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Papers by Bassey Etim

In recent years, various out-of-band covert channels have been proposed that demonstrate the feas... more In recent years, various out-of-band covert channels have been proposed that demonstrate the feasibility of leaking data out of computers without the need for network connectivity. The methods proposed have been based on different type of electromagnetic, acoustic, and thermal emissions. However, optical channels have largely been considered less covert: because they are visible to the human eye and hence can be detected, they have received less attention from researchers. In this paper, we introduce VisiSploit, a new type of optical covert channel which, unlike other optical methods, is also stealthy. Our method exploits the limitations of human visual perception in order to unobtrusively leak data through a standard computer LCD display. Our experiments show that very low contrast or fast flickering images which are invisible to human subjects, can be recovered from photos taken by a camera. Consequentially, we show that malicious code on a compromised computer can obtain sensitiv...

Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 2020

IntroductIon Solar maculopathy (also known as photic retinopathy, foveomacular retinitis, solar r... more IntroductIon Solar maculopathy (also known as photic retinopathy, foveomacular retinitis, solar retinitis, and eclipse retinopathy) refers to photochemical toxicity and resultant injury to retinal tissues, usually occurring at the fovea. [1] The longer wavelength end of ultraviolet-A (365-440 nm), visible (400-700 nm), and near infrared (IR) (IRA, 700-1400 nm) light not absorbed by the cornea, lens, and aqueous humour pass through the ocular media, converge on the retina and are absorbed by the photoreceptors and lipofuscin-containing retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) causing damage. [2] They exert their effects on the retina, especially the macula. Histopathological studies have confirmed that the primary lesion occurs in the RPE layer with subsequent photoreceptor damage. [2]

King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2016

This paper presents an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based approach uniquely applied to permanent ... more This paper presents an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based approach uniquely applied to permanent magnet DC motor actuator for position control. The AI method employed in this work is fuzzy logic. A first order lag sliding mode controller is tuned and combined with an adaptive Fuzzy-PI controller architecture which operates in parallel. The controller architecture proposed in this study is aimed at improving the disturbance rejection capability, steady state as well as transient performance of the conventional adaptive Fuzzy-PI controller and sliding mode controller. Hence, the robust control law of the proposed controller (SM+FZ-PI) consists of a discontinuous sliding mode output added to a continuous adaptive Fuzzy-PI controller output. The sliding mode controller switches on only when disturbance in the system is detected. The performance of the proposed controller architecture has been compared with a conventional PID and adaptive Fuzzy-PI controllers for performance evaluation with respect to several operating conditions such as load torque disturbance injection, noise injection in feedback loop, motor non-linearity exhibited by parameters variation, and a step change in reference input demand. The proposed controller (SM+FZ-PI), had the best disturbance rejection and steady state error elimination.

The Permanente journal, 2015

This is a retrospective study of adult patients admitted to a large urban hospital, who had a nas... more This is a retrospective study of adult patients admitted to a large urban hospital, who had a nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and a lower respiratory tract culture within 48 hours of admission that the culture yielded Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed high sensitivity (93.3%) and negative predictive value (95.2%) of nasal PCR for MRSA in the lower respiratory tract. A nasal MRSA PCR test could guide the discontinuation of MRSA-directed empiric antibiotic therapy in patients who are unlikely to be infected with this organism.

