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Papers by Mohamed Benbachir

Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 1997

RESUME Notre 6tude rapporte 94 cas de MNN bact6riennes observ6es sur une p6riode de 10 arts (1985... more RESUME Notre 6tude rapporte 94 cas de MNN bact6riennes observ6es sur une p6riode de 10 arts (1985-1994). La m6ningite purulente repr6sente 8 % de l'ensemble de la pathologie infectieuse n6onatale hos-pitalis6e au cours de la marne p6riode. Le tableau clinique g l'admission est particulierement s6v&e comportant des signes de MNN darts 38 cas (40 %), un tableau de septic6mie n6onatale dans 9 cas (10 %) et un tableau d'infection n6onatale darts 47 cas (50 %) comportant des signes peu sp6cifiques. L'6tude du liquide c6phalo-rachidien confirme le diagnostic en montrant un liquide le plus souvent purulent, trouble ou louche darts 60 cas (64 %). L'examen direct, la culture et la recherche des antig~nes solubles au niveau du LCR permettent d'isoler le germe en cause darts la plupart des cas. L'origine de l'infection peut etre soit maternelle d6butant la plupart du temps dans les 4 premiers jours de vie (MNN pr6coce) dont les germes en cause sont des BGN dans 20 cas/22, soit 90 %, soit exog6ne d6butant au-del~ des 4 premiers jours de vie (MNN tardive) dont les germes en cause sont les BGN (43 %), le streptocoque B (29 %) et la Listeria (11%). I1 ressort de cette 6tude que le retard du diagnostic, la virulence du germe, la pr6maturit6 et l'hypotrophie sont des 616ments de mauvais pronostic. I1 est donc n6cessaire d'entrevoir une strat6gie de pr6vention des m6ningites n6onatales. Celle-ci r6side dans la surveillance des grossesses et 1'am61ioration des conditions d'accouchement. Mots-clds : M6ningites-Infections n6onatales-Antibioth6rapie.

Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 2022

The French Landslide Observatory (OMIV Observatoire Multi-disciplinaire des Instabilités de Versa... more The French Landslide Observatory (OMIV Observatoire Multi-disciplinaire des Instabilités de Versants) is a national research structure clustering six research institutes in earth sciences under the auspices of INSU (Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers). Six continuously active landslides in France are monitored by the OMIV research group; they have been chosen according to their past history of monitoring, to the hazard/risk they may create and to the scientific challenges they raise up. The six studied landslides are: (1) the Avignonet landslide (30 km South of Grenoble), (2) the Super-Sauze landslide (5 km South to Barcelonnette), (2) the La Clapière (100 km North of Nice), (4) the Séchilienne landslide (25 km East of Grenoble), (5) the Pégairolles landslide (40 km North of Montpellier), and (6) the Villerville landslide (10 km South of Le Havre). These landslides show various displacement rates (ranging from a few centimetres to several meters per year) and kinematic regi...

Cette etude retrospective analyse une epidemie a germes BLSE survenue au Service d'Hematologi... more Cette etude retrospective analyse une epidemie a germes BLSE survenue au Service d'Hematologie et Oncologie Pediatrique du CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca. Le germe responsable est un Escherichia coli BLSE. Six patients ont ete infectes au cours de la meme periode dont 2 de sexe feminin et 4 de sexe masculin. Cinq potients avaient une leucemie aigue, une patiente avait un lymphome non hodgkinien. Tous les malades etaient en phase de neutropenie profonde post-chimiotherapie. Ils ont tous fait un tableau d'infection severe avec fievre importante et diarrhee aigue. Cinq malades sont decedes dans un tableau de choc septique dans les 48 a 72 heures apres le debut de l'infection et avant l'identification du germe. Le caractere epidemique et grave a conduit a la fermeture de l'unite pendant une semaine en vue d'une desinfection. Apres 12 mois de recul, quelques episodes isoles d'infections a Enterobacteries BLSE ont ete observes et maitrises. Les fadeurs conditionna...

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2021

This paper proposes a methodology for managing complex sewerage networks based on the concomitant... more This paper proposes a methodology for managing complex sewerage networks based on the concomitant use of two performance evaluation methods, namely, the failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The FMECA is used to determine the risks of structural failures making it possible to establish a methodology for managing these failures. The AHP is used to check the relationship consistency between the performance indicators allowing the determination of the overall performance (OP). This proposed methodology was utilized for the urban sewerage network of Oued-Kniss in the city of Algiers, Algeria, as part of the efforts engaged in for sustainable and efficient management.

