Simon Barraclough - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Simon Barraclough
Journal of Political Ecology
Persuasion, a vital element in commercial marketing, is also an essential tool for the winning an... more Persuasion, a vital element in commercial marketing, is also an essential tool for the winning and maintenance of political power. Corporations seek to persuade customers to purchase their products and services but may also need to influence wider public opinion and political decision-makers in ways that serve their interests. In this article, we present an account of environmental-related conflict in Malaysia and the use of persuasion in the discourse of an Australian transnational mining corporation and its supporters. We analyse the strategies used by the corporation as it engages in intense conflict with environmental campaigners and concerned residents following its moves to establish the world's largest rare earth metals extraction plant in peninsular Malaysia. Following the political ecology perspective, we note that the efforts at persuasion used by the corporation have been actively backed by the Malaysian state itself. This is not simply a case of environmental conflict but strongly connected to the underlying political economy of Malaysia-a country with an authoritarian regime where corruption and 'crony capitalism' are rife, and public opinion is often ignored or consistently manipulated by government-controlled mass media.
European Journal of Public Health, 2020
Background When policy implementation is not regularly monitored and evaluated, it risks irreleva... more Background When policy implementation is not regularly monitored and evaluated, it risks irrelevance to changing conditions and, over time, its original purpose can even be forgotten. In 1975, the government of Botswana instituted co-payments for public healthcare, a policy which has remained largely unaltered since its introduction with the exception of two increases in the fee-level. Therefore, this study aims to critically analyze the institutional design and operation of Botswana's co-payment policy for public healthcare. Methods Using documentary analysis and interviews with 32 key informants, Botswana's longstanding policy requiring a modest co-payment in public healthcare facilities was analysed. Data were analysed thematically in an inductive way. Results The findings revealed the policy was not monitored, rarely evaluated and became both ineffective and inefficient, costing more to administer than was received in revenue. The Ministry of Health and Wellness no longe...
Singapore has achieved high levels of human security, overcoming the socio-economic instability a... more Singapore has achieved high levels of human security, overcoming the socio-economic instability and poverty of its early days of independence in the mid 1960s. It is now a high-income, technologically advanced nation, providing its population with access to housing, healthcare and education. High standards of healthcare and positive indicators attest to population health security, despite the crisis of the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) pandemic. Despite this enviable position, Singapore has not been noted for regional and global engagement with human security and human rights, although this insular outlook is beginning to change. It is argued here that Singapore, as an emerging international “health hub”, scientific and educational center, has both the capacity and motivation to play a greater role in supporting health security, both regionally and globally.
Australia and New Zealand health policy, Jan 21, 2005
A survey for the year 2003 of significant developments in Australia's official international ... more A survey for the year 2003 of significant developments in Australia's official international health relations, and their domestic ramifications, is presented. The discussion is set within the broader context of Australian foreign policy. Sources include official documents, media reports and consultations with officers of the Department of Health and Ageing responsible for international linkages.
Australian health review : a publication of the Australian Hospital Association, 1994
Although constrained by Federal financial dominance, State governments can, nevertheless, signifi... more Although constrained by Federal financial dominance, State governments can, nevertheless, significantly shape a number of aspects of health policy within their own jurisdiction. New governments often seek to implement both substantive and symbolic policy changes. This is often also accompanied by alterations to organisational structures and personnel with a view to making implementation more effective. This article chronicles the continuities and changes in health services policy in the first year of the Liberal-National Coalition State Government in Victoria. These include institutional changes, key ministerial and bureaucratic appointments, health workforce issues, health services funding decisions, public and community health, and relations with the Federal Government. The decision-making style of the new government is also discussed. The authors regard the economic imperatives of Victoria's severe deficit as the dominant influence in all areas of public policy, including hea...