Archives of International Surgery, 2013

ABSTRACT

International Ophthalmology, 2012

To determine the trend in frequency and clinical indications of surgical removal of eyes in a ter... more To determine the trend in frequency and clinical indications of surgical removal of eyes in a tertiary eye centre in Calabar, Nigeria. This is a 10-year retrospective review of patients who underwent surgical removal of eyes in a tertiary centre. The clinical records were reviewed (between Jan 2001 and Dec 2010) for demographic data, type of surgery, and clinical indications. A total of 137 eyes were surgically removed within the study period. Of these 46 were children (<16 years). There were 85 males and 52 females giving a M:F ratio of 1.6:1. Clinical indications for surgical eye removal include infective causes (32.1 %; perforated corneal ulcers, endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis), trauma (21.2 %), tumours (21.2 %), anterior staphyloma (13.1 %), and painful blind eyes (9.5 %). Phthisis bulbi, expulsive haemorrhage and aphakic bullous keratopathy accounted for the remaining 2.8 %. The eyes were removed by evisceration (63.5 %), enucleation (29.9 %) and modified exenteration (6.6 %). The commonest indication for eye removal in children was tumour (retinoblastoma). Eye removal in southern Nigeria is often due to infective causes (panophthalmitis and endophthalmitis), perforated corneal ulcer, mechanical trauma (blunt or open globe injury from gunshots or direct trauma), chemical burns, tumours, persistently painful blind eye and anterior staphyloma. Other indications for eye removal were phthisis bulbi, expulsive haemorrhage and aphakic bullous keratopathy.

It has been estimated that 285 million people are living with a visual impairment and 246 million... more It has been estimated that 285 million people are living with a visual impairment and 246 million of this population have low vision (Pascolini & Mariotti, 2011). This indicates that approximately 85% of people living with a visual impairment may have useful residual vision and could benefit from low vision rehabilitation as against rehabilitation involving alternative sensory stimulation, such as, braille literacy or the use of audio (Bruce, McKennell, & Walker, 1991; Culham et al., 2002; Markowitz, 2006). Low vision impacts on an individual"s ability to undertake vision dependent tasks associated with daily living (Hodge,

Abstract: Studies were conducted on the distribution and occurrence of microcrustaceans in Uwanse... more Abstract: Studies were conducted on the distribution and occurrence of microcrustaceans in Uwanse Stream Calabar, Nigeria between October 2009 and February, 2010 (October 2009), 0.955 (December, 2009) and 1.043 (February, 2010 (February, 2010). Evenness (E) was 0.915 (October 2009), 0.884 (December, 2009) and 0.891 (February, 2010. Simpson index was 0.805 (October 2009), 0.801 (December, 2009) and 0.789 (J February, 2010

This work was designed to investigate the antihypertensive properties of aqueous extract of Tetra... more This work was designed to investigate the antihypertensive properties of aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum (TC) in salt-induced hypertensive rats. A total of thirty (30) male wistar rats were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into six groups (A-F) of five rats each. Hypertension was induced in the rats except group A which served as the normotensive control group. The rats in groups (B-F) were placed on 8% NaCl in the diet/drinking water for 21 days and then treated with 70 mg/kg, 140 mg/kg, 210 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum (AETC) and lisinopril 5 mg/kg respectively for additional 21 days. Acute toxicity studies using LD50 assays showed AETC to be virtually non-toxic (LD50 >700mg/kg body weight). Phytochemical analysis of crude extract indicates the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and Phenols. Salt loading significantly increased the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)...

European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2014

The response of some haematological parameters in neonatal albino rats to different filtrate dosa... more The response of some haematological parameters in neonatal albino rats to different filtrate dosages of cell free extracts of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 obtained from human, cattle and chicken sources were investigated. At higher levels of extracts administration [1.0ml and 2.0ml], Packed cell volume [PCV], Haemoglobin count [HBC] and Red Blood cell Count [RBC] had highest decrease with human faeces isolates [IHF] from 49.9 to 48.0%, 12.0-10.4g dl-1 and 7.7 to 7.6 x 109 ml-1 respectively. White Blood count [WBC], Erythrocytes sedimentation Rate [ESR), Lymphocytes and Neutrophils counts on the other hand had highest increase with cattle isolates [ICT] ranging from 4.0 to 8.2 x 106 ml-1, 3.0 to 6.0x106 ml-1, 2.20 to 3.80 x 106 ml-1 and 1.60 to 3.90 x 106 ml-1 respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant difference [P<0.05] in the effects of the filtrate dosages on neutrophils and PCV in all the isolates. Significant difference [p<0.05] on the effects of the various dosage...

