Batuhan Bal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Batuhan Bal

Background: The steady increase in the consumption of fossil fuels in modern society has caused s... more Background: The steady increase in the consumption of fossil fuels in modern society has caused several serious environmental and human health issues. The burning of fossil fuels not only produces carbon dioxide emissions, which are contributing to global warming and poisoning the world’s oceans but also releases toxic air-borne pollutants into the atmosphere4,5. Most commercial batteries are currently being mass-produced to power personal electronics, store renewable energy, and more recently, power electric automobiles. I believe we can utilize them for even more, but to do that we must understand, deeply, how a battery works.Research Objective: Learn the chemistry process of a battery, so I can test the concept of toxic diesel soot being recycled and used in a Na-ion battery to make more affordable batteries and create sustainable material sources by harvesting industrial waste as a valuable material for batteries.Research Plan: Through this research, I will learn to manufacture ...

ECS Meeting Abstracts

The overall energy density of the Li-ion batteries depends on the operation voltage and the theor... more The overall energy density of the Li-ion batteries depends on the operation voltage and the theoretical capacity of the electrodes. Theoretical capacity of layered lithium cobalt oxide (Li1-xCoO2) cathode is 274 mAh/g, which is higher than the many other commercially available cathode materials, including lithium manganese oxide (148 mAh/g) and lithium iron phosphate (170 mAh/g). However, the irreversible chemo-mechanical deformations at deep charge condition (x>0.5) at high voltages (>4.2V) presents harvesting its full theoretical capacity. Previous XRD and NMR studies demonstrated the structural collapse of the material at deep charge condition [1]. A various material-based strategies such as doping and surface coating have been utilized to improve the stability of the LCO cathodes at deep charge conditions [2]. However, the governing forces behind the chemo-mechanical instabilities in LCO cathodes at high voltages are still poorly understood. In this study, our goal is to e...

ChemElectroChem, 2022

The formation of dendrites is the bottleneck to harvest the high theoretical capacities of metal ... more The formation of dendrites is the bottleneck to harvest the high theoretical capacities of metal anodes such as Li, Na, Mg, and Zn batteries. The critical current density, interfacial instabilities, and the characteristic of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) layer play a major role in the formation mechanisms of dendrites. In this study, we investigated the impact of the SEI layer on the electroplating of zinc metals in organic and aqueous electrolytes by using electrochemical techniques coupled with electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. First, the electrochemical response of Zn plating in organic or aqueous electrolytes was compared with the ones for Li and Na metal plating by using analogous perchlorate salt dissolved in the same organic solvent. Under similar charge conditions, the cycle life of the metal electrodes was longer in the order of Zn (aqueous) > Li > Zn (organic) > Na. The impact of the SEI layer is then investigated by electroplating Zn in aqueous for 20 cycles, and then switching it to organic electrolytes and vice versa. In organic electrolytes, the cycle life of the PAO-Zinc is almost threefold longer than the as-received zinc electrodes. PAO stands for pre-cycled in aqueous electrolyte for twenty times. Overall, our study demonstrated the impact of surface chemistry and morphology on the formation of Zn dendrites. The methodology established here can be used to study the impact of electrolyte salt and additives on the formation of dendrites on metal electrodes.

Chemo-mechanical degradation at the solid electrolyte – Li metal electrode interface is a bottlen... more Chemo-mechanical degradation at the solid electrolyte – Li metal electrode interface is a bottleneck to improve cycle life of all-solid state Li-metal batteries. In this study, in operando digital image correlation (DIC) measurements provided temporal and spatial resolution of the chemo-mechanical deformations in LAGP solid electrolyte during the symmetrical cell cycling. The increase in strains in the interphase layer was correlated with the overpotential. The sudden increase in strains coincides with the mechanical fracture in LAGP detected by Micro CT. This work highlights the mechanical deformations in LAGP / Li interface and its coupling with the electrochemical behavior of the battery.

ChemElectroChem, 2021

The formation of dendrites is the bottleneck to harvest the high theoretical capacities of metal ... more The formation of dendrites is the bottleneck to harvest the high theoretical capacities of metal anodes such as Li, Na, Mg, and Zn batteries. The critical current density, interfacial instabilities, and the characteristic of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) layer play a major role in the formation mechanisms of dendrites. In this study, we investigated the impact of the SEI layer on the electroplating of zinc metals in organic and aqueous electrolytes by using electrochemical techniques coupled with electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. First, the electrochemical response of Zn plating in organic or aqueous electrolytes was compared with the ones for Li and Na metal plating by using analogous perchlorate salt dissolved in the same organic solvent. Under similar charge conditions, the cycle life of the metal electrodes was longer in the order of Zn (aqueous) > Li > Zn (organic) > Na. The impact of the SEI layer is then investigated by electroplating Zn in aqueous for 20 cycles, and then switching it to organic electrolytes and vice versa. In organic electrolytes, the cycle life of the PAO-Zinc is almost threefold longer than the as-received zinc electrodes. PAO stands for pre-cycled in aqueous electrolyte for twenty times. Overall, our study demonstrated the impact of surface chemistry and morphology on the formation of Zn dendrites. The methodology established here can be used to study the impact of electrolyte salt and additives on the formation of dendrites on metal electrodes.

