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Papers by Barrie Bolton

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1987

Twelve maps of shoreline configuration are presented, ten of which are continent-wide; the maps r... more Twelve maps of shoreline configuration are presented, ten of which are continent-wide; the maps represent critical times in the sea-level history of Australia. Before the Aptian, most of the continent was emergent. The most extensive coverage by the sea, which occurred in the Aptian Albian, was followed by Late Cretaceous fluctuations and general withdrawal. The development of interior seaways and basins marginal to the continent relates to eustasy as well as to local balance between sedimentation and subsidence. For basins at the continental margin, vertical tectonics relating to continental separation are significant.

International Geology Review

Major and trace element compositions of sediments from the Solomon IslandsWoodlark Basin seafloor... more Major and trace element compositions of sediments from the Solomon IslandsWoodlark Basin seafloor vary with grain size, comcomitant with change from feldsparferromagnesians-lithics in sands to predominantly smectite in muds. Trends of oxides versus Si02 mimic magmatic differentiation trends but result from chemical differentiation during weathering and sedimentation, rather than from selective contributions by different igneous parent materials. Metal ratios indicative of minimal metal enrichment lie close to the mixing curve between average terrigenous material and pure metalliferous sediment. The sediments are chemically very immature compared with those of continental cratons. They retain chondritenormalized REE patterns characteristic of their island arc volcanic source, and have 1 Archean 1 -type post-Archean average shale (PAAS)-normalized REE patterns. In comparison to the average developed island arc composition (ADIA) of Jakes and White, the estimated bulk composition of th...

ABSTRACT ABSTRACTA variety of finely laminated, subfossil, aragonitic stromatolites and oncolites... more ABSTRACT ABSTRACTA variety of finely laminated, subfossil, aragonitic stromatolites and oncolites occur on a regressive marginal flat surrounding Marion Lake, South Australia. These algal forms overlie a substrate of coarse, highly porous, moldic aragonitic limestone which passes progressively towards the take centre through a zone of interstatified aragonite and gypsum and ultimately to pure crystalline gypsum. All of these facies overlie Holocene marine carbonate bank sediments which unconformably overlie at least one upper Pleistocene marine unit. Detailed petrographic and stratigraphic studies, combined with comparative studies of related nearby lakes containing a variety of living aragonitic cryptalgalaminates, provide a model for development of the Holocene sedimentary sequence. Marion Lake last became inundated by the sea around 6500 years ago during the Holocene transgression, when a protected marine environment was initiated. Lateral sediment accretion sealed marine passes into the resulting lagoon system soon after sealvel stabilized, and a variety of gypsum and gypsum-carbonate-algal facies evolved. Pure gypsum was deposited in waters 2–3 m deep in the central basin area concurrently with formation of seasonally alternating gypsum and aragonite layers towards basin margins. Blue-green filamentous algae thrived in the shallower marginal areas and at least partly controlled carbonate deposition, which must have occurred during seasonal outflow of carbonate-rich ground water from the calcareous dune aquifer over denser gypsum-saturated waters. These systems eventually migrated towards the centre of the lake to produce the relationships preserved today. The fresher waters also leached the gypsum from the marginal gypsum-carbonate facies. Collapse due to gypsum dissolution, along with aragonite crystallization, combined to form a lake-marginal mega-polygonal facies. Teepee structures formed around polygon margins, with optimum conditions for stromatolite development occurring on the teepee crests. The actual stromatolites which occur around Marion Lake are strongly indurated and involve a variety of morphologies, the most common of which are laterally linked hemispheroids. Stacked hemispheroids and oncolites are also relatively common, along with irregular forms, many of which encrust a variety of substrate irregularities. Vertical relief of the stromatolites varies from centimetres to tens of centimetres and all forms are characterized by extremely fine internal interlaminations of alternate light and dark grey laminae which typically occur several per millimetre. The microstructure comprises micritic aragonite crystals with fibrous habit associated with organic matter, and occasional zones of abundant algal filament molds which are generally oriented normal to the laminae.

Abstract The mineralogy, geochemistry, and in some cases, the mode of origin of many Phanerozoic ... more Abstract The mineralogy, geochemistry, and in some cases, the mode of origin of many Phanerozoic sedimentary manganese orebodies are fairly well known, but the effects of the important variables represented by changing ocean chemistry, sea level, and climate on ...