2018 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2018

This work proposes a hierarchical control based power management strategy exploiting an adaptive ... more This work proposes a hierarchical control based power management strategy exploiting an adaptive Power Pinch analysis algorithm. The power pinch analysis is aided via the insight-based graphical power grand composite curve (PGCC) of the hybrid energy storage system's (HESS) model. This results in the identification of an optimal power management strategy (PMS), effected at the beginning of a control horizon on the HESS. However, a recent study showed that weather and load uncertainty distorts the desired shaped PGCC and consequently leads to the violation of the energy storage's state of charge operating set points. In this work in order to negate the effect of uncertainty, the current output state is utilized as a feedback control. The PGCC is shaped within a receding horizon model predictive control framework. The PGCC re-computation ensues only if the error variance, due to uncertainty, between the real and the estimated battery's state of charge (SOAccBAT) is greater...

This paper presents the analysis of a real-time experimental and simulation results from a series... more This paper presents the analysis of a real-time experimental and simulation results from a series of tests performed on a newly constructed three phase flexible invertercapable of operating in two modes; DC-AC inverter or DC-DC converter. A control algorithm is used to select one of the pre-programmed mode, where one of which may be applied for variable speed control of a three phase brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The inverter generates three pairs of unequal but fixed duty cycle pulse width modulation (PWM) pulses at a constant frequency which may be varied. The inverter as a single variable DC power supply and a single variable AC supply has also been simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK software to investigate the effect of motor and control parameter variation such as Motor load inductance, duty cycle of the reference input and the triangular wave carrier frequency respectively. Keyword: BLDC motor, Flexible inverter, H-Bridge, PWM, Speed Control,

Studies were conducted on the distribution and occurrence of microcrustaceans in Uwanse Stream Ca... more Studies were conducted on the distribution and occurrence of microcrustaceans in Uwanse Stream Calabar, Nigeria between October 2009 and February, 2010. The objectives of this study was to determine the abundance and diversity of microcrustaceans in the Stream. A total of 523 individuals of microcrustaceans belonging to three (3) taxonomic groups (copepoda, cladocera and decapoda) were recorded during the three months sampling period as follows: October 2009, 214 individuals (40.91 %), December 2009, 188 (35.95%) and February 2010, 121 individuals (23.14%). Ecological indices of Microcrustaceans from Uwanse stream showed species were more diverse and richer in a rainy monty (October) than dry season months (December and February). Margalef index (D) was 0.932 (October 2009), 0.955 (December, 2009) and 1.043 (February, 2010). Shanon Wiener (H) was 1.703 (October 2009), 1.688 (December, 2009) and

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology

Objective: To assess the knowledge, beliefs, and practices among participants with diabetes melli... more Objective: To assess the knowledge, beliefs, and practices among participants with diabetes mellitus (DM) receiving care at a tertiary government hospital in Calabar, Nigeria, on DM and diabetic eye disease. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study where serial recruitment of consenting participants was performed. Ethical approval was obtained from the hospitals’ ethics committee. Data were obtained using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were collated and analyzed using the SPSS for Windows (version 20; SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and continuous variables as means. Results: Of the 123 study participants, majority 87 (70.7%) were females and 36 (29.3%) were males. Forty-three (35%) had a duration of DM greater than 10 years. A total of 54 (44%) had good knowledge of DM. One hundred and six (86.2%) had the knowledge that regular eye checkups for a diabetic person was important, and 92 (69.9%) knew that DM could affect vision, whereas 84 (68.3%) believed that DM frequently affects vision. Eye-health-seeking behavior was good in 83 (67.5%) of participants, and an ophthalmologist was the medical personnel sought for by most participants. Conclusion: The knowledge of diabetic eye disease as a potential cause of vision loss among study participants was good. However, the knowledge on DM was poor in majority of study participants. The beliefs and practice toward eye-health were also good. Sustained health education including eye health education will most likely improve the knowledge base of DM and encourage early presentation for eye evaluation in patients with DM.

