Bashir Chaudhary - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Bashir Chaudhary
Southern Medical Journal, Nov 1, 1988
Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, Jan 26, 1987
Smokeless tobacco is used all over the world. It is usually used orally either as chewing tobacco... more Smokeless tobacco is used all over the world. It is usually used orally either as chewing tobacco or as snuff. In 1985, 12 million persons in the United States used smokeless tobacco and the trend is increasing among young males. There is srrong association between smokeless tobacco use and cancers of the oral cavity. There may be a fifty-/ old increased risk of oral cancers among long term snuff dippers. Potent carcinogens including nitrosamines, aromatic hydrocarbons and radiation-emitting polonium are found in tobacco. Smokeless tobacco is associated with oral leukoplakia at the site of tobacco placement. Some leukoplakias undergo dysplastic changes and may become cancerous. Nicotine dependency is very similar to other drugs such as morphine. The effects of nicotine from smokeless tobacco are similar to those as seen in cigarette smoking and are not discussed in this review.
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1988
Heat loss from airway smooth muscle is a potent stimulus which causes substantial, but poorly und... more Heat loss from airway smooth muscle is a potent stimulus which causes substantial, but poorly understood, alterations in muscle tension. This study considered the involvement of endogenous mediators in cooling-induced tension changes in incubated guinea pig trachea. Smooth muscle tension was monitored in tracheal cylinders which were carefully cooled from 37 to 30 degrees C in the presence or absence of various inotropic mediators. In our study, cooling alone, at a rate of 1 degree C/min, was associated with an average loss of smooth muscle tension of 88.2 mg. Cooling tracheal tissue that had been previously exposed to 3 X 10(-6) M histamine, however, caused an additional increase in tracheal tension of 133 mg, over and above that caused by histamine alone. In the presence of 10(-5) M prostaglandin F2 alpha, or 10(-5) M thromboxane B2, cooling was associated with respective losses of smooth muscle tension of 211.4 and 211.2 mg, as compared to the tension associated with these mediators when they were used alone under control conditions. When the speed of tracheal cooling was increased to 40 degrees C/min, there was a slight increase in tension for 20 sec followed by a pronounced and sustained relaxation. The mechanisms involved in the response of airway smooth muscle to cooling are complex. The results of our study, however, suggest that mediators may play a role in the cooling-induced alterations of airway smooth muscle tension.
A 38 year old black male was referred for evalua-tion of an abnormal chest roentgenogram obtained... more A 38 year old black male was referred for evalua-tion of an abnormal chest roentgenogram obtained during a routine physical examination (Figure 1). The patient was asymptomatic. H e had not had shortness of breath, cough, sputum production, chest pain, or
Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia, 1987
Southern Medical Journal, 1988
Clinical Science, 1978
1. The effects of airway anaesthesia on the ability to detect added inspiratory resistive loads w... more 1. The effects of airway anaesthesia on the ability to detect added inspiratory resistive loads were studied in normal subjects. A 4% solution of lignocaine hydrochloride was used for anaesthesia of the airways. 2. After anaesthesia of the mouth and upper always to the level of the vocal cords there was a significant deterioration in the detection ability expressed in terms of the absolute added resistance (ΔR), with a concomitant increase in pulmonary resistance (Rint.). However, there was no significant change in the detection ability expressed in terms of the ratio of ΔR to the sum of Rint. and the minimal resistance of the apparatus (ΔR/R0). 3. After combined anaesthesia of the upper and lower airways there was no significant change in pulmonary resistance or in the detection ability expressed either as ΔR or as ΔR/R0. 4. We conclude that, in normal subjects, the main site of detection of added inspiratory resistive loads does not lie in the upper or lower airways. Our results a...
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 1978
We have compared the relative value of various techniques used in association with fiberoptic bro... more We have compared the relative value of various techniques used in association with fiberoptic bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of lung cancer. We analyzed the results in 114 patients who underwent diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy and in whom a definite histologic diagnosis of lung cancer was made. A comparison of the diagnostic yield from cytologic examination of prebronchoscopy and postbronchoscopy sputum and of fiberoptic bronchial biopsy, brushing, and washing was made. Over-all, bronchial washings gave the highest diagnostic yield (75.4%) and forceps biopsy the next higher (65.8%). The combination of bronchial washings and forceps biopsy gave the highest diagnostic yield (95.8%). In six patients, postbronchoscopy sputum was the only source of positive diagnostis; in 20 patients only one procedure was positive. Our results suggest that although fiberoptic bronchoscopy washings and forceps biopsy have the highest diagnostic yield, brushings and postbronchoscopic sputum examination are also important diagnostic maneuvers and should be routinely performed.
