around the pineal follicles. A group of neuronal-like cell bodies was observed in the proximal part of the gland. The positive staining was not observed in the pinealocytes of rudimentary-photoreceptor type and in the supporting cells.

Research paper thumbnail of The ultrastructure of the pineal gland in the goat

Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Melatonin in germinated legume seeds as a potentially significant agent for health

Research paper thumbnail of Neuropeptide Y as a presynaptic modulator of norepinephrine release from the sympathetic nerve fibers in the pig pineal gland

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2015

Norepinephrine (NE) released from the sympathetic nerve endings is the main neurotransmitter cont... more Norepinephrine (NE) released from the sympathetic nerve endings is the main neurotransmitter controlling melatonin synthesis in the mammalian pineal gland. Although neuropeptide Y (NPY) co-exists with NE in the pineal sympathetic nerve fibers it also occurs in a population of non-adrenergic nerve fibers located in this gland. The role of NPY in pineal physiology is still enigmatic. The present study characterizes the effect of NPY on the depolarization-evokedThe explants of the pig pineal gland were loaded withNPY (0.1 – 10 μM) significantly decreased the depolarization-inducedThe results show that NPY is involved in the regulation of NE release from the sympathetic terminals in the pig pineal gland, inhibiting this process via Y

Research paper thumbnail of Distribution of growth associated protein (GAP-43) immunoreactivity in nerve fibers supplying the pig pineal gland

Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society, 2001

An immunohistochemical study of the pig pineal gland was carried out using monoclonal mouse antis... more An immunohistochemical study of the pig pineal gland was carried out using monoclonal mouse antiserum against growth-associated protein GAP-43. The pineal glands were obtained from the 3, 5, 8 weeks old piglets. The immunopositive nerve fibers were observed in the pineal gland as well as in the habenular and the posterior comissural areas. They formed a dense network in the habenular area and the proximal part of the pineal gland. In the comissural area and in the apical part of the gland. single positive fibers were observed. The obtained results may suggest a difference in the plasticity of innervation between the particular regions of the pineal gland.

Research paper thumbnail of Localization of NADPH-diaphorase activity in the pineal gland of the domestic pig

Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society, 2001

The study showed the presence of NADPH-diaphorase containing structures in the pineal gland of th... more The study showed the presence of NADPH-diaphorase containing structures in the pineal gland of the domestic pig. NADPH-diaphorase activity was found in the nerve fibers and in the endothelial cells of the vasculature. The nerve fibers were localized in the capsule, around the blood vessels as well as in the parenchyma. The positive staining was not observed in the pig pinealocytes.

Research paper thumbnail of An immunohistochemical study on the postnatal changes in the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON)--positive nerve fibers in pineal gland of the pig

Roczniki Akademii Medycznej w Białymstoku (1995), 1997

Postnatal development of innervation of the porcine pineal gland by C-terminal flanking peptide o... more Postnatal development of innervation of the porcine pineal gland by C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON)-immunoreactive nerve fibers was examined using the immunohistochemical technique. CPON-positive nerve fibers appeared in the pineal gland of the new-born piglets and formed plexus in the capsula and connective tissue septa of the gland. The nerve terminals branched off from the plexus and penetrated into adjacent parenchyma. The number of nerve fibers immunoreactive to CPON in parenchyma is very low in new-born and 20-day-old piglets. In 7-month-old pigs they created a dense network.

Research paper thumbnail of Cytochemical localization of monoamine oxidase in the pig pineal gland

Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society, 1994

Monoamine oxidase plays an important role in the regulation of monoamine levels in the pineal gla... more Monoamine oxidase plays an important role in the regulation of monoamine levels in the pineal gland by oxidative deamination of serotonin to 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid. The ultrastructural sites of this process are still not well known. In the present study the pig pineal glands were examined by using two cytochemical methods for demonstration of MAO activity at the ultrastructural level. The use of selective inhibitors of MAO-A (clorgyline and amiflamine) and MAO-B (deprenyl) showed that MAO-A was localized predominantly in noradrenergic nerve terminals as well as in the cell membrane of endothelial cells. MAO-B activity was localized in pinealocytes. However, in the outer membranes of cytoplasmic dense bodies, which are characteristic cytoplasmic structures of pig pinealocyte, we noticed the activity of both MAO-A and MAO-B enzymes. The MAO-A was localized exclusively in dense bodies within bulbous ending of pinealocyte processes present in the perivascular space. Our results sho...

