Benedicto Araiza - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Benedicto Araiza
Volumen 15 (número 4) 2008 Pancreatina y digestibilidad ileal de aminoácidos en cerdos/Pancreatin... more Volumen 15 (número 4) 2008 Pancreatina y digestibilidad ileal de aminoácidos en cerdos/Pancreatin and ileal digestibility of amino acids in pigs 317
Journal of Animal Science
Agrociencia
Digestibilidad ileal de aminoácidos y comportamiento productivo de cerdos alimentados con dietas ... more Digestibilidad ileal de aminoácidos y comportamiento productivo de cerdos alimentados con dietas a base de trigo, adicionadas con una proteasa fungal Agrociencia, vol. 36, núm. 5, septiembre-octubre, 2002, pp. 515-522, Colegio de Postgraduados México ¿Cómo citar? Fascículo completo Más información del artículo Página de la revista Agrociencia, ISSN (Versión impresa): 1405-3195 agrocien@colpos.colpos.mx Colegio de Postgraduados México www.redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto 515
Agrociencia
Phytates in grains and soybean meal (SBM) interact with phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), preventi... more Phytates in grains and soybean meal (SBM) interact with phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), preventing their use. These molecules can also interact with amino acids (AA), proteins, and starch, affecting digestibility. In this study an experiment was conducted to determine whether in addition to raising the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of P and Ca, phytase also improves AID of crude protein (CP) and AA, as well as fecal digestibility (FD) of gross energy (GE). Ten barrows (initial BW 18.6�b1.3 kg), fitted with cannulas at the distal ileum, were assigned to five diets (treatments) in a 5�e5 replicated Latin square design. Treatments (T) were: T1) control diet with sorghum-SBM plus inorganic P (�yIP); T2) basal diet, sorghum-SBM without inorganic P (�{IP�{FTU); T3, T4 and T5 were the basal diet plus 250, 500 and 1000 phytase units (FTU) kg�{1 of feed (�{IP�yFTU). Absorption and AID of P and Ca increased, and excretion decreased (p�T0.05) by phytase addition to basal diet. P and Ca e...
Titulo corto: Manipulación nutricional y contaminación ambiental NUTRITIONAL MANIPULATION OF PIGS... more Titulo corto: Manipulación nutricional y contaminación ambiental NUTRITIONAL MANIPULATION OF PIGS TO DECREASE ENVIRONMENTAL POLUTION SUMMARY Diets for intensive pig production mainly consist of ingredients as cereal grains and legume pastes which are characterized for containing either anti-nutritional factors (FAN) or a desequilibrium in nutrient content.
Se determinó el efecto de la adición de fitasa a dietas altas y bajas en fitatos en la utilizació... more Se determinó el efecto de la adición de fitasa a dietas altas y bajas en fitatos en la utilización de P y Ca por cerdos en crecimiento adaptados con una cánula simple tipo T en íleon distal. Se asignaron ocho cerdos, 40,6 ±1,7kg peso corporal, a cuatro dietas de acuerdo con un diseño en Cuadro latino repetido 4 x 4 (n=8). Las dietas fueron las siguientes: 1) dieta alta en fitatos con 20% de salvado de arroz, fuente rica en P-fitato; 2) dieta 1 pero adicionada con 2000 unidades fitasa (FTU) por kg; 3) dieta baja en fitatos con 2% de salvado de arroz; y 4) dieta 3 pero adicionada con 2000 FTU por kg. Otros ingredientes mayores en la dieta fueron cebada, trigo, pasta de soya y pasta de canola; se añadió óxido crómico como marcador inerte. La composición de las dietas altas y bajas en fitatos fue la siguiente: P-total, 0,77 y 0,58%; P-fitatos, 0,48 y 0,22%; y Ca, 1,30 y 0,86%, respectivamente; el contenido de P disponible en todas las dietas fue similar (0,23%). La colecta de heces y or...
Journal of Animal Science, 2015
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2014
Lysine (Lys) is the first limiting amino acid (AA) in most feed formulations for pigs and most ab... more Lysine (Lys) is the first limiting amino acid (AA) in most feed formulations for pigs and most abundant, along with leucine, in muscle proteins. An experiment was conducted with 17 pigs (17.7 AE 0.05 kg initial BW) to identify a role of dietary Lys in the control of protein synthesis in pigs. Fourteen pigs were randomly assigned to one of the two wheat-based dietary treatments: Lys-deficient, 3.0 g/kg (DEF) and Lys-adequate, 10.8 g/kg (ADE). Samples from jejunum mucosa, liver, Longissumus and Semitendinosus muscles, and blood were collected. The other three pigs were sacrificed at the beginning of the trial to measure basal carcass composition. Weight gain, gain:feed ratio, Lys intake and loin eye area were greater in ADE than in DEF pigs (p < 0.01). Musclerelated carcass characteristics were better, and myosin heavy chain IIb expression (MyHC IIb) in Semitendinosus was higher in ADE than in DEF pigs. Expression of AA transporters CAT-1 was lower (p < 0.05), serum Lys was higher and serum Val was lower in pigs fed the ADE diet. The higher muscularity, MyHC IIb expression in Semitendinosus muscle and Lys serum of pigs fed the ADE diet suggest that Lys increases growth rate not only by functioning as protein construction unit but also as potential control of the protein synthesis process.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2013
ABSTRACT Residual oil content that increases the dietary energy value makes expeller-pressed cano... more ABSTRACT Residual oil content that increases the dietary energy value makes expeller-pressed canola meal (EPCM) and cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC) attractive feedstuffs for swine. The energy and amino acid (AA) digestibility of EPCM and CPCC were evaluated feeding six crossbred Hypor barrows (initial weight of 65.7 ± 1.7 kg) surgically fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. Pigs were fed twice daily at 2.8 times the estimated maintenance requirement of digestible energy (DE). Diets containing 500 g/kg of either EPCM or CPCC and an N-free diet were tested in a replicated 3×3 Latin square. The oil content of EPCM was half that of CPCC (105 vs. 202 g/kg). Total glucosinolate content of EPCM was double that of CPCC (11.9 vs. 5.6 μmol/g). The apparent total tract digestibility coefficient and apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (CAID) of energy were lower (P<0.05) in EPCM than CPCC. The DE (P<0.05) and calculated net energy (NE) content were lower (P<0.001) in EPCM than CPCC (14.3 vs. 16.5 and 9.0 vs. 11.5 MJ NE/kg as fed, respectively). The CAID of lysine and cysteine was lower (P<0.05) in EPCM than CPCC. The standardized ileal digestibility coefficient (CSID) of alanine, cysteine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine and valine was lower (P<0.05) in EPCM than CPCC. However, the standardized ileal digestible content of all AA was greater (P<0.05) in EPCM than CPCC. In conclusion, lower residual oil and greater content of antinutritional factors (glucosinolates and fibre) in EPCM compared with CPCC were important factors that lowered energy digestibility and DE and NE values in EPCM compared to CPCC and likely lowered CSID of some indispensable AA in EPCM vs. CPCC, including lysine.
Livestock Science, 2009
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of benzoic acid on u... more The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of benzoic acid on utilization of the macrominerals Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, and Cl in growing pigs. Eighteen barrows, initial BW of 28 ± 1.7 kg, were assigned to 3 diets: a basal diet based on barley, wheat, soybean meal, corn, and field pea and formulated to contain 9.31 MJ NE kg − 1 and 8.84 g − 1 kg standardized ileal digestible lysine, or the basal diet containing 10 or 20 g kg − 1 benzoic acid by replacing tapioca starch. The pigs were fed the experimental diets a rate of 2.7 times the maintenance requirement for ME for 21 days. Faeces and urine were collected quantitatively from days 11 to 21, and blood and plasma was collected on days 1, 10, and 21. On day 21, the pigs were killed and the left femur was removed. Benzoic acid linearly decreased (P = 0.001) the urine pH from 7.32 to 5.32, and quadratically increased (P b 0.05) blood pH on day 21. Benzoic acid linearly increased (P b 0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca, P, and Na from 65 to 72%, 46 to 55%, and 78 to 90%, respectively, linearly decreased (P b 0.05) the ATTD of Cl from 94 to 93%, and did not affect the ATTD of Mg and K. Benzoic acid linearly increased (P b 0.05) the retention of Ca, P, and K from 58 to 67%, 46 to 54%, and 31 to 38%, respectively, linearly decreased (P b 0.05) the retention of Na and Cl from 57 to 48% and 75 to 44%, respectively, and did not affect retention of Mg. On day 21, benzoic acid linearly increased (P = 0.001) plasma P and quadratically increased (P b 0.05) plasma K or tended to increase (P = 0.05) plasma Na. Benzoic acid linearly reduced (P b 0.05) the concentration of ash in femur but not the amount of ash, reduced (P b 0.05) the concentration of Ca and Cl in femur ash, and linearly increased (P b 0.05) the concentration of P in femur ash. In summary, benzoic acid increased the utilization of dietary Ca, P, and K, did not affect the utilization of dietary Mg, and reduced the utilization of dietary Na and Cl. During swine feed formulation, effects of benzoic acid on macromineral utilization should be considered to ensure that macromineral requirements are met and not exceeded following benzoic acid supplementation.
Journal of Animal Science, 2007
Effect of dietary protein content on ileal amino acid digestibility, growth performance, ABSTRACT... more Effect of dietary protein content on ileal amino acid digestibility, growth performance, ABSTRACT: Diarrhea incidence in weaned pigs may be associated with the concentration of intestinal microbial metabolites (ammonia, amines, and VFA) that are influenced by dietary CP content. Three experiments were conducted to determine effects of a low-protein, AA-supplemented diet on ileal AA digestibility, growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and concentration of microbial metabolites in ileal and cecal digesta of pigs weaned at 14 d of age. In Exp. 1, 8 pigs fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum were assigned in a crossover design to 2 diets containing 24 or 20% CP using wheat, corn, full-fat soybeans, whey powder, fish meal, and blood plasma as the main ingredients. Supplemental AA were added to the diets to meet the AA standards according to the 1998 NRC recommendations. Chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. Diets were fed at 2.5 times the ME requirement for maintenance. The reduction of dietary CP decreased (P