Postgraduate Medicine, 1985
Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, 1991
Pneumonia is a serious entity with a mortality in the U.S. of from 6-24%. Many invasive and non-i... more Pneumonia is a serious entity with a mortality in the U.S. of from 6-24%. Many invasive and non-invasive procedures are used to establish an etiologic diagnosis. An acceptable sputum smear is characterized by a low number of epithelial cells, higher number of leukocytes, and the presence of alveolar macrophages. A gram-stain provides good clues about pneumococcal, Klebsiella, and mixed anaerobic infections. Common problems include interpretation of streptococci as S. pneumoniae and missing H. influenzae. A culture of sputum is frequently unreliable because of contamination by the upper airway bacteria. Transtracheal aspiration can minimize the upper airway contamination. Broncho-alveolar lavage is helpful in diagnosing pneumocystis infections in AIDS patients. Double lumen catheter systems can obtain secretions from the site of pneumonia without contamination. Transbronchial biopsy provides tissue specimens for stains and cultures. Transthoracic needle aspiration provides diagnostic yield of 56 to 82% of cases with a false negative rate of 22%. Open lung biopsy is usually done in very sick, immunocompromised patients if other diagnostic procedures have been unsuccessful.
Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, 1991
•Tue result.s of the survey were collated and presented at the business meeting of the Annual Con... more •Tue result.s of the survey were collated and presented at the business meeting of the Annual Convention on July 29, 1991 at Uniondale, NY. 1Since the tabulation of the data on June 30th, an additional 12 responses were received.
Current Clinical Practice, 2007
Southern Medical Journal, 1997
Southern Medical Journal, 1995
CHEST Journal, 1987
A 40aH man was seen in the emergency room with complaints of palpitations, dyspnea, and dysphagia... more A 40aH man was seen in the emergency room with complaints of palpitations, dyspnea, and dysphagia ofseveral weeks' duration. He was admitted to the hospital because of frequent atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. On physical examination, the patient was in no acute distress. His pulse was 104 bpm and irregular. Neck veins were not distended.
We evaluated the possibility that in some patients with obstructive sleep apnea, the initial poly... more We evaluated the possibility that in some patients with obstructive sleep apnea, the initial polysomnogram may be negative. We reviewed polysomnograms performed at the Medical College of Georgia from 1984 to 1990 and found nine patients whose initial polysomnogram was negative but whose repeat polysomnogram confirmed obstructive sleep apnea. All nine patients (five women and four men; average age, 44.2 years) had an apnea index of less than 5 (fewer than five apneic episodes per hour) and had a total offewer than 20 apneic episodes during the initial overnight
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 1979
Twenty-six patients undergoing transnasal fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) were electrocardiographic... more Twenty-six patients undergoing transnasal fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) were electrocardiographically monitored for /2 hours before. during. and /2 hours after bronchoscopy. We measured arterial lidocaine concentrations during the procedure as well as arterial blood gases before and after the procedure. The incidence of total arrhythmias. including sinus tachycardia. during the control period was 69 percent; minor arrhythmias. 69 percent; and major arrhythmias. 8 percent. During FOB. the incidence of total and minor arrhythmias increased to 77 and 73 percent, respectively; however. the incidence of major arrhythmias decreased to 4 percent, Arterial lidocaine concentrations ranged widely. from 0.1 to 8.7 ILg per milliliter with a mean peak level of 5.0 ± 0.6 ILg per milliliter. which was reached between 5 and 30 minutes after the insertion of the bronchoscope. We conclude that the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, excluding sinus tachycardia. during FOB is low and that lidocaine anesthesia probably exerts a protective effect against the development of major arrhythmias during the procedure.
Southern Medical Journal, 1986
Four patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea were monitored first in the supine po... more Four patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea were monitored first in the supine posture to establish a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (apnea indices 33, 12, 22, 36). A second polysomnogram, obtained while the patients slept in the lateral posture, showed a dramatic decrease in apnea (apnea indices 5, 0, 0.2, and 0) and snoring. Each patient had an enlarged uvula, which moved to the side in the lateral posture. We conclude that sleeping in the lateral posture may be therapeutic in some patients with obstructive sleep apneas.