Page 1. Volume Barbara H. Keating Barrie R. Bolton Editors Geology and Offshore Mineral Resources... more Page 1. Volume Barbara H. Keating Barrie R. Bolton Editors Geology and Offshore Mineral Resources of the Central Pacific Basin Page 2. i... ■: 1 ... al. (1972), Hawkins and Natland (1975), and Natland (1975,1980). Descriptions ...

Ore Geology Reviews, 1990

... Sedimen-tation to Palaeoenvironments) and is currently employed as a Senior Research Fellow a... more ... Sedimen-tation to Palaeoenvironments) and is currently employed as a Senior Research Fellow at the Department of Geology and Geophysics ... A diagenetic origin for braunite in Mamata-wan-type manganese deposits in South Africa has been suggested by Miyano and ...

Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2008

The Fly River system in western Papua New Guinea is one of the largest river systems in world wit... more The Fly River system in western Papua New Guinea is one of the largest river systems in world with an annual sediment discharge estimated at 100×106 t. Located at the headwaters of the Ok Tedi, a tributary of the Fly River, is the Mount Fubilan copper-gold mine. The mine, which uses open-cut methods to exploit a low-grade porphyry ore body, commenced operations in 1984. Waste materials from mining operations comprising approximately 55 Mt of overburden and 30 Mt of ex-mill tailings, are discharged each year into the Ok Tedi. Erosional and fluvial processes then transport a large proportion of this waste into the lower reaches of the river system where it is either deposited in a range of riverine settings or released into the marine waters of the Gulf of Papua and Torres Strait. This chapter examines the impact of mining at Mount Fubilan on the texture, geochemistry, and mineralogy of the sediments deposited in the channel bed and along the levees of the Ok Tedi and Fly Rivers.

Inversely graded pisolites of manganese oxide in the mid-Cretaceous manganese giant at Groote Eyl... more Inversely graded pisolites of manganese oxide in the mid-Cretaceous manganese giant at Groote Eylandt, Australia, were deposited during a regional fall in sea level, as indicated by their relationships to wave-cut benches. Dissolved manganese was concentrated in relatively anoxic waters of the intracratonic basin during a marine transgression and precipitated as oxides and carbonates during a regression. Ore bodies ultimately formed by concentration of abundant particulate manganese by a tidal-lag mechanism.

Economic Geology, 1992

... to medium-scale crossbedding and massive Laterally extensive, underneath soils, vugular Later... more ... to medium-scale crossbedding and massive Laterally extensive, underneath soils, vugular Lateral, underneath manganiferous laterite, vugular Planar, regionally up to 50 m thick, sometimes layered, mostly irregular in laterites and pipes, rarely layers in vugs, as impregnation in ...

Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources Earth Science Series, 1992

Ore Geology Reviews, 1988

... AND DEVELOPMENT OF SUPERGENE MANGANESE DEPOSITS, GROOTE EYLANDT, NORTHERN TERRITORY, AUSTRALI... more ... AND DEVELOPMENT OF SUPERGENE MANGANESE DEPOSITS, GROOTE EYLANDT, NORTHERN TERRITORY, AUSTRALIA BERNHARD PRACEJUS, BARRIE R. BOLTON ... silts, siltstones, disordered in laterites clayey sands and pipes, rare layers in vugs, as impregnation ...

Alcheringa an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 1986

... Calif. Publs Zool. 63, 1-72. RICHARDS, JR, &amp; SINGLETON, OP, 1981. ... The Tasman ... more ... Calif. Publs Zool. 63, 1-72. RICHARDS, JR, &amp; SINGLETON, OP, 1981. ... The Tasman Fold Belt System in Victoria. In The Phanerozoic Structure of Australia and Variations in Tectonic Style, E. Scheibner, ed., Tectonophysics 48, 267-297. WARREN, JW 8/; WAKEFIELD, NA, 1972. ...

The Ok Tedi copper and gold mine is owned and operated by Ok Tedi Mining Limited (OTML) and is lo... more The Ok Tedi copper and gold mine is owned and operated by Ok Tedi Mining Limited (OTML) and is located in the Star Mountains of the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. Waste materials (both sulfidic and carbonate materials) from mining operations, comprising 55 Mt of waste rock and 31 Mt of tailings per annum, are discharged into the headwaters