Madeeha Batool - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Madeeha Batool

International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 2021

Epoxides are one of the important precursors for the formation of organic compounds with oxygen a... more Epoxides are one of the important precursors for the formation of organic compounds with oxygen as they undergo ring-opening reactions easily to form bifunctional compounds. Homogeneous catalysts have been used in producing epoxide compounds. However, as these types of catalysts require further separation processes as well as corrosive issues, heterogeneous catalysts have received massive attention. In this study, natural clay from montmorillonite K10 (MMT-K10) was modified via the incorporation of VO(acac)2 at various concentrations. The result of XRD indicated that the crystalline nature of incorporated MMT-K10 was maintained with the 001 basal spacing calculated to be 9.95 Å. The AAS suggested that VO(acac)2 complex has been successfully incorporated onto MMT-K10 with the increasing amount of vanadium element as the concentration of vanadium complex solution increased. The catalytic activity of the vanadium complex supported on MMT-K10 showed that 20% of cyclohexene was converted with 70% selectivity to cyclohexene oxide using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant. Disciplinary: Chemistry (Heterogeneous Catalysis).

Sustainable Textiles, 2022

Chapter 1: Introduction A brief introduction to TRIR spectroscopy and its application to the stud... more Chapter 1: Introduction A brief introduction to TRIR spectroscopy and its application to the study of reactive intermediates of organometallic complexes are provided. Chapter 2: The Photochemistry of Group VII NHC and Phosphine Complexes An introduction to the photochemistry of organometallic N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of the Group VII metals Mn and Re and a comparison with the analogous phosphine complexes is described. The photochemistry of the complexes has been studied using fast time resolved infrared spectroscopy (ns to IlS timescales). This Chapter explains the stability of metal-NHC bonds compared with metal-phosphine. The nature and reactivity of the intermediates of these complexes with alkanes in the presence of CO has been explained by analyzing a range of sterically different NHC complexes. Their rate constants have been determined in different alkane solvents to compare the reactivity of the phosphine and carbene complexes towards different alkanes. Evidence for ...

Chemical Papers, Aug 16, 2023

Water Air and Soil Pollution, May 16, 2023

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Oct 6, 2021

Urban soil contamination with heavy metals is an indispensable phenomenon with grave implications... more Urban soil contamination with heavy metals is an indispensable phenomenon with grave implications on environmental and public health. The status and contamination sources of eight heavy metals were evaluated in urban soils of district Hyderabad, Pakistan through spatial variability mapping, using geographic information system (GIS) and multivariate analysis. The study involved 415 samples collected from the urban surface (1–25 cm depth) soils of district Hyderabad, Pakistan, using 1 × 1 km grid (for densely populated and industrial areas) or 2 × 2 km grid (from areas with buildings, roads, and other structures). The samples were properly processed in the laboratory and analysed on inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The metal clustering, correlation, and principal component analysis (PCA) suggested two groups of elements under study, the first including Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn and the second containing As, Mn and Cr. Higher values and relative standard deviation (RSD) advocated the anthropogenic origin of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn and the natural abundance of As, Mn and Cr. The histograms and box-plots of Cd, Ni and Pb were also found abnormally distributed. Moreover, pollution index (PI) of Cd and Pb was > 1.0, i.e. 1.390 and 1.135, respectively. The GIS-based spatial variability geochemical maps, developed through inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation technique, highlighted the hotspots of metal contamination from various environmental sources, like, the highest concentration of Zn (125.1 mg kg−1) and Pb (76.4 mg kg−1) was found in city centre which suggested traffic emission mostly from the vehicle tires as main contamination source. The second highest concentration of Pb was observed in the surface soil associated with the Phulleli canal, passes through the Hyderabad city, which is under the threat of waste material deposited because of anthropogenic and industrial activities. In case of Ni, three hotspots were observed including the industrial area of Hyderabad, the city centre and the Phulleli canal with the average concentration of 57.0 mg kg−1. The single potential ecological risk (PER) index suggested moderate and considerable PER only in case of Cd with mean and highest values of 41.71 and 142.09, respectively. In all samples, Cd posed 27.70% moderate PER and 4.58% considerable PER. The integrated PER index of all elements suggested that majority (95%) of samples had low PER with a risk index of < 150 low PER, while 5% samples had moderate PER with a risk index of 151–185. The spatial variability geochemical maps were developed, highlighting the integrated PER of heavy metal in Hyderabad, Pakistan, can be used by the government, policy makers, stakeholders for future planning and R&D activities.