Southern Medical Journal, Nov 1, 1988
Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, Jan 26, 1987
Smokeless tobacco is used all over the world. It is usually used orally either as chewing tobacco... more Smokeless tobacco is used all over the world. It is usually used orally either as chewing tobacco or as snuff. In 1985, 12 million persons in the United States used smokeless tobacco and the trend is increasing among young males. There is srrong association between smokeless tobacco use and cancers of the oral cavity. There may be a fifty-/ old increased risk of oral cancers among long term snuff dippers. Potent carcinogens including nitrosamines, aromatic hydrocarbons and radiation-emitting polonium are found in tobacco. Smokeless tobacco is associated with oral leukoplakia at the site of tobacco placement. Some leukoplakias undergo dysplastic changes and may become cancerous. Nicotine dependency is very similar to other drugs such as morphine. The effects of nicotine from smokeless tobacco are similar to those as seen in cigarette smoking and are not discussed in this review.
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1988
Heat loss from airway smooth muscle is a potent stimulus which causes substantial, but poorly und... more Heat loss from airway smooth muscle is a potent stimulus which causes substantial, but poorly understood, alterations in muscle tension. This study considered the involvement of endogenous mediators in cooling-induced tension changes in incubated guinea pig trachea. Smooth muscle tension was monitored in tracheal cylinders which were carefully cooled from 37 to 30 degrees C in the presence or absence of various inotropic mediators. In our study, cooling alone, at a rate of 1 degree C/min, was associated with an average loss of smooth muscle tension of 88.2 mg. Cooling tracheal tissue that had been previously exposed to 3 X 10(-6) M histamine, however, caused an additional increase in tracheal tension of 133 mg, over and above that caused by histamine alone. In the presence of 10(-5) M prostaglandin F2 alpha, or 10(-5) M thromboxane B2, cooling was associated with respective losses of smooth muscle tension of 211.4 and 211.2 mg, as compared to the tension associated with these mediators when they were used alone under control conditions. When the speed of tracheal cooling was increased to 40 degrees C/min, there was a slight increase in tension for 20 sec followed by a pronounced and sustained relaxation. The mechanisms involved in the response of airway smooth muscle to cooling are complex. The results of our study, however, suggest that mediators may play a role in the cooling-induced alterations of airway smooth muscle tension.
A 38 year old black male was referred for evalua-tion of an abnormal chest roentgenogram obtained... more A 38 year old black male was referred for evalua-tion of an abnormal chest roentgenogram obtained during a routine physical examination (Figure 1). The patient was asymptomatic. H e had not had shortness of breath, cough, sputum production, chest pain, or
Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia, 1987
Southern Medical Journal, 1988
Clinical Science, 1978
1. The effects of airway anaesthesia on the ability to detect added inspiratory resistive loads w... more 1. The effects of airway anaesthesia on the ability to detect added inspiratory resistive loads were studied in normal subjects. A 4% solution of lignocaine hydrochloride was used for anaesthesia of the airways. 2. After anaesthesia of the mouth and upper always to the level of the vocal cords there was a significant deterioration in the detection ability expressed in terms of the absolute added resistance (ΔR), with a concomitant increase in pulmonary resistance (Rint.). However, there was no significant change in the detection ability expressed in terms of the ratio of ΔR to the sum of Rint. and the minimal resistance of the apparatus (ΔR/R0). 3. After combined anaesthesia of the upper and lower airways there was no significant change in pulmonary resistance or in the detection ability expressed either as ΔR or as ΔR/R0. 4. We conclude that, in normal subjects, the main site of detection of added inspiratory resistive loads does not lie in the upper or lower airways. Our results a...
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 1978
We have compared the relative value of various techniques used in association with fiberoptic bro... more We have compared the relative value of various techniques used in association with fiberoptic bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of lung cancer. We analyzed the results in 114 patients who underwent diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy and in whom a definite histologic diagnosis of lung cancer was made. A comparison of the diagnostic yield from cytologic examination of prebronchoscopy and postbronchoscopy sputum and of fiberoptic bronchial biopsy, brushing, and washing was made. Over-all, bronchial washings gave the highest diagnostic yield (75.4%) and forceps biopsy the next higher (65.8%). The combination of bronchial washings and forceps biopsy gave the highest diagnostic yield (95.8%). In six patients, postbronchoscopy sputum was the only source of positive diagnostis; in 20 patients only one procedure was positive. Our results suggest that although fiberoptic bronchoscopy washings and forceps biopsy have the highest diagnostic yield, brushings and postbronchoscopic sputum examination are also important diagnostic maneuvers and should be routinely performed.