Revue Francophone des Laboratoires, 2009

Annales de l'Institut Pasteur / Virologie, 1988

Rotavirus antigen was detected by ELISA or latex technique in faecal specimens of 64 (20 0/0) out... more Rotavirus antigen was detected by ELISA or latex technique in faecal specimens of 64 (20 0/0) out of 327 children hospitalized with acute diarrhoeal disease during a 12-month period in Casablanca, Morocco. The rotaviral diarrhoeas were more frequent in autumn and winter, but more geographically limited during these seasons. Nine different electrophoretypes (A-I) were observed in 38 of the rotavirus-positive samples containing sufficient viral RNA to give a visible electrophoretic pattern. Two <~ long >> types, A and B, accounted for 74 ~ of all rotaviruses identified. Over the one-year period, a clear shift in the predominant electrophoretype was observed between the autumn-winter (type A) and summer period (type B). Six additional electrophoretypes co-circulated in association with type A, whereas only one case of type E was recognized during the summer in association with type-B outbreak. Vomiting and severe dehydration were more prevalent in the rotavirus

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La Tunisie médicale, 2004

This retrospective study analyses an epidemic with germs ESBL that supervenes at the department o... more This retrospective study analyses an epidemic with germs ESBL that supervenes at the department of hematology and pediatric oncology in UHC Ibn Rochd of Casablanca. The responsible germ is the ESBL Escherichia coli. Six patients have been infected during the same period that 2 are female and 4 are male. Five patients had acute lenkemia, one patient had a non Hodgkin's disease. All the patients were in the stage of a deep postchermotherapy neutropenia. The picture of all the patients represented a severe infection with suffered fever and acute diarrhea. Five patients died with apicture of septic shock in the 48 to 72 hours after the beginning of the infection and before the identification of the germ. Their treatment consisted in the third generation of cephalosporin and aminoside. One patient who use the imipeneme more the aminoside has been apyrexized the epidemic and severe situation led to the closing of the unit during a week in order to do a disinfection. After 12 monthes o...

Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 2000

Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 1999

Resume Les septicemies communautaires a Pseudomonas aeruginosa sont rares chez le nourrisson sans... more Resume Les septicemies communautaires a Pseudomonas aeruginosa sont rares chez le nourrisson sans deficit immunitaire apparent. Dans une etude retrospective de cinq cas colliges entre 1988 et 1994 dans le service de maladies infectieuses pediatriques du centre hospitalier de Casablanca, nous avons etudie quelques aspects cliniques, therapeutiques et evolutifs de cette infection souvent fatale. L'âge moyen etait de 6 mois, avec quatre filles pour un garcon. L'ecthyma gangrenosum etait present chez tous les malades. P. aeruginosa a ete isole chez tous les malades au niveau du sang et deux fois au niveau du liquide cephalorachidien. Il etait toujours sensible a la ceftazidime et n'etait resistant a la gentalline qu'une fois sur cinq. Trois deces par choc septique ont ete observes.

Réanimation Urgences, 2000

Vaccine, 2012

The objective of this study was to describe the evolution over time of serotypes and antimicrobia... more The objective of this study was to describe the evolution over time of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates responsible for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children ≤5 years in Casablanca (Morocco), before vaccine introduction. Isolates recovered from cases of IPD in children ≤5 years during two study periods (1994-2001 and 2006-2010) were compared in terms of serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility. Serogrouping was done using Pneumotest Kit and serotyping was done by the Quellung capsular swelling. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by Etest method. The theoretical coverages of the 7-, 10-and 13-valent pneumococcal vaccines were determined. A total of 85 and 102 isolates were studied for the two periods, respectively. During the first period, the most prevalent serogroups/serotypes were 5,

Pathologie Biologie, 2006

Une étude antérieure a montré que le phénotype B : 4 :P1.15 a été le plus fréquent parmi les souc... more Une étude antérieure a montré que le phénotype B : 4 :P1.15 a été le plus fréquent parmi les souches de Neisseria meningitidis isolées à Casablanca (Maroc), pour déterminer s'il s'agit d'un clone épidémique, 13 souches de phénotype B : 4 :P1.15 isolées entre septembre 1999 et décembre 2000 ont été comparées par MLST et PFGE. MLST a montré la présence de quatre séquences types (ST) : ST-33 a été le ST le plus fréquent (neuf souches sur 13). Par ailleurs, quatre souches présentent trois STs nouvellement décrits. Douze souches appartiennent au complexe ST-32 alors qu'une souche a présenté un nouveau ST qui n'appartient à aucun complexe connu. L'analyse par PFGE a révélé que les souches peuvent être subdivisées en sept clusters et qu'elles ne montrent pas de clone épidémique. Le MLST est une technique valable pour les études épidémiologiques des souches de N. meningitidis isolées à partir de différentes origines géographiques tandis que la PFGE semble être adaptée pour la comparaison d'un petit nombre de souches isolées sur une courte période et dans une communauté définie.

Pathologie Biologie, 2003

Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer la sensibilité de 100 souches de Staphylococcus aureus isolée... more Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer la sensibilité de 100 souches de Staphylococcus aureus isolées au laboratoire de microbiologie de l'Hôpital Islami de Bienfaisance à Tripoli (Liban) vis-à-vis de 19 antibiotiques, et de déterminer la prévalence des souches méticilline-R. 30 % des souches analysées sont résistantes à la méticilline, 96 % sont résistantes à la pénicilline G. L'acide clavulanique a restauré l'activité de l'amoxicilline chez 29 %. Le taux moyen de souches résistantes est de 34 % à l'amikacine, 3 % à la gentamicine et à la tobramicine, 10 % au chloramphenicol, 44,33 % à la tétracycline, 7 % à l'érythromycine, 4,04 % au clindamycine, 20 % au triméthoprime-sulfaméthoxasole et 0 % au vancomycine et au teicoplanine. En étudiant la résistance des souches méticilline-S et méticilline-R, on constate que les souches méticilline-R ont un taux de résistance beaucoup plus important aux antibiotiques par rapport aux souches méticilline-S. Nous avons comparé un Kit prêt à l'emploi pour la détection des protéines liant les pénicillines (PLP) des souches de Staphylococcus aureus (Slidex® SARM) commercialisé par la société bio-Mérieux (France), avec 2 méthodes de référence : la diffusion sur milieu gélosé et la CMI déterminée par E-test (AB BIODISK, Suède). Les deux méthodes de référence ont donné des résultats similaires dans la détection des SARM. Le test d'agglutination était positif pour toutes les 30 souches déterminées résistantes à la méticiline par les méthodes de référence (sensibilité 100 %). Par contre le test d'agglutination était négatif pour 42 sur 70 souches déterminées méticilline-S par les deux méthodes de référence et il était positive pour 28 souches méticilline-S (spécificité 60 %).

Microbial Drug Resistance, 2001

We report here an evaluation of the dissemination of nim genes, encoding 5-nitroimidazoles resist... more We report here an evaluation of the dissemination of nim genes, encoding 5-nitroimidazoles resistance, among Bacteroides clinical strains isolated in Morocco. This study was done using a PCR method. Among 60 strains studied, nine contain a copy of a nim gene. The sequence determination of these genes showed that they are homologous to three nim genes previously characterized in strains isolated in France: nimB (five genes), nimC (three genes), and nimA (one gene). Although the nimA and nimC genes were previously identified on plasmids pIP417 and pIP419, respectively, we found here that they have a chromosomal location. The MICs of three 5-nitroimidazole antibiotics (metronidazole, ornidazole, and tinidazole) of the nim gene-containing strains were very low (0.5-2 mg/ml), indicating that the nim genes were not efficiently expressed in these clinical isolates.

Microbial Drug Resistance, 2012

To analyze trends of antibiotic resistance rates in Streptococcus pneumoniae from 1998 to 2008 in... more To analyze trends of antibiotic resistance rates in Streptococcus pneumoniae from 1998 to 2008 in Casablanca (Morocco). The antibiotic resistance levels of 955 consecutive nonduplicate isolates were studied using E test and disc diffusion methods. Results were interpreted following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (2005). Analysis was done according to three periods (1998-2001; 2002-2005; 2006-2008), age, and site of infection. Penicillin nonsusceptibility (PNS) increased significantly over time (15.6%, 17.8%, and 24.8%; p=0.003). Levels of PNS have changed as well: in 2006-2008, 9.1% of the isolates had an MIC ≥2 μg/ml versus 7.7% in 2002-2005 and 3.4% in 1998-2001. The PNS increase was particularly marked in pediatric isolates (21.4%, 25.5%, and 43.3%; p=0.001). There was no significant difference between the rates of PNS in invasive and noninvasive isolates from children, whereas in adults noninvasive isolates were more penicillin nonsusceptible. Amoxicillin and ceftriaxone nonsusceptible isolates were very rare. An increase of resistance rates was also noticed for erythromycin (9.4%, 12.2%, and 14.4%), tetracycline (20%, 18.6%, and 30.5%), and chloramphenicol (5.6%, 5.6%, and 8.1%). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance rates remained stable (22.8%, 20%, and 23.8%). Proportions of dual nonsusceptibility to penicillin and erythromycin, increased from 5.6% to 8.9%. Multiple drug resistance (resistance to 3 or more antibiotic classes) was found in 0%, 2.4%, and 7.7% of all isolates, respectively. The results reported here maybe useful for guiding update of treatment recommendations and suggest the need for continuous surveillance. Increase of antibiotic resistance correlated with antibiotic consumption, stressing the need for elaboration of antibiotic policy in Morocco.

Journal of Infection, 2006

Introduction: The increased incidence of nosocomial infections by multidrug resistant Acinetobact... more Introduction: The increased incidence of nosocomial infections by multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii creates demand on the application of some combinations of older antimicrobials on that species. We conducted the present observational study to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous and aerosolized colistin combined with rifampicin in the treatment of critically patients with nosocomial infections caused by multiresistant A. baumannii. Patients and methods: Critically ill patients with nosocomial infections caused by A. baumannii resistant to all antibiotics except colistin in a medical intensive care unit. Diagnosis of infection was based on clinical data and isolation of bacteria. The bacterial susceptibilities to colistin were tested. Clinical response to colistin þ rifampicin was evaluated. Results: Twenty-six patients (43.58 AE 18.29 years, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score (APACHE II): 6.35 AE 2.99), of whom 16 cases of nosocomial pneumonia treated by aerosolized colistin (1 Â 10 6 IU three times/day) associated with intravenous rifampicin (10 mg/kg every 12 h), nine cases of bacteraemia treated by intravenous colistin (2 Â 10 6 IU three times/day) associated with intravenous rifampicin (10 mg/kg every 12 h) in which three cases associated with ventilator associated pneumonia and one case of nosocomial meningitis treated by intrathecal use of colistin associated with intravenous rifampicin. The clinical evolution was favourable for all ill patients. Concerning side effects, we have noticed a moderate hepatic cytolysis in three patients.

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2008

The prevalence of multiply resistant organisms (MROs) reported from south-eastern Mediterranean h... more The prevalence of multiply resistant organisms (MROs) reported from south-eastern Mediterranean hospitals highlights the need to identify possible contributory factors to help design control interventions. This was investigated through a structured questionnaire, which examined infection control and antibiotic stewardship practices in hospitals participating or collaborating with the Antibiotic Resistance SurveilLance &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Control in the Mediterranean Region (ARMed) project. A total of 45 hospitals (78.9% of invited institutions) responded to the questionnaire; 60% indicated that they faced periods of overcrowding when available bed complement was insufficient to cope with hospital admissions and 62% reported difficulties in isolating patients with MROs due to lack of available beds. Most hospitals relied mainly on washing to achieve hand hygiene, whether by non-medicated or disinfectant soaps. Dependence on solid bars of soap (28.9%) and cloth towels (37.8%) were among the problems identified as well as inconvenient distances of sinks from patient beds (66.6%). Alcohol hand rub was the predominant hand hygiene product in only 7% of hospitals. Programmes for better antibiotic use were mostly limited in scope; 33.3% reported having antibiotic prescribing guidelines and 53.3% of hospitals fed back resistance rates to prescribers. Auditing of antibiotic consumption, whether institution- or unit-based, was carried out in 37.8% of responding hospitals. Multi-faceted approaches aimed at improving isolation of patients with MROs, increasing the emphasis on hand hygiene by encouraging greater use of alcohol hand rubs and introducing effective antibiotic stewardship programmes should be encouraged in south-eastern Mediterranean hospitals.

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2000

Journal of Hospital Infection, 2004

Twenty-nine extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains (14 Klebsie... more Twenty-nine extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains (14 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10 Escherichia coli and five Citrobacter diversus) isolated from April to July 1996 from faecal carriers in a surgical intensive care unit at the university hospital of Casablanca (Morocco) were studied. Plasmid content and DNA macrorestriction polymorphism determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used to compare the strains. Restriction profiles of total genomic DNAs cleaved by XbaI and compared by PFGE revealed nine, four and two clones in K. pneumoniae, E. coli and C. diversus, respectively. Plasmid profile analysis of ESBL-producing strains of K. pneumoniae showed that only seven of 14 isolates had a plasmid; four different plasmid profiles were observed. Three different plasmid profiles were observed in E. coli and two in C. diversus. Plasmids responsible for ESBL production could be transferred by conjugation to E. coli K 12 J53-2 from all E. coli isolates and from four of seven K. pneumoniae. No plasmid transfer could be obtained from C. diversus strains. Restriction enzyme digests of plasmids from transconjugants (four transconjugants of K. pneumoniae and five transconjugants of E. coli) showed different patterns. In the surgical intensive care unit where the survey was conducted, the dissemination of ESBLs was due to a mix of strain spread and strain diversity rather than to plasmid dissemination.