Ghana Medical Journal

Objective: To assess the level of satisfaction of patients who access the Ophthalmic counselling ... more Objective: To assess the level of satisfaction of patients who access the Ophthalmic counselling services anchored by trained social workers of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, NigeriaMethods: A cross-sectional study of serial consenting participants was done. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Calabar Teaching hospitals’ ethics committee. Data was obtained using a semi-structured intervieweradministeredquestionnaire. Data were collated and analyzed using the SPSS for Windows (version 20, SPSS inc. Chicago, IL, USA). Modified Likert scale (very satisfied, satisfied and not satisfied) was used to rate the satisfaction level.Results: A total of 120 respondents met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled into the study. Majority of the respondents (60%) were male with an overall mean age of 45.32± 1.82. Over a quarter (28.3%) of the respondents were in the age bracket of 41-50. Glaucoma (48.3%) was the most common eye condition of the respondents...

Background:Occupational predisposition to dry eye disease is known. Simultaneous exposure to mult... more Background:Occupational predisposition to dry eye disease is known. Simultaneous exposure to multiple factors may pose more risk. Street sweepers are exposed to sunlight in addition to dust which all sweepers are exposed to. This study aims to assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) amongst Street sweepers and Office cleaners in Calabar metropolis.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted among street sweepers and office cleaners. A systematic random sampling and multi-stage sampling method was used to select street sweepers (n=115) and office cleaners (n=115) respectively for the study. A pretested semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain information after which the respondents had an ophthalmic examination. An assessment of DED was done with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer’s test and tear break up time (TBUT).Results:Majority of respondents were females 215(93.5%) compared to males 15 (6.5%). The overall mean ...

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology

Purpose: This article reports a case of corneal injury following a splash from the sap of plantai... more Purpose: This article reports a case of corneal injury following a splash from the sap of plantain stem. Case Report: A 54-year-old female presented with a history of plantain stem sap splash into her right eye of 7-h duration with associated ocular pain, tearing, photophobia, and blurring of vision. On ocular examination, visual acuity was 6/18 OD; slit lamp examination revealed a well-delineated fluorescein-positive corneal epithelial defect with associated mild stromal edema. Left eye examination was essentially normal. She washed her face and eyes with water immediately after the splash and further had eye irrigation by attending ophthalmologist on presentation. The patient was immediately commenced on prednisolone, moxifloxacin, cyclopentolate, and ascorbate eye drops and tetracycline ointment. Corneal edema resolved in 4 days whereas the epithelial defect was completely healed by day 12 and visual acuity was restored to 6/6. Conclusion: Although farmers are exposed daily to various types of eye injuries from parts of plants, this report highlights corneal eye injury following plantain stem sap splash in a farmer who did not use protective eye goggles while working in the farm and how prompt institution of treatment can sight loss and loss of corneal integrity.

Energy

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Journal of Neurology & Stroke

Aim: The study was done to identify the types and determine the frequency of ocular abnormalities... more Aim: The study was done to identify the types and determine the frequency of ocular abnormalities in patients diagnosed with stroke in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. It is a hospital based observational study where all consecutive stroke patients, both old and new cases who met inclusion criteria were examined for ocular abnormalities. Data were collected and analyzed with SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, charts, means and standard deviation) were used to summarize the variables. Results: A total of 760 eyes of 380 patients were examined. The mean age was 59.5 years ±11.1 with age range 18 to 87 years. There were 197 males (51.8%) and 183 (48.2%) females. The frequency of ocular abnormalities was 91.1%. The most common ocular abnormalities were hypertensive retinopathy (30%), lens opacities (29.7%), ocular surface disorder (17.1%), facial nerve palsy (15.5%) and glaucoma (15.5%). Conclusion: The frequency of ocular abnormalities and visual impairment is higher in stroke patients than in the general population; though the author recognizes that hospital based studies may not fully represent the true picture of the general population. The abnormalities can worsen the associated morbidity of stroke especially as many of the stroke patients are not aware of these ocular abnormalities. Routine ocular evaluation should be included in the clinical evaluation of stroke patients. Identification and management of the ocular abnormalities could significantly reduce their morbidity