Postgraduate Medicine, 1985
Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, 1991
Pneumonia is a serious entity with a mortality in the U.S. of from 6-24%. Many invasive and non-i... more Pneumonia is a serious entity with a mortality in the U.S. of from 6-24%. Many invasive and non-invasive procedures are used to establish an etiologic diagnosis. An acceptable sputum smear is characterized by a low number of epithelial cells, higher number of leukocytes, and the presence of alveolar macrophages. A gram-stain provides good clues about pneumococcal, Klebsiella, and mixed anaerobic infections. Common problems include interpretation of streptococci as S. pneumoniae and missing H. influenzae. A culture of sputum is frequently unreliable because of contamination by the upper airway bacteria. Transtracheal aspiration can minimize the upper airway contamination. Broncho-alveolar lavage is helpful in diagnosing pneumocystis infections in AIDS patients. Double lumen catheter systems can obtain secretions from the site of pneumonia without contamination. Transbronchial biopsy provides tissue specimens for stains and cultures. Transthoracic needle aspiration provides diagnostic yield of 56 to 82% of cases with a false negative rate of 22%. Open lung biopsy is usually done in very sick, immunocompromised patients if other diagnostic procedures have been unsuccessful.
Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, 1991
•Tue result.s of the survey were collated and presented at the business meeting of the Annual Con... more •Tue result.s of the survey were collated and presented at the business meeting of the Annual Convention on July 29, 1991 at Uniondale, NY. 1Since the tabulation of the data on June 30th, an additional 12 responses were received.
Current Clinical Practice, 2007
Southern Medical Journal, 1997
Southern Medical Journal, 1995
CHEST Journal, 1987
A 40aH man was seen in the emergency room with complaints of palpitations, dyspnea, and dysphagia... more A 40aH man was seen in the emergency room with complaints of palpitations, dyspnea, and dysphagia ofseveral weeks' duration. He was admitted to the hospital because of frequent atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. On physical examination, the patient was in no acute distress. His pulse was 104 bpm and irregular. Neck veins were not distended.
We evaluated the possibility that in some patients with obstructive sleep apnea, the initial poly... more We evaluated the possibility that in some patients with obstructive sleep apnea, the initial polysomnogram may be negative. We reviewed polysomnograms performed at the Medical College of Georgia from 1984 to 1990 and found nine patients whose initial polysomnogram was negative but whose repeat polysomnogram confirmed obstructive sleep apnea. All nine patients (five women and four men; average age, 44.2 years) had an apnea index of less than 5 (fewer than five apneic episodes per hour) and had a total offewer than 20 apneic episodes during the initial overnight
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 1979
Twenty-six patients undergoing transnasal fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) were electrocardiographic... more Twenty-six patients undergoing transnasal fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) were electrocardiographically monitored for /2 hours before. during. and /2 hours after bronchoscopy. We measured arterial lidocaine concentrations during the procedure as well as arterial blood gases before and after the procedure. The incidence of total arrhythmias. including sinus tachycardia. during the control period was 69 percent; minor arrhythmias. 69 percent; and major arrhythmias. 8 percent. During FOB. the incidence of total and minor arrhythmias increased to 77 and 73 percent, respectively; however. the incidence of major arrhythmias decreased to 4 percent, Arterial lidocaine concentrations ranged widely. from 0.1 to 8.7 ILg per milliliter with a mean peak level of 5.0 ± 0.6 ILg per milliliter. which was reached between 5 and 30 minutes after the insertion of the bronchoscope. We conclude that the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, excluding sinus tachycardia. during FOB is low and that lidocaine anesthesia probably exerts a protective effect against the development of major arrhythmias during the procedure.
Southern Medical Journal, 1986
Four patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea were monitored first in the supine po... more Four patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea were monitored first in the supine posture to establish a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (apnea indices 33, 12, 22, 36). A second polysomnogram, obtained while the patients slept in the lateral posture, showed a dramatic decrease in apnea (apnea indices 5, 0, 0.2, and 0) and snoring. Each patient had an enlarged uvula, which moved to the side in the lateral posture. We conclude that sleeping in the lateral posture may be therapeutic in some patients with obstructive sleep apneas.