Tobacco Control, 1999
Objectives-To present a broad exploration of the relationship of women and tobacco in Indonesia a... more Objectives-To present a broad exploration of the relationship of women and tobacco in Indonesia and to describe action on tobacco and health specific to women taken by government and non-government agencies. Data sources-Published and unpublished prevalence surveys, oYcial documents, vernacular newspapers, secondary sources, unstructured interviews, and personal observations. Study selection-Data on smoking prevalence among women was primarily sought from oYcial household surveys but several smaller scale local surveys were also examined. The only representative national household data on smoking prevalence from 1995 suggested a national prevalence for occasional and regular smoking of 2.6% for women aged 20 years or older. Smaller, local level surveys had reported rates varying from 4% for junior high school girls, and 2.9% for women undergraduates at a provincial university, to 6.4% of women in a representative sample in Jakarta. Claims that the incidence of female smoking is increasing cannot be confirmed due to an absence of comparable national longitudinal data. Conclusion-Although Indonesian women are conspicuous in growing and processing tobacco, their rates of smoking are low in comparison with their male compatriots and internationally. Anecdotal evidence suggests that their disinclination to smoke is commonly attributed to cultural values, which stigmatise women smokers as morally flawed, while at the same time sanctioning smoking by men. Although there is little evidence of tobacco advertising directly targeting women, Indonesian health activists interviewed by the author felt that women are increasingly taking up smoking due to a weakening of stigma and to Western cultural influences. Cultural factors in the low rates of smoking among Indonesian women deserve closer investigation as they have proved to be a major source of health protection, albeit within a stigmatising context. More also needs to be known about the dynamics of female tobacco use in Indonesia and the factors contributing to marked geographical variations in smoking prevalence.
Modern Asian Studies, 1985
The study of coercion and how it is applied within a political system is useful for a number of r... more The study of coercion and how it is applied within a political system is useful for a number of reasons. As a strategy of control and management it is in itself worthy of investigation. Moreover, an examination of how coercion is applied can tell us much about the nature of a particular polity. Indeed, as Weber emphasized, the state itself is distinguished from other political systems to the extent that it successfully upholds the claim to the legitimate application of force. The willingness of a regime to use coercion against opponents or dissidents, or to regulate the political participation of the ordinary citizenry, has a direct bearing upon such questions as human rights, democratic values, authoritarianism, and the degree of consensus within a given polity.
International Journal of Health Services, 1997
The rapid growth of corporate investment in the Malaysian private hospital sector has had a consi... more The rapid growth of corporate investment in the Malaysian private hospital sector has had a considerable impact on the health care system. Sustained economic growth, the development of new urban areas, an enlarged middle class, and the inclusion of hospital insurance in salary packages have all contributed to a financially lucrative investment environment for hospital entrepreneurs. Many of Malaysia's most technologically advanced hospitals employing leading specialists are owned and operated as corporate business ventures. Corporate hospital investment has been actively encouraged by the government, which regards an expanded private sector as a vital complement to the public hospital system. Yet this rapid growth of corporately owned private hospitals has posed serious contradictions for health care policy in terms of issues such as equity, cost and quality, the effect on the wider health system, and the very role of the state in health care provision. This article describes th...
Global Health Promotion, 2010
Of the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), all but Indonesia have embr... more Of the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), all but Indonesia have embraced the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and all endorse some form of tobacco control policy. Nevertheless, except for Brunei, all these states are, to varying degrees, complicit in investing in or promoting the tobacco industry, often using the justification of poverty alleviation. Tobacco use is the major preventable cause of illness and death among the populations of these countries. Claims that tobacco alleviates poverty in developing countries have increasingly been discredited: thus continuing state support for the industry represents a fundamental paradox. Using primary documents from governments and the tobacco industry, and published studies investigating tobacco and poverty, this article explores the contradictions inherent in the state seeking to prevent tobacco use in the interests of health, while actively promoting tobacco for the economic benefit of its citizens. T...
Asian Survey, 1983
... in 1980 refused ABIM permission to host the World Association of Muslim Youth (WAMY) camp in ... more ... in 1980 refused ABIM permission to host the World Association of Muslim Youth (WAMY) camp in ... perceptive insights into the social and cultural questions raised by the Islamic revival, see ML Lyon, "The Dakwah Movement in Malaysia," Review of Indonesian and Malayan ...
