Zad Anri - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Zad Anri
ABRI, 2019
Since Taiwan was replaced by China in the United Nations in 1971, both countries started to engag... more Since Taiwan was replaced by China in the United Nations in 1971, both countries started to engage a diplomatic war in the international community. Beijing, who claimed itself as the "sole legal government of China", including Taiwan, started to pressure any country or international organization to cutoff relations with Taipei. In order to overcome the diplomatic isolation, Taipei, supported by Washington, provided political and financial support to several right-wing dictatorships during the Cold War period, especially in Latin America, such as Paraguay, Guatemala, El Salvador, etc., supporting the formation of several anti-communist death squads, financing several human rights violations in Central America. After the end of the Cold War period, Taipei has changed the strategy, and began to engage in illegal activities in Latin America, including payment of bribery to right-wing politicians and political parties, election frauds, and even supporting coup d'état, in order to maintain his own diplomatic allies, contributing for the political instability in Latin America. The article concludes that Taiwan, along the United States, historically supported right-wing regimes in Latin America, through illegal operations and corruption, contributing for the political instability in several Latin American countries.
Brazilian Journal of International Relations, 2021
Although the majority of Taiwan’s population is descended from Chinese settlers who immigrated to... more Although the majority of Taiwan’s population is descended from
Chinese settlers who immigrated to the island between the 17th and 19th
centuries, the Taiwanese independence movements refuse to accept
unification with China, that since its founding in 1949 has claimed Taiwan as
its own territory, and insist on designating Taiwan as a separate independent
political entity from China. However, the existence of these independence
movements is relatively new and begun in the mid-twentieth century, after
the end of the fiftieth year of Japanese colonization in 1945. This article aims
to analyse how the Japanese colonial and post-colonial experience played an
important role in changing the perception of national identity in Taiwan, and
currently is the main source of tension in relations with China. The article
concludes that the fifty years of Japanese colonization and the violent Chinese
repression in the post-war period were essential for the formation of a
Taiwanese national identity distinct from the Chinese one and for the
emergence of the Taiwanese independence movements.
Revista de Economia Política e História Econômica, 2019
Resumo Em julho de 1997, uma onda de ataques especulativos atingiu e se alastrou sobre os princip... more Resumo
Em julho de 1997, uma onda de ataques especulativos atingiu e se alastrou sobre os principais mercados financeiros do sudeste e leste asiático, falindo diversas corporações e levando a um grave revés econômico nos países afetados. Entretanto, o único país da região aparentemente não afetado foi Taiwan, que passou praticamente imune à crise. Diferentemente dos seus vizinhos asiáticos, Taiwan possuía uma característica estrutural única, como saldo de conta corrente positiva, alta taxa de reservas de divisas internacionais, e baixo endividamento externo, que contribuíram para a imunidade taiwanesa. Palavras-chave: Taiwan, Crise Financeira, Crise Cambial, Crise Asiática, Fluxo Internacional de Capitais.
Abstract
In July 1997, a wave of speculative attacks struck and spread over the major Southeast and East Asia financial markets, bankrupting several corporations and leading to a serious economic setback in the affected countries. However, the only country that apparently was not affected in the region by the crisis was Taiwan, which was virtually immune to the crisis. Unlike its Asian neighbors, Taiwan possessed some unique structural features such as a current account balance surplus, high foreign exchange reserves, and low external debt, that contributed to the Taiwanese immunity.
Dissertação IE/UFRJ, 2019
O objetivo geral desta pesquisa de dissertação é analisar quais foram as políticas de upgrade ind... more O objetivo geral desta pesquisa de dissertação é analisar quais foram as políticas de upgrade industrial adotadas pela República Popular da China, especialmente a partir de 2001 até os dias atuais, que favoreceram o rápido processo de catch-up tecnológico em diversos
segmentos industriais na China continental. O progresso tecnológico foi uma das principais razões que elevaram a produtividade do trabalho na China continental, e possibilitou que a China saísse da condição de país de renda baixa na década de 80, para alcançar a condição de país de renda média atualmente. A dissertação conclui que a razão pelo sucesso está associada à capacidade do estado desenvolvimentista chinês de não só emular a fórmula adotada pelos seus vizinhos asiáticos, Coreia e Taiwan, estimulando o desenvolvimento tecnológico doméstico, mas também adotar diversas políticas agressivas de assimilação de tecnologia estrangeira, e proteção à indústria doméstica, contrariando o Consenso de Washington.
Encontro Nacional de Economia Política , 2019
Desde o ingresso da China na OMC em 2001, a importação de componentes de semicondutores cresceu d... more Desde o ingresso da China na OMC em 2001, a importação de componentes de semicondutores cresceu de forma acelerada, com o intuito de abastecer a demanda doméstica, e da indústria de processamento de exportações, tornando-se o bem mais importado pela China a partir de meados de 2010. Desde 2014, o governo central chinês tem executado inúmeras políticas de fomento e desenvolvimento da indústria de semicondutores, incluindo o uso de políticas de aquisição de firmas estrangeiras, com o intuito de alcançar o catch-up nesta indústria, e diminuir a dependência em relação a tecnologia estrangeira importada. Embora os esforços de Pequim, a indústria apresentou poucos progressos desde 2014 até hoje. O artigo conclui que devido a fragilidade estrutural da indústria de semicondutores chinesa, a dinâmica de mercado volátil, e especialmente as questões geopolíticas internacionais, foram fatores que influenciaram negativamente sobre o recente desenvolvimento limitado da indústria de semicondutores chinesa.
4º Seminário de Relações Internacionais – Associação Brasileira de Relações Internacionais , 2018
The purpose of this article is to analyze the rationality of Taiwan`s mainland China policy durin... more The purpose of this article is to analyze the rationality of Taiwan`s mainland China policy during the Ma Ying-jeou administration (2008-2016) and how it influenced the Taiwanese economic, foreign and cross-strait policies during this period. In 2008, Ma, from the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party), won the Taiwanese presidential elections, ending 8 years of Chen Shui-bian’s pro-independence administration and completely altering relations between Taiwan and China. Ma, who identified himself as ethnic Chinese and against Taiwanese independence, adopted several policies, such as the interruption of all pro-independence activities, the establishment of direct contact with Peking, and the signing of several economic agreements. Although cross-strait relations improved drastically during this period, Ma refused to conduct any political dialogue with Peking. The paper concludes that Ma de facto promoted the maintenance of Taiwan´s sovereignty by refusing unification with China. The Ma administration strategically adopted a China-friendly policy stance in order to extract political and economic concessions from Peking.
US Taiwan Policy during the George W. Bush Administration (2001-2009), 2018
The purpose of this article is to analyze the United States’ (US) Taiwan policy during the George... more The purpose of this article is to analyze the United States’ (US) Taiwan
policy during the George W. Bush administration (2001-2009)—specifically, how Washington actively opposed Taiwanese independence during this period. After the Korean War (1950), the US’s official policy on Taiwan was to “neutralize” and prevent war across the Taiwan Strait, thereby maintaining the status quoin the region. During the 1950´s and 1960´s, the US successfully prevented Chinese attempts to invade Taiwan. However, the dynamic of the cross-strait relations changed drastically in the 1990´s, following Taiwan’s political liberalization and the emergence of the Taiwanese independence movement. During the George W. Bush administration (2001-2009), Taiwan was ruled by the pro-independence Chen Shui-bian (2000-2008), which increased cross-strait tensions. In order to satisfy its own geopolitical interests, the US actively denied support to this movement, boycotting Chen´s attempts to declare Taiwan´s independence. This paper concludes that the core of the US’s Taiwan policy is to prevent alteration of the status quo or threat of war in the region, while using the “Taiwan Card” as a bargaining chip in bilateral negotiations with China.
This paper aims to analyze the origins and development of the US’s “One China Policy”, and its im... more This paper aims to analyze the origins and development of the
US’s “One China Policy”, and its implications for the US’s current
Taiwan policy. Though in 1979 the US recognized the People's
Republic of China as the sole legal government of all of China,
Washington never explicitly recognized Chinese sovereignty over
Taiwan, and it insisted on maintaining America’s commitment to
defend Taiwan in the case of Chinese aggression. This article concludes
that the “One China Policy” is de facto an ambiguous strategy adopted
by the US to maintain official diplomatic relations with China and
unofficial relations with Taiwan, in order to maintain the status quo in
the Asia-Pacific region.
Mural Internacional, 2018
: This paper aims to analyze the origins and development of the US’s “One China Policy”, and its ... more : This paper aims to analyze the origins and development of the
US’s “One China Policy”, and its implications for the US’s current
Taiwan policy. Though in 1979 the US recognized the People's
Republic of China as the sole legal government of all of China,
Washington never explicitly recognized Chinese sovereignty over
Taiwan, and it insisted on maintaining America’s commitment to
defend Taiwan in the case of Chinese aggression. This article concludes
that the “One China Policy” is de facto an ambiguous strategy adopted
by the US to maintain official diplomatic relations with China and
unofficial relations with Taiwan, in order to maintain the status quo in
the Asia-Pacific region.
ABRI, 2019
Since Taiwan was replaced by China in the United Nations in 1971, both countries started to engag... more Since Taiwan was replaced by China in the United Nations in 1971, both countries started to engage a diplomatic war in the international community. Beijing, who claimed itself as the "sole legal government of China", including Taiwan, started to pressure any country or international organization to cutoff relations with Taipei. In order to overcome the diplomatic isolation, Taipei, supported by Washington, provided political and financial support to several right-wing dictatorships during the Cold War period, especially in Latin America, such as Paraguay, Guatemala, El Salvador, etc., supporting the formation of several anti-communist death squads, financing several human rights violations in Central America. After the end of the Cold War period, Taipei has changed the strategy, and began to engage in illegal activities in Latin America, including payment of bribery to right-wing politicians and political parties, election frauds, and even supporting coup d'état, in order to maintain his own diplomatic allies, contributing for the political instability in Latin America. The article concludes that Taiwan, along the United States, historically supported right-wing regimes in Latin America, through illegal operations and corruption, contributing for the political instability in several Latin American countries.
Brazilian Journal of International Relations, 2021
Although the majority of Taiwan’s population is descended from Chinese settlers who immigrated to... more Although the majority of Taiwan’s population is descended from
Chinese settlers who immigrated to the island between the 17th and 19th
centuries, the Taiwanese independence movements refuse to accept
unification with China, that since its founding in 1949 has claimed Taiwan as
its own territory, and insist on designating Taiwan as a separate independent
political entity from China. However, the existence of these independence
movements is relatively new and begun in the mid-twentieth century, after
the end of the fiftieth year of Japanese colonization in 1945. This article aims
to analyse how the Japanese colonial and post-colonial experience played an
important role in changing the perception of national identity in Taiwan, and
currently is the main source of tension in relations with China. The article
concludes that the fifty years of Japanese colonization and the violent Chinese
repression in the post-war period were essential for the formation of a
Taiwanese national identity distinct from the Chinese one and for the
emergence of the Taiwanese independence movements.
Revista de Economia Política e História Econômica, 2019
Resumo Em julho de 1997, uma onda de ataques especulativos atingiu e se alastrou sobre os princip... more Resumo
Em julho de 1997, uma onda de ataques especulativos atingiu e se alastrou sobre os principais mercados financeiros do sudeste e leste asiático, falindo diversas corporações e levando a um grave revés econômico nos países afetados. Entretanto, o único país da região aparentemente não afetado foi Taiwan, que passou praticamente imune à crise. Diferentemente dos seus vizinhos asiáticos, Taiwan possuía uma característica estrutural única, como saldo de conta corrente positiva, alta taxa de reservas de divisas internacionais, e baixo endividamento externo, que contribuíram para a imunidade taiwanesa. Palavras-chave: Taiwan, Crise Financeira, Crise Cambial, Crise Asiática, Fluxo Internacional de Capitais.
Abstract
In July 1997, a wave of speculative attacks struck and spread over the major Southeast and East Asia financial markets, bankrupting several corporations and leading to a serious economic setback in the affected countries. However, the only country that apparently was not affected in the region by the crisis was Taiwan, which was virtually immune to the crisis. Unlike its Asian neighbors, Taiwan possessed some unique structural features such as a current account balance surplus, high foreign exchange reserves, and low external debt, that contributed to the Taiwanese immunity.
Dissertação IE/UFRJ, 2019
O objetivo geral desta pesquisa de dissertação é analisar quais foram as políticas de upgrade ind... more O objetivo geral desta pesquisa de dissertação é analisar quais foram as políticas de upgrade industrial adotadas pela República Popular da China, especialmente a partir de 2001 até os dias atuais, que favoreceram o rápido processo de catch-up tecnológico em diversos
segmentos industriais na China continental. O progresso tecnológico foi uma das principais razões que elevaram a produtividade do trabalho na China continental, e possibilitou que a China saísse da condição de país de renda baixa na década de 80, para alcançar a condição de país de renda média atualmente. A dissertação conclui que a razão pelo sucesso está associada à capacidade do estado desenvolvimentista chinês de não só emular a fórmula adotada pelos seus vizinhos asiáticos, Coreia e Taiwan, estimulando o desenvolvimento tecnológico doméstico, mas também adotar diversas políticas agressivas de assimilação de tecnologia estrangeira, e proteção à indústria doméstica, contrariando o Consenso de Washington.
Encontro Nacional de Economia Política , 2019
Desde o ingresso da China na OMC em 2001, a importação de componentes de semicondutores cresceu d... more Desde o ingresso da China na OMC em 2001, a importação de componentes de semicondutores cresceu de forma acelerada, com o intuito de abastecer a demanda doméstica, e da indústria de processamento de exportações, tornando-se o bem mais importado pela China a partir de meados de 2010. Desde 2014, o governo central chinês tem executado inúmeras políticas de fomento e desenvolvimento da indústria de semicondutores, incluindo o uso de políticas de aquisição de firmas estrangeiras, com o intuito de alcançar o catch-up nesta indústria, e diminuir a dependência em relação a tecnologia estrangeira importada. Embora os esforços de Pequim, a indústria apresentou poucos progressos desde 2014 até hoje. O artigo conclui que devido a fragilidade estrutural da indústria de semicondutores chinesa, a dinâmica de mercado volátil, e especialmente as questões geopolíticas internacionais, foram fatores que influenciaram negativamente sobre o recente desenvolvimento limitado da indústria de semicondutores chinesa.
4º Seminário de Relações Internacionais – Associação Brasileira de Relações Internacionais , 2018
The purpose of this article is to analyze the rationality of Taiwan`s mainland China policy durin... more The purpose of this article is to analyze the rationality of Taiwan`s mainland China policy during the Ma Ying-jeou administration (2008-2016) and how it influenced the Taiwanese economic, foreign and cross-strait policies during this period. In 2008, Ma, from the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party), won the Taiwanese presidential elections, ending 8 years of Chen Shui-bian’s pro-independence administration and completely altering relations between Taiwan and China. Ma, who identified himself as ethnic Chinese and against Taiwanese independence, adopted several policies, such as the interruption of all pro-independence activities, the establishment of direct contact with Peking, and the signing of several economic agreements. Although cross-strait relations improved drastically during this period, Ma refused to conduct any political dialogue with Peking. The paper concludes that Ma de facto promoted the maintenance of Taiwan´s sovereignty by refusing unification with China. The Ma administration strategically adopted a China-friendly policy stance in order to extract political and economic concessions from Peking.
US Taiwan Policy during the George W. Bush Administration (2001-2009), 2018
The purpose of this article is to analyze the United States’ (US) Taiwan policy during the George... more The purpose of this article is to analyze the United States’ (US) Taiwan
policy during the George W. Bush administration (2001-2009)—specifically, how Washington actively opposed Taiwanese independence during this period. After the Korean War (1950), the US’s official policy on Taiwan was to “neutralize” and prevent war across the Taiwan Strait, thereby maintaining the status quoin the region. During the 1950´s and 1960´s, the US successfully prevented Chinese attempts to invade Taiwan. However, the dynamic of the cross-strait relations changed drastically in the 1990´s, following Taiwan’s political liberalization and the emergence of the Taiwanese independence movement. During the George W. Bush administration (2001-2009), Taiwan was ruled by the pro-independence Chen Shui-bian (2000-2008), which increased cross-strait tensions. In order to satisfy its own geopolitical interests, the US actively denied support to this movement, boycotting Chen´s attempts to declare Taiwan´s independence. This paper concludes that the core of the US’s Taiwan policy is to prevent alteration of the status quo or threat of war in the region, while using the “Taiwan Card” as a bargaining chip in bilateral negotiations with China.
This paper aims to analyze the origins and development of the US’s “One China Policy”, and its im... more This paper aims to analyze the origins and development of the
US’s “One China Policy”, and its implications for the US’s current
Taiwan policy. Though in 1979 the US recognized the People's
Republic of China as the sole legal government of all of China,
Washington never explicitly recognized Chinese sovereignty over
Taiwan, and it insisted on maintaining America’s commitment to
defend Taiwan in the case of Chinese aggression. This article concludes
that the “One China Policy” is de facto an ambiguous strategy adopted
by the US to maintain official diplomatic relations with China and
unofficial relations with Taiwan, in order to maintain the status quo in
the Asia-Pacific region.
Mural Internacional, 2018
: This paper aims to analyze the origins and development of the US’s “One China Policy”, and its ... more : This paper aims to analyze the origins and development of the
US’s “One China Policy”, and its implications for the US’s current
Taiwan policy. Though in 1979 the US recognized the People's
Republic of China as the sole legal government of all of China,
Washington never explicitly recognized Chinese sovereignty over
Taiwan, and it insisted on maintaining America’s commitment to
defend Taiwan in the case of Chinese aggression. This article concludes
that the “One China Policy” is de facto an ambiguous strategy adopted
by the US to maintain official diplomatic relations with China and
unofficial relations with Taiwan, in order to maintain the status quo in
the Asia-Pacific region.