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, Aug 12, 2023

Journal of Chemistry, 2016

The effect of the catalysts on the pyrolysis of commercial low density polyethylene (LDPE) has be... more The effect of the catalysts on the pyrolysis of commercial low density polyethylene (LDPE) has been studied in a batch reactor. The thermal catalytic cracking of the LDPE has been done using cetyltrimethyl ammonium encapsulated monovacant keggin units (C 19 H 42 N) 4 H 3 (PW 11 O 39), labeled as CTA-POM and compared with the ZSM-5 catalyst. GC-MS results showed that catalytic cracking of LDPE beads generated oilier fraction over CTA-POM as compared to ZSM-5. Thus, the use of CTA-POM is more significant because it yields more useful fraction. It was also found that the temperature required for the thermal degradation of LDPE was lower when CTA-POM was used as a catalyst while high temperature was required for degradation over ZSM-5 catalyst. Better activity of CTA-POM was due to hydrophobic nature of CTA moiety which helps in catalyst mobility and increases its interaction with hydrocarbons.

Research Square (Research Square), Apr 28, 2023

Selectivity and sensitivity of A (1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-(N-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-pyrazolin-5-... more Selectivity and sensitivity of A (1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-(N-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-pyrazolin-5-one) and B (1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-(N-2-hydroxynaphthylidene)-3-pyrazolin-5-one) toward different anions i.e. Cl-, I-, H 2 PO 4-, Br-, SCN-, HSO 4-, Fand OHin acetonitrile was determined using naked eye sensing and UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Studies showed a prominent color change from colorless to yellow and a concomitant UV-Vis red shift on addition of Fand OHto A and B both. In order to understand the mechanism of interaction between anions (Fand OH-) and Schiff base receptors (A and B), DFT calculations have also been performed which revealed a a proton transfer mechanism from Schiff base to Fand OH-. However, the interaction between B and OHproved to be unstable. Moreover, a gradual increase in uoride and hydroxide ions concentration resulted in gradual color intensi cation. The detection limits of uoride were determined to be 4.09x10-5 M with A, 1.32 x10-5 M with B and hydroxyl ion 2.12x10-5 M with A using calibration curves. Findings of the Job's plot investigation indicated a 1:1 binding of Fwith both A and B and OHwith A. The binding constant (Ka) values of OHand Fwith A are 1.51x10 8 M-1 and 4.98 × 10 6 M-1 respectively, whereas, B has a Ka value of 2.45x10 3 M-1 with F- .

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, May 22, 2023

Applied Nanoscience, May 28, 2021

Pesticides are the most perilous organic compounds that are of major human health concern. The ha... more Pesticides are the most perilous organic compounds that are of major human health concern. The hazardous pesticides such as bentazone (BTZN) and mexacarbate (MCBT) which badly cause the environmental pollution and pose lethal impacts on human health. In an effort to develop a highly efficient, reliable and sensitive electrochemical sensor, the novel CuO nanostructures were synthesized through easy and green aqueous chemical growth procedure and used as sensitive probe for the simultaneous determination of bentazone and mexacarbate pesticides. The prepared material was used as conductive and catalytic tool for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The exquisite CuO nanostructures were characterized by FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD, EDS, zeta sizer and zeta potential to reveal the functionalities, morphological texture, crystallinity, size and existing charge on the surface of nanostructures. The conductive nature and charge transfer kinetics of CuO/GCE was explored through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under the optimized parameters, the sensitive and reliable simultaneous determination of two pesticides was carried out via CV and DPV that exhibited fluent determination process. The Ipa response was linearly proportional to the concentration of pesticides with low LOD and LOQ observed as (0.008 and 0.026 µM) for bentazone and (0.0015 and 0.004 µM) for mexacarbate, which is lower than the permissible limit set by US Health Advisory Level. Moreover, the developed sensor manifested tunable reusability, stability, and selectivity for both analytes. The proposed method is a reliable step towards the on-site detection of pesticides in various resources.