International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 2021
Background: The Government of Botswana introduced user-fees for primary healthcare consultations ... more Background: The Government of Botswana introduced user-fees for primary healthcare consultations in 1975. The policy has remained in place since then, although the fee has remained largely unaltered despite rising inflation. Early reviews of the policy pointed to problems in its implementation, but there has been no evaluation in the past 20 years. The aim of this study was to review the policy to assess whether documented issues with its implementation have been addressed. Methods: This qualitative study involved interviews with 32 key informants: 18 policy-makers and 14 front-line revenue collectors. Data were analysed thematically using a template approach with constructs from an established organizational capacity assessment framework used as predetermined categories to guide data collection and analysis. Results: Limited administrative and management capacity has been a major hindrance to effective implementation of the policy. The lack of infrastructure for effective revenue c...
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2008
To determine the level of tobacco-related attitudes and practices among medical students who stud... more To determine the level of tobacco-related attitudes and practices among medical students who study in a designated 'No-Smoking University' in Pakistan's largest city, Karachi. It further highlighted some challenges for tobacco control at the university. The study design adopted mixed methods. It commenced with an initial qualitative phase using in-depth interviews with medical students and university staff to refine and expand areas of enquiry for the development of a structured cross-sectional survey among second and fifth (final) year students. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data, while descriptive statistics and various statistical tests were applied to investigate differences along a number of parameters in the survey data. Overall smoking prevalence across both years was 14.5%; however, there was a sharp disparity along sex lines, with 32% of males and just 1% of females self-identifying as current or occasional smokers. Importantly, the majority ...
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2011
To explore the gender dimensions on influences of tobacco uptake on medical students using both q... more To explore the gender dimensions on influences of tobacco uptake on medical students using both qualitative and quantitative methods. A phased mixed-method study design was used with in-depth interviews followed by a survey questionnaire in a 'smoke-free' medical college campus in a private university of Karachi. Eight in-depth interviews were conducted to under-pin themes that were further used for developing the questionnaire. Tabulation and analysis of the quantitative data was done using SPSS software version 12. All the ethical issues for the research were taken into consideration. One hundred and sixty-five (72 male, 93 female) students participated in the study. Mean age was 21.57 +/- 1.66 years. The survey results reported perceived reasons for male smoking as stress relief (74%), image (62%), companionship (54%), leisurely independence (46%) and male power and masculinity (44%). Among reasons for women for not smoking by the majority was that it was frowned upon (87...
Ethnicity & health, 2017
To identify the historical nexus between Malaysia's largest and politically dominant ethnic g... more To identify the historical nexus between Malaysia's largest and politically dominant ethnic group and the political economy of tobacco, and to consider the implications of this connection for tobacco control. Primary and secondary documentary sources in both English and Malay were analysed to illuminate key events and decisions, and the discourse of industry and government. Sources included: speeches by Malaysian political and industry actors; tobacco industry reports, press releases and websites; government documents; World Health Organization (WHO) tobacco control literature; and press reports. Malays have the highest smoking prevalence among Malaysia's major ethnic groups. The tobacco industry has consistently been promoted as furthering Malay economic development. Malays play the major role in growing and curing. Government-owned Malay development trusts have been prominent investors in tobacco corporations, which have cultivated linkages with the Malay elite. The religi...
Global Health Promotion, 2010
Gender is a key — but often overlooked — determinant of tobacco use, especially in Asia, where se... more Gender is a key — but often overlooked — determinant of tobacco use, especially in Asia, where sex-linked differences in prevalence rates are very large. In this article we draw upon existing data to consider the implications of these patterns for gender equity and propose approaches to redress inequity through gender-sensitive tobacco control activities. International evidence demonstrates that, in many societies, risk behaviours (including tobacco use) are practised substantially more by men and boys, and are also viewed as expressions of masculine identity. While gender equity focuses almost exclusively on the relative disadvantage of girls and women that exists in most societies, disproportionate male use of tobacco has profound negative consequences for men (as users) and for women (nonusers). Surprisingly, health promotion and tobacco control literature rarely focus on the role of gender in health risks among boys and men. However, tobacco industry marketing has masterfully in...