Background: The steady increase in the consumption of fossil fuels in modern society has caused s... more Background: The steady increase in the consumption of fossil fuels in modern society has caused several serious environmental and human health issues. The burning of fossil fuels not only produces carbon dioxide emissions, which are contributing to global warming and poisoning the world’s oceans but also releases toxic air-borne pollutants into the atmosphere4,5. Most commercial batteries are currently being mass-produced to power personal electronics, store renewable energy, and more recently, power electric automobiles. I believe we can utilize them for even more, but to do that we must understand, deeply, how a battery works.Research Objective: Learn the chemistry process of a battery, so I can test the concept of toxic diesel soot being recycled and used in a Na-ion battery to make more affordable batteries and create sustainable material sources by harvesting industrial waste as a valuable material for batteries.Research Plan: Through this research, I will learn to manufacture ...

ECS Meeting Abstracts

The overall energy density of the Li-ion batteries depends on the operation voltage and the theor... more The overall energy density of the Li-ion batteries depends on the operation voltage and the theoretical capacity of the electrodes. Theoretical capacity of layered lithium cobalt oxide (Li1-xCoO2) cathode is 274 mAh/g, which is higher than the many other commercially available cathode materials, including lithium manganese oxide (148 mAh/g) and lithium iron phosphate (170 mAh/g). However, the irreversible chemo-mechanical deformations at deep charge condition (x>0.5) at high voltages (>4.2V) presents harvesting its full theoretical capacity. Previous XRD and NMR studies demonstrated the structural collapse of the material at deep charge condition [1]. A various material-based strategies such as doping and surface coating have been utilized to improve the stability of the LCO cathodes at deep charge conditions [2]. However, the governing forces behind the chemo-mechanical instabilities in LCO cathodes at high voltages are still poorly understood. In this study, our goal is to e...

ChemElectroChem, 2022

The formation of dendrites is the bottleneck to harvest the high theoretical capacities of metal ... more The formation of dendrites is the bottleneck to harvest the high theoretical capacities of metal anodes such as Li, Na, Mg, and Zn batteries. The critical current density, interfacial instabilities, and the characteristic of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) layer play a major role in the formation mechanisms of dendrites. In this study, we investigated the impact of the SEI layer on the electroplating of zinc metals in organic and aqueous electrolytes by using electrochemical techniques coupled with electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. First, the electrochemical response of Zn plating in organic or aqueous electrolytes was compared with the ones for Li and Na metal plating by using analogous perchlorate salt dissolved in the same organic solvent. Under similar charge conditions, the cycle life of the metal electrodes was longer in the order of Zn (aqueous) > Li > Zn (organic) > Na. The impact of the SEI layer is then investigated by electroplating Zn in aqueous for 20 cycles, and then switching it to organic electrolytes and vice versa. In organic electrolytes, the cycle life of the PAO-Zinc is almost threefold longer than the as-received zinc electrodes. PAO stands for pre-cycled in aqueous electrolyte for twenty times. Overall, our study demonstrated the impact of surface chemistry and morphology on the formation of Zn dendrites. The methodology established here can be used to study the impact of electrolyte salt and additives on the formation of dendrites on metal electrodes.

Chemo-mechanical degradation at the solid electrolyte – Li metal electrode interface is a bottlen... more Chemo-mechanical degradation at the solid electrolyte – Li metal electrode interface is a bottleneck to improve cycle life of all-solid state Li-metal batteries. In this study, in operando digital image correlation (DIC) measurements provided temporal and spatial resolution of the chemo-mechanical deformations in LAGP solid electrolyte during the symmetrical cell cycling. The increase in strains in the interphase layer was correlated with the overpotential. The sudden increase in strains coincides with the mechanical fracture in LAGP detected by Micro CT. This work highlights the mechanical deformations in LAGP / Li interface and its coupling with the electrochemical behavior of the battery.

ChemElectroChem, 2021

The formation of dendrites is the bottleneck to harvest the high theoretical capacities of metal ... more The formation of dendrites is the bottleneck to harvest the high theoretical capacities of metal anodes such as Li, Na, Mg, and Zn batteries. The critical current density, interfacial instabilities, and the characteristic of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) layer play a major role in the formation mechanisms of dendrites. In this study, we investigated the impact of the SEI layer on the electroplating of zinc metals in organic and aqueous electrolytes by using electrochemical techniques coupled with electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. First, the electrochemical response of Zn plating in organic or aqueous electrolytes was compared with the ones for Li and Na metal plating by using analogous perchlorate salt dissolved in the same organic solvent. Under similar charge conditions, the cycle life of the metal electrodes was longer in the order of Zn (aqueous) > Li > Zn (organic) > Na. The impact of the SEI layer is then investigated by electroplating Zn in aqueous for 20 cycles, and then switching it to organic electrolytes and vice versa. In organic electrolytes, the cycle life of the PAO-Zinc is almost threefold longer than the as-received zinc electrodes. PAO stands for pre-cycled in aqueous electrolyte for twenty times. Overall, our study demonstrated the impact of surface chemistry and morphology on the formation of Zn dendrites. The methodology established here can be used to study the impact of electrolyte salt and additives on the formation of dendrites on metal electrodes.