Research paper thumbnail of Wpływ narażenia niskimi dawkami zearalenonu i deoksyniwalenolu niedojrzałych płciowo loszek na wyniki badań morfometrycznych błony śluzowej jelita czczego

Research paper thumbnail of Adrenergic control of pinealocyte chondriome – an in vitro study

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2016

Norepinephrine released from sympathetic innervation plays the main role in the regulation of mel... more Norepinephrine released from sympathetic innervation plays the main role in the regulation of melatonin secretion in mammalian pinealocytes. The present study was conducted for the following reasons: 1) to establish whether the pinealocyte chondriome is controlled by norepinephrine, 2) to determine the effect of adrenergic stimulation on mitochondria, and 3) to characterize adrenoceptors involved in the regulation of the chondriome.The static organ culture of the pineal gland was used. The explants were incubated for 5 consecutive days in control medium and between 20:00 and 08:00 in medium with the presence of 10 μM norepinephrine – adrenergic agonist; isoproterenol – beta-adrenoceptor agonist; cirazoline, methoxamine, M-6364 – alfaThe incubation of explants in the presence of norepinephrine or isoproterenol caused a decrease in the relative volume and the numerical density of mitochondria and induced an increase in the percentage of free mitochondria in pinealocytes. Significant c...

Research paper thumbnail of Beneficial effects of increasing dietary levels of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus) seed meal on productivity parameters and gastrointestinal tract physiology in eight-week-old turkeys

Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2016

Abstract The effect of different dietary levels of raw yellow lupine seed meal (YLM) on the devel... more Abstract The effect of different dietary levels of raw yellow lupine seed meal (YLM) on the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), nutrient digestibility, the histological structure of intestinal mucosa, the composition and enzyme activity of gut microbiota and growth performance was evaluated in young turkeys. One-day-old Hybrid Converter female turkeys were fed four different diets for 56 days: diet L0 (control) without YLM, and diets L80, L160 and L240 containing 80, 160 and 240 g/kg of YLM, respectively. The increasing dietary inclusion levels of YLM, added at the expense of soybean meal and wheat, contributed to an increase in the concentrations of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in experimental diets. Even though daily feed intake decreased linearly in YLM treatments, feed utilization and the body weight gains of birds (in the latter case, particularly in 80 and 160 g/kg treatments) were positively affected by increasing YLM inclusion levels. A linear increase was observed in the apparent digestibility coefficients of neutral detergent fiber and crude fat with the progressive replacement of SBM and wheat by YLM. The elevated dietary levels of YLM led to a linear increase (P

Research paper thumbnail of Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-immunoreactive (PACAP-IR) nerve fibers in the pig pineal gland

Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society, 2002

The present study demonstrates the occurrence of PACAP-immunoreactive (PACAP-IR) nerve fibers in ... more The present study demonstrates the occurrence of PACAP-immunoreactive (PACAP-IR) nerve fibers in different compartments of the pig pineal gland, including glandular capsule (where they form a very dense network) and subependymal tissue close to the pineal recess (moderate to dense meshwork of varicose fibers). Furthermore, several varicose fibers penetrate from the capsule into the connective tissue septa and then into the parenchyma, where they form unequally distributed, fine network and, in some cases, basket-like structures around pinealocytes. Some of the PACAP-IR nerve fibers, observed both in the habenular and posterior epithalamic areas, extend to the pineal gland. PACAP-IR cells could be demonstrated neither in the pineal gland, nor in epithalamic areas.

Research paper thumbnail of Leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity in the pig pineal gland

Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society, 2002

Leu-enkephalin-positive structures in the pig pineal gland were demonstrated immunohistochemicall... more Leu-enkephalin-positive structures in the pig pineal gland were demonstrated immunohistochemically using mouse monoclonal antibody. The pineal glands were obtained from the newborn, 21-day and 7-month old female pig. The immunopositive nerve fibers were observed in the pineal gland as well as in the epithalamic areas. The leu-enkephalin-immunoreactive nerve fibers (single or forming small bundles) were localized mainly in the proximal part of the pineal and they were scarce in other parts. The localization of the fibers points to a central source of this innervation. The study did not show any age-dependent differences in the distribution and density of leu-ekephalin-positive nerve fibers.