commonwealthhealth.org
In recent decades there has been considerable interest throughout the world in the concept of int... more In recent decades there has been considerable interest throughout the world in the concept of integrated health services or integrated health care. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests a working definition for integrated health services as: The management and delivery of health services so that clients receive a continuum of preventive and curative services according to their needs over time and across different levels of health system.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare
This study investigated the practical and cultural barriers of reporting patient safety incidents... more This study investigated the practical and cultural barriers of reporting patient safety incidents in three accredited public hospitals in East Java, Indonesia. Methods: This study employed a mixed methods approach using a convergent parallel design. We surveyed 1121 health workers and interviewed 27 managerial staff members from the sampled hospitals. A chi-square analysis was performed to evaluate differences in demographic factors, barriers to reporting, and practices of reporting between those who had reported an incident and those who had witnessed an incident but had not reported it. NVivo 11 software was used to perform the qualitative data analysis. Results: This study had a 76.53% response rate. The quantitative evaluation identified significant differences in professions and work units and in participation in quality and safety training between the reporting group and the non-reporting group. The analysis of practical barriers displayed significant differences between the groups with the following responses: "did not know how to report," "did not know where to report," and "lack of feedback". For cultural barriers, a significant difference was shown only for the response "did not want conflict." In the qualitative assessment, most of the interview participants reported lack of knowledge and lack of socialization or training as practical barriers in reporting incidents. Furthermore, reluctance and fear to report were mentioned as cultural barriers by most of the interviewees. Conclusion: Because there were conflicting findings in the barriers of reporting incidents, these barriers must be identified, discussed, and resolved by health workers and their managers or supervisors to improve incident reporting. Managers must foster open communication and build positive connections with health workers. Further research is necessary to focus on possible ways of addressing the barriers to reporting.
Analysing Health Policy, 2008
CHAPTER 1 A problem-oriented approach to health policy analysis Simon Barraclough and Heather Gar... more CHAPTER 1 A problem-oriented approach to health policy analysis Simon Barraclough and Heather Gardner This book had its genesis in a decision to invite various authors, some of whom are academics and others public servants and health policy consultants, to write about ...
Journal of Political Ecology
Persuasion, a vital element in commercial marketing, is also an essential tool for the winning an... more Persuasion, a vital element in commercial marketing, is also an essential tool for the winning and maintenance of political power. Corporations seek to persuade customers to purchase their products and services but may also need to influence wider public opinion and political decision-makers in ways that serve their interests. In this article, we present an account of environmental-related conflict in Malaysia and the use of persuasion in the discourse of an Australian transnational mining corporation and its supporters. We analyse the strategies used by the corporation as it engages in intense conflict with environmental campaigners and concerned residents following its moves to establish the world's largest rare earth metals extraction plant in peninsular Malaysia. Following the political ecology perspective, we note that the efforts at persuasion used by the corporation have been actively backed by the Malaysian state itself. This is not simply a case of environmental conflict but strongly connected to the underlying political economy of Malaysia-a country with an authoritarian regime where corruption and 'crony capitalism' are rife, and public opinion is often ignored or consistently manipulated by government-controlled mass media.
European Journal of Public Health, 2020
Background When policy implementation is not regularly monitored and evaluated, it risks irreleva... more Background When policy implementation is not regularly monitored and evaluated, it risks irrelevance to changing conditions and, over time, its original purpose can even be forgotten. In 1975, the government of Botswana instituted co-payments for public healthcare, a policy which has remained largely unaltered since its introduction with the exception of two increases in the fee-level. Therefore, this study aims to critically analyze the institutional design and operation of Botswana's co-payment policy for public healthcare. Methods Using documentary analysis and interviews with 32 key informants, Botswana's longstanding policy requiring a modest co-payment in public healthcare facilities was analysed. Data were analysed thematically in an inductive way. Results The findings revealed the policy was not monitored, rarely evaluated and became both ineffective and inefficient, costing more to administer than was received in revenue. The Ministry of Health and Wellness no longe...