In recent years, various out-of-band covert channels have been proposed that demonstrate the feas... more In recent years, various out-of-band covert channels have been proposed that demonstrate the feasibility of leaking data out of computers without the need for network connectivity. The methods proposed have been based on different type of electromagnetic, acoustic, and thermal emissions. However, optical channels have largely been considered less covert: because they are visible to the human eye and hence can be detected, they have received less attention from researchers. In this paper, we introduce VisiSploit, a new type of optical covert channel which, unlike other optical methods, is also stealthy. Our method exploits the limitations of human visual perception in order to unobtrusively leak data through a standard computer LCD display. Our experiments show that very low contrast or fast flickering images which are invisible to human subjects, can be recovered from photos taken by a camera. Consequentially, we show that malicious code on a compromised computer can obtain sensitiv...

Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 2020

IntroductIon Solar maculopathy (also known as photic retinopathy, foveomacular retinitis, solar r... more IntroductIon Solar maculopathy (also known as photic retinopathy, foveomacular retinitis, solar retinitis, and eclipse retinopathy) refers to photochemical toxicity and resultant injury to retinal tissues, usually occurring at the fovea. [1] The longer wavelength end of ultraviolet-A (365-440 nm), visible (400-700 nm), and near infrared (IR) (IRA, 700-1400 nm) light not absorbed by the cornea, lens, and aqueous humour pass through the ocular media, converge on the retina and are absorbed by the photoreceptors and lipofuscin-containing retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) causing damage. [2] They exert their effects on the retina, especially the macula. Histopathological studies have confirmed that the primary lesion occurs in the RPE layer with subsequent photoreceptor damage. [2]

King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2016

This paper presents an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based approach uniquely applied to permanent ... more This paper presents an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based approach uniquely applied to permanent magnet DC motor actuator for position control. The AI method employed in this work is fuzzy logic. A first order lag sliding mode controller is tuned and combined with an adaptive Fuzzy-PI controller architecture which operates in parallel. The controller architecture proposed in this study is aimed at improving the disturbance rejection capability, steady state as well as transient performance of the conventional adaptive Fuzzy-PI controller and sliding mode controller. Hence, the robust control law of the proposed controller (SM+FZ-PI) consists of a discontinuous sliding mode output added to a continuous adaptive Fuzzy-PI controller output. The sliding mode controller switches on only when disturbance in the system is detected. The performance of the proposed controller architecture has been compared with a conventional PID and adaptive Fuzzy-PI controllers for performance evaluation with respect to several operating conditions such as load torque disturbance injection, noise injection in feedback loop, motor non-linearity exhibited by parameters variation, and a step change in reference input demand. The proposed controller (SM+FZ-PI), had the best disturbance rejection and steady state error elimination.

The Permanente journal, 2015

This is a retrospective study of adult patients admitted to a large urban hospital, who had a nas... more This is a retrospective study of adult patients admitted to a large urban hospital, who had a nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and a lower respiratory tract culture within 48 hours of admission that the culture yielded Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed high sensitivity (93.3%) and negative predictive value (95.2%) of nasal PCR for MRSA in the lower respiratory tract. A nasal MRSA PCR test could guide the discontinuation of MRSA-directed empiric antibiotic therapy in patients who are unlikely to be infected with this organism.