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, Aug 3, 2022

Water Practice & Technology

The Lahore Canal (LC) in Lahore city of Pakistan, with the discharge of 402 cusecs, runs along th... more The Lahore Canal (LC) in Lahore city of Pakistan, with the discharge of 402 cusecs, runs along the city's centre. With rapid urbanization and population growth, the LC water is deteriorating. This study determined the water quality index and spatial distribution of pollutants. Three months of sampling from six separate locations were performed. Water quality parameters were analysed. The results indicated that pH, solids, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, and chlorides were within guidelines, but DO BOD and nitrogen were beyond guidelines. Moderate BOD values (2.24–8.06 mg/L) and low DO values (0.13–3.56 mg/L) indicated a low oxygen environment. Heavy metal concentration was as follows: Fe > Pb > Cr > Cu. The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated ± poor to moderate (0.3–0.7) correlation. The ANOVA result supported the alternative hypothesis, i.e., the pollutants originated from the same source. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed three primary so...

DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2022

Phenolic compounds are present in human food, pharmaceuticals, dyes, antiseptics, cosmetics pesti... more Phenolic compounds are present in human food, pharmaceuticals, dyes, antiseptics, cosmetics pesticides, and traditional medicine. Phenolic compounds are very toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause tissue erosion, paralysis of the central nervous system, denaturing of protein, and damage to the kidney, liver, and pancreas. These compounds are toxic even at extremely low concentrations hence treatment is required. In this study resorcinol, phenyl diamine, and 2-naphthol were treated using different forms of rice husk, that is, raw rice husk powder thermally treated rice husk powder and chemically treated rice husk powder. The characterization of these adsorbents showed the existence of C=O and OH functional groups and silica as a major component. The method was developed by using a standard solution of phenolic compounds having a limit of detection (2.9-7.89 ppm) and a limit of quantification (2.3-8.7). Optimization of parameters showed that an adsorbent dose of 20 g gave maximum removal efficiency for phenolic compounds (80%). The initial concentration of phenols was optimized at 40 ppm. Langmuir isotherm showed thermal treated and raw rice husk powder followed uni-layer model while Freundlich and Temkin isotherms showed mixed affinity of adsorbents with phenols under study. The overall adsorption of phenols was a physical endothermic process as suggested by Dubinin-Radushkevich and Flory-Huggins isotherms.

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

A population study has been performed for Pakistani ballpoint pen inks of blue, black, red, and g... more A population study has been performed for Pakistani ballpoint pen inks of blue, black, red, and green colors (a total of four colors) commercially used in Pakistan. Ballpoint pen inks have been investigated and discriminated by using UV/Vis spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. We have calculated and compared the results in terms of discriminating power (DP). The statistical techniques of principal component analysis and cluster analysis have been applied on obtained data. By visual comparison, the best DP is obtained for green ballpoint pen inks, i.e., 0.866 by using UV/Vis spectroscopy and FTIR techniques. Black and red ballpoint pen inks showed the highest DPs by using UV/Vis spectroscopy; however, blue ballpoint pen inks got the highest DP by using FTIR spectroscopy. DP has been improved by using chemometric techniques and higher DPs are obtained as compared to visual examination.

Environmental Research, Sep 1, 2022