Singapore has achieved high levels of human security, overcoming the socio-economic instability a... more Singapore has achieved high levels of human security, overcoming the socio-economic instability and poverty of its early days of independence in the mid 1960s. It is now a high-income, technologically advanced nation, providing its population with access to housing, healthcare and education. High standards of healthcare and positive indicators attest to population health security, despite the crisis of the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) pandemic. Despite this enviable position, Singapore has not been noted for regional and global engagement with human security and human rights, although this insular outlook is beginning to change. It is argued here that Singapore, as an emerging international “health hub”, scientific and educational center, has both the capacity and motivation to play a greater role in supporting health security, both regionally and globally.
Australia and New Zealand health policy, Jan 21, 2005
A survey for the year 2003 of significant developments in Australia's official international ... more A survey for the year 2003 of significant developments in Australia's official international health relations, and their domestic ramifications, is presented. The discussion is set within the broader context of Australian foreign policy. Sources include official documents, media reports and consultations with officers of the Department of Health and Ageing responsible for international linkages.
Australian health review : a publication of the Australian Hospital Association, 1994
Although constrained by Federal financial dominance, State governments can, nevertheless, signifi... more Although constrained by Federal financial dominance, State governments can, nevertheless, significantly shape a number of aspects of health policy within their own jurisdiction. New governments often seek to implement both substantive and symbolic policy changes. This is often also accompanied by alterations to organisational structures and personnel with a view to making implementation more effective. This article chronicles the continuities and changes in health services policy in the first year of the Liberal-National Coalition State Government in Victoria. These include institutional changes, key ministerial and bureaucratic appointments, health workforce issues, health services funding decisions, public and community health, and relations with the Federal Government. The decision-making style of the new government is also discussed. The authors regard the economic imperatives of Victoria's severe deficit as the dominant influence in all areas of public policy, including hea...
Tobacco Control, 1999
Objectives-To present a broad exploration of the relationship of women and tobacco in Indonesia a... more Objectives-To present a broad exploration of the relationship of women and tobacco in Indonesia and to describe action on tobacco and health specific to women taken by government and non-government agencies. Data sources-Published and unpublished prevalence surveys, oYcial documents, vernacular newspapers, secondary sources, unstructured interviews, and personal observations. Study selection-Data on smoking prevalence among women was primarily sought from oYcial household surveys but several smaller scale local surveys were also examined. The only representative national household data on smoking prevalence from 1995 suggested a national prevalence for occasional and regular smoking of 2.6% for women aged 20 years or older. Smaller, local level surveys had reported rates varying from 4% for junior high school girls, and 2.9% for women undergraduates at a provincial university, to 6.4% of women in a representative sample in Jakarta. Claims that the incidence of female smoking is increasing cannot be confirmed due to an absence of comparable national longitudinal data. Conclusion-Although Indonesian women are conspicuous in growing and processing tobacco, their rates of smoking are low in comparison with their male compatriots and internationally. Anecdotal evidence suggests that their disinclination to smoke is commonly attributed to cultural values, which stigmatise women smokers as morally flawed, while at the same time sanctioning smoking by men. Although there is little evidence of tobacco advertising directly targeting women, Indonesian health activists interviewed by the author felt that women are increasingly taking up smoking due to a weakening of stigma and to Western cultural influences. Cultural factors in the low rates of smoking among Indonesian women deserve closer investigation as they have proved to be a major source of health protection, albeit within a stigmatising context. More also needs to be known about the dynamics of female tobacco use in Indonesia and the factors contributing to marked geographical variations in smoking prevalence.
Modern Asian Studies, 1985
The study of coercion and how it is applied within a political system is useful for a number of r... more The study of coercion and how it is applied within a political system is useful for a number of reasons. As a strategy of control and management it is in itself worthy of investigation. Moreover, an examination of how coercion is applied can tell us much about the nature of a particular polity. Indeed, as Weber emphasized, the state itself is distinguished from other political systems to the extent that it successfully upholds the claim to the legitimate application of force. The willingness of a regime to use coercion against opponents or dissidents, or to regulate the political participation of the ordinary citizenry, has a direct bearing upon such questions as human rights, democratic values, authoritarianism, and the degree of consensus within a given polity.