Archives of International Surgery, 2013

ABSTRACT

International Ophthalmology, 2012

To determine the trend in frequency and clinical indications of surgical removal of eyes in a ter... more To determine the trend in frequency and clinical indications of surgical removal of eyes in a tertiary eye centre in Calabar, Nigeria. This is a 10-year retrospective review of patients who underwent surgical removal of eyes in a tertiary centre. The clinical records were reviewed (between Jan 2001 and Dec 2010) for demographic data, type of surgery, and clinical indications. A total of 137 eyes were surgically removed within the study period. Of these 46 were children (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;16 years). There were 85 males and 52 females giving a M:F ratio of 1.6:1. Clinical indications for surgical eye removal include infective causes (32.1 %; perforated corneal ulcers, endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis), trauma (21.2 %), tumours (21.2 %), anterior staphyloma (13.1 %), and painful blind eyes (9.5 %). Phthisis bulbi, expulsive haemorrhage and aphakic bullous keratopathy accounted for the remaining 2.8 %. The eyes were removed by evisceration (63.5 %), enucleation (29.9 %) and modified exenteration (6.6 %). The commonest indication for eye removal in children was tumour (retinoblastoma). Eye removal in southern Nigeria is often due to infective causes (panophthalmitis and endophthalmitis), perforated corneal ulcer, mechanical trauma (blunt or open globe injury from gunshots or direct trauma), chemical burns, tumours, persistently painful blind eye and anterior staphyloma. Other indications for eye removal were phthisis bulbi, expulsive haemorrhage and aphakic bullous keratopathy.

It has been estimated that 285 million people are living with a visual impairment and 246 million... more It has been estimated that 285 million people are living with a visual impairment and 246 million of this population have low vision (Pascolini & Mariotti, 2011). This indicates that approximately 85% of people living with a visual impairment may have useful residual vision and could benefit from low vision rehabilitation as against rehabilitation involving alternative sensory stimulation, such as, braille literacy or the use of audio (Bruce, McKennell, & Walker, 1991; Culham et al., 2002; Markowitz, 2006). Low vision impacts on an individual"s ability to undertake vision dependent tasks associated with daily living (Hodge,

Abstract: Studies were conducted on the distribution and occurrence of microcrustaceans in Uwanse... more Abstract: Studies were conducted on the distribution and occurrence of microcrustaceans in Uwanse Stream Calabar, Nigeria between October 2009 and February, 2010 (October 2009), 0.955 (December, 2009) and 1.043 (February, 2010 (February, 2010). Evenness (E) was 0.915 (October 2009), 0.884 (December, 2009) and 0.891 (February, 2010. Simpson index was 0.805 (October 2009), 0.801 (December, 2009) and 0.789 (J February, 2010

This work was designed to investigate the antihypertensive properties of aqueous extract of Tetra... more This work was designed to investigate the antihypertensive properties of aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum (TC) in salt-induced hypertensive rats. A total of thirty (30) male wistar rats were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into six groups (A-F) of five rats each. Hypertension was induced in the rats except group A which served as the normotensive control group. The rats in groups (B-F) were placed on 8% NaCl in the diet/drinking water for 21 days and then treated with 70 mg/kg, 140 mg/kg, 210 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum (AETC) and lisinopril 5 mg/kg respectively for additional 21 days. Acute toxicity studies using LD50 assays showed AETC to be virtually non-toxic (LD50 >700mg/kg body weight). Phytochemical analysis of crude extract indicates the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and Phenols. Salt loading significantly increased the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)...

European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2014

The response of some haematological parameters in neonatal albino rats to different filtrate dosa... more The response of some haematological parameters in neonatal albino rats to different filtrate dosages of cell free extracts of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 obtained from human, cattle and chicken sources were investigated. At higher levels of extracts administration [1.0ml and 2.0ml], Packed cell volume [PCV], Haemoglobin count [HBC] and Red Blood cell Count [RBC] had highest decrease with human faeces isolates [IHF] from 49.9 to 48.0%, 12.0-10.4g dl-1 and 7.7 to 7.6 x 109 ml-1 respectively. White Blood count [WBC], Erythrocytes sedimentation Rate [ESR), Lymphocytes and Neutrophils counts on the other hand had highest increase with cattle isolates [ICT] ranging from 4.0 to 8.2 x 106 ml-1, 3.0 to 6.0x106 ml-1, 2.20 to 3.80 x 106 ml-1 and 1.60 to 3.90 x 106 ml-1 respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant difference [P<0.05] in the effects of the filtrate dosages on neutrophils and PCV in all the isolates. Significant difference [p<0.05] on the effects of the various dosage...