International Journal of Health Services, 1997
The rapid growth of corporate investment in the Malaysian private hospital sector has had a consi... more The rapid growth of corporate investment in the Malaysian private hospital sector has had a considerable impact on the health care system. Sustained economic growth, the development of new urban areas, an enlarged middle class, and the inclusion of hospital insurance in salary packages have all contributed to a financially lucrative investment environment for hospital entrepreneurs. Many of Malaysia's most technologically advanced hospitals employing leading specialists are owned and operated as corporate business ventures. Corporate hospital investment has been actively encouraged by the government, which regards an expanded private sector as a vital complement to the public hospital system. Yet this rapid growth of corporately owned private hospitals has posed serious contradictions for health care policy in terms of issues such as equity, cost and quality, the effect on the wider health system, and the very role of the state in health care provision. This article describes th...
Global Health Promotion, 2010
Of the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), all but Indonesia have embr... more Of the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), all but Indonesia have embraced the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and all endorse some form of tobacco control policy. Nevertheless, except for Brunei, all these states are, to varying degrees, complicit in investing in or promoting the tobacco industry, often using the justification of poverty alleviation. Tobacco use is the major preventable cause of illness and death among the populations of these countries. Claims that tobacco alleviates poverty in developing countries have increasingly been discredited: thus continuing state support for the industry represents a fundamental paradox. Using primary documents from governments and the tobacco industry, and published studies investigating tobacco and poverty, this article explores the contradictions inherent in the state seeking to prevent tobacco use in the interests of health, while actively promoting tobacco for the economic benefit of its citizens. T...
Asian Survey, 1983
... in 1980 refused ABIM permission to host the World Association of Muslim Youth (WAMY) camp in ... more ... in 1980 refused ABIM permission to host the World Association of Muslim Youth (WAMY) camp in ... perceptive insights into the social and cultural questions raised by the Islamic revival, see ML Lyon, "The Dakwah Movement in Malaysia," Review of Indonesian and Malayan ...
International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 2021
Background: The Government of Botswana introduced user-fees for primary healthcare consultations ... more Background: The Government of Botswana introduced user-fees for primary healthcare consultations in 1975. The policy has remained in place since then, although the fee has remained largely unaltered despite rising inflation. Early reviews of the policy pointed to problems in its implementation, but there has been no evaluation in the past 20 years. The aim of this study was to review the policy to assess whether documented issues with its implementation have been addressed. Methods: This qualitative study involved interviews with 32 key informants: 18 policy-makers and 14 front-line revenue collectors. Data were analysed thematically using a template approach with constructs from an established organizational capacity assessment framework used as predetermined categories to guide data collection and analysis. Results: Limited administrative and management capacity has been a major hindrance to effective implementation of the policy. The lack of infrastructure for effective revenue c...
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2008
To determine the level of tobacco-related attitudes and practices among medical students who stud... more To determine the level of tobacco-related attitudes and practices among medical students who study in a designated 'No-Smoking University' in Pakistan's largest city, Karachi. It further highlighted some challenges for tobacco control at the university. The study design adopted mixed methods. It commenced with an initial qualitative phase using in-depth interviews with medical students and university staff to refine and expand areas of enquiry for the development of a structured cross-sectional survey among second and fifth (final) year students. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data, while descriptive statistics and various statistical tests were applied to investigate differences along a number of parameters in the survey data. Overall smoking prevalence across both years was 14.5%; however, there was a sharp disparity along sex lines, with 32% of males and just 1% of females self-identifying as current or occasional smokers. Importantly, the majority ...
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2011
To explore the gender dimensions on influences of tobacco uptake on medical students using both q... more To explore the gender dimensions on influences of tobacco uptake on medical students using both qualitative and quantitative methods. A phased mixed-method study design was used with in-depth interviews followed by a survey questionnaire in a 'smoke-free' medical college campus in a private university of Karachi. Eight in-depth interviews were conducted to under-pin themes that were further used for developing the questionnaire. Tabulation and analysis of the quantitative data was done using SPSS software version 12. All the ethical issues for the research were taken into consideration. One hundred and sixty-five (72 male, 93 female) students participated in the study. Mean age was 21.57 +/- 1.66 years. The survey results reported perceived reasons for male smoking as stress relief (74%), image (62%), companionship (54%), leisurely independence (46%) and male power and masculinity (44%). Among reasons for women for not smoking by the majority was that it was frowned upon (87...
Ethnicity & health, 2017
To identify the historical nexus between Malaysia's largest and politically dominant ethnic g... more To identify the historical nexus between Malaysia's largest and politically dominant ethnic group and the political economy of tobacco, and to consider the implications of this connection for tobacco control. Primary and secondary documentary sources in both English and Malay were analysed to illuminate key events and decisions, and the discourse of industry and government. Sources included: speeches by Malaysian political and industry actors; tobacco industry reports, press releases and websites; government documents; World Health Organization (WHO) tobacco control literature; and press reports. Malays have the highest smoking prevalence among Malaysia's major ethnic groups. The tobacco industry has consistently been promoted as furthering Malay economic development. Malays play the major role in growing and curing. Government-owned Malay development trusts have been prominent investors in tobacco corporations, which have cultivated linkages with the Malay elite. The religi...
Global Health Promotion, 2010
Gender is a key — but often overlooked — determinant of tobacco use, especially in Asia, where se... more Gender is a key — but often overlooked — determinant of tobacco use, especially in Asia, where sex-linked differences in prevalence rates are very large. In this article we draw upon existing data to consider the implications of these patterns for gender equity and propose approaches to redress inequity through gender-sensitive tobacco control activities. International evidence demonstrates that, in many societies, risk behaviours (including tobacco use) are practised substantially more by men and boys, and are also viewed as expressions of masculine identity. While gender equity focuses almost exclusively on the relative disadvantage of girls and women that exists in most societies, disproportionate male use of tobacco has profound negative consequences for men (as users) and for women (nonusers). Surprisingly, health promotion and tobacco control literature rarely focus on the role of gender in health risks among boys and men. However, tobacco industry marketing has masterfully in...
commonwealthhealth.org
In recent decades there has been considerable interest throughout the world in the concept of int... more In recent decades there has been considerable interest throughout the world in the concept of integrated health services or integrated health care. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests a working definition for integrated health services as: The management and delivery of health services so that clients receive a continuum of preventive and curative services according to their needs over time and across different levels of health system.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare
This study investigated the practical and cultural barriers of reporting patient safety incidents... more This study investigated the practical and cultural barriers of reporting patient safety incidents in three accredited public hospitals in East Java, Indonesia. Methods: This study employed a mixed methods approach using a convergent parallel design. We surveyed 1121 health workers and interviewed 27 managerial staff members from the sampled hospitals. A chi-square analysis was performed to evaluate differences in demographic factors, barriers to reporting, and practices of reporting between those who had reported an incident and those who had witnessed an incident but had not reported it. NVivo 11 software was used to perform the qualitative data analysis. Results: This study had a 76.53% response rate. The quantitative evaluation identified significant differences in professions and work units and in participation in quality and safety training between the reporting group and the non-reporting group. The analysis of practical barriers displayed significant differences between the groups with the following responses: "did not know how to report," "did not know where to report," and "lack of feedback". For cultural barriers, a significant difference was shown only for the response "did not want conflict." In the qualitative assessment, most of the interview participants reported lack of knowledge and lack of socialization or training as practical barriers in reporting incidents. Furthermore, reluctance and fear to report were mentioned as cultural barriers by most of the interviewees. Conclusion: Because there were conflicting findings in the barriers of reporting incidents, these barriers must be identified, discussed, and resolved by health workers and their managers or supervisors to improve incident reporting. Managers must foster open communication and build positive connections with health workers. Further research is necessary to focus on possible ways of addressing the barriers to reporting.
Analysing Health Policy, 2008
CHAPTER 1 A problem-oriented approach to health policy analysis Simon Barraclough and Heather Gar... more CHAPTER 1 A problem-oriented approach to health policy analysis Simon Barraclough and Heather Gardner This book had its genesis in a decision to invite various authors, some of whom are academics and others public servants and health policy consultants, to write about ...