2018 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2018

This work proposes a hierarchical control based power management strategy exploiting an adaptive ... more This work proposes a hierarchical control based power management strategy exploiting an adaptive Power Pinch analysis algorithm. The power pinch analysis is aided via the insight-based graphical power grand composite curve (PGCC) of the hybrid energy storage system's (HESS) model. This results in the identification of an optimal power management strategy (PMS), effected at the beginning of a control horizon on the HESS. However, a recent study showed that weather and load uncertainty distorts the desired shaped PGCC and consequently leads to the violation of the energy storage's state of charge operating set points. In this work in order to negate the effect of uncertainty, the current output state is utilized as a feedback control. The PGCC is shaped within a receding horizon model predictive control framework. The PGCC re-computation ensues only if the error variance, due to uncertainty, between the real and the estimated battery's state of charge (SOAccBAT) is greater...

This paper presents the analysis of a real-time experimental and simulation results from a series... more This paper presents the analysis of a real-time experimental and simulation results from a series of tests performed on a newly constructed three phase flexible invertercapable of operating in two modes; DC-AC inverter or DC-DC converter. A control algorithm is used to select one of the pre-programmed mode, where one of which may be applied for variable speed control of a three phase brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The inverter generates three pairs of unequal but fixed duty cycle pulse width modulation (PWM) pulses at a constant frequency which may be varied. The inverter as a single variable DC power supply and a single variable AC supply has also been simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK software to investigate the effect of motor and control parameter variation such as Motor load inductance, duty cycle of the reference input and the triangular wave carrier frequency respectively. Keyword: BLDC motor, Flexible inverter, H-Bridge, PWM, Speed Control,

Studies were conducted on the distribution and occurrence of microcrustaceans in Uwanse Stream Ca... more Studies were conducted on the distribution and occurrence of microcrustaceans in Uwanse Stream Calabar, Nigeria between October 2009 and February, 2010. The objectives of this study was to determine the abundance and diversity of microcrustaceans in the Stream. A total of 523 individuals of microcrustaceans belonging to three (3) taxonomic groups (copepoda, cladocera and decapoda) were recorded during the three months sampling period as follows: October 2009, 214 individuals (40.91 %), December 2009, 188 (35.95%) and February 2010, 121 individuals (23.14%). Ecological indices of Microcrustaceans from Uwanse stream showed species were more diverse and richer in a rainy monty (October) than dry season months (December and February). Margalef index (D) was 0.932 (October 2009), 0.955 (December, 2009) and 1.043 (February, 2010). Shanon Wiener (H) was 1.703 (October 2009), 1.688 (December, 2009) and

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology

Objective: To assess the knowledge, beliefs, and practices among participants with diabetes melli... more Objective: To assess the knowledge, beliefs, and practices among participants with diabetes mellitus (DM) receiving care at a tertiary government hospital in Calabar, Nigeria, on DM and diabetic eye disease. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study where serial recruitment of consenting participants was performed. Ethical approval was obtained from the hospitals’ ethics committee. Data were obtained using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were collated and analyzed using the SPSS for Windows (version 20; SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and continuous variables as means. Results: Of the 123 study participants, majority 87 (70.7%) were females and 36 (29.3%) were males. Forty-three (35%) had a duration of DM greater than 10 years. A total of 54 (44%) had good knowledge of DM. One hundred and six (86.2%) had the knowledge that regular eye checkups for a diabetic person was important, and 92 (69.9%) knew that DM could affect vision, whereas 84 (68.3%) believed that DM frequently affects vision. Eye-health-seeking behavior was good in 83 (67.5%) of participants, and an ophthalmologist was the medical personnel sought for by most participants. Conclusion: The knowledge of diabetic eye disease as a potential cause of vision loss among study participants was good. However, the knowledge on DM was poor in majority of study participants. The beliefs and practice toward eye-health were also good. Sustained health education including eye health education will most likely improve the knowledge base of DM and encourage early presentation for eye evaluation in patients with DM.

Ghana Medical Journal

Objective: To assess the level of satisfaction of patients who access the Ophthalmic counselling ... more Objective: To assess the level of satisfaction of patients who access the Ophthalmic counselling services anchored by trained social workers of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, NigeriaMethods: A cross-sectional study of serial consenting participants was done. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Calabar Teaching hospitals’ ethics committee. Data was obtained using a semi-structured intervieweradministeredquestionnaire. Data were collated and analyzed using the SPSS for Windows (version 20, SPSS inc. Chicago, IL, USA). Modified Likert scale (very satisfied, satisfied and not satisfied) was used to rate the satisfaction level.Results: A total of 120 respondents met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled into the study. Majority of the respondents (60%) were male with an overall mean age of 45.32± 1.82. Over a quarter (28.3%) of the respondents were in the age bracket of 41-50. Glaucoma (48.3%) was the most common eye condition of the respondents...

Background:Occupational predisposition to dry eye disease is known. Simultaneous exposure to mult... more Background:Occupational predisposition to dry eye disease is known. Simultaneous exposure to multiple factors may pose more risk. Street sweepers are exposed to sunlight in addition to dust which all sweepers are exposed to. This study aims to assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) amongst Street sweepers and Office cleaners in Calabar metropolis.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted among street sweepers and office cleaners. A systematic random sampling and multi-stage sampling method was used to select street sweepers (n=115) and office cleaners (n=115) respectively for the study. A pretested semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain information after which the respondents had an ophthalmic examination. An assessment of DED was done with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer’s test and tear break up time (TBUT).Results:Majority of respondents were females 215(93.5%) compared to males 15 (6.5%). The overall mean ...

Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology

Purpose: This article reports a case of corneal injury following a splash from the sap of plantai... more Purpose: This article reports a case of corneal injury following a splash from the sap of plantain stem. Case Report: A 54-year-old female presented with a history of plantain stem sap splash into her right eye of 7-h duration with associated ocular pain, tearing, photophobia, and blurring of vision. On ocular examination, visual acuity was 6/18 OD; slit lamp examination revealed a well-delineated fluorescein-positive corneal epithelial defect with associated mild stromal edema. Left eye examination was essentially normal. She washed her face and eyes with water immediately after the splash and further had eye irrigation by attending ophthalmologist on presentation. The patient was immediately commenced on prednisolone, moxifloxacin, cyclopentolate, and ascorbate eye drops and tetracycline ointment. Corneal edema resolved in 4 days whereas the epithelial defect was completely healed by day 12 and visual acuity was restored to 6/6. Conclusion: Although farmers are exposed daily to various types of eye injuries from parts of plants, this report highlights corneal eye injury following plantain stem sap splash in a farmer who did not use protective eye goggles while working in the farm and how prompt institution of treatment can sight loss and loss of corneal integrity.

Energy

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Journal of Neurology & Stroke

Aim: The study was done to identify the types and determine the frequency of ocular abnormalities... more Aim: The study was done to identify the types and determine the frequency of ocular abnormalities in patients diagnosed with stroke in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. It is a hospital based observational study where all consecutive stroke patients, both old and new cases who met inclusion criteria were examined for ocular abnormalities. Data were collected and analyzed with SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, charts, means and standard deviation) were used to summarize the variables. Results: A total of 760 eyes of 380 patients were examined. The mean age was 59.5 years ±11.1 with age range 18 to 87 years. There were 197 males (51.8%) and 183 (48.2%) females. The frequency of ocular abnormalities was 91.1%. The most common ocular abnormalities were hypertensive retinopathy (30%), lens opacities (29.7%), ocular surface disorder (17.1%), facial nerve palsy (15.5%) and glaucoma (15.5%). Conclusion: The frequency of ocular abnormalities and visual impairment is higher in stroke patients than in the general population; though the author recognizes that hospital based studies may not fully represent the true picture of the general population. The abnormalities can worsen the associated morbidity of stroke especially as many of the stroke patients are not aware of these ocular abnormalities. Routine ocular evaluation should be included in the clinical evaluation of stroke patients. Identification and management of the ocular abnormalities could significantly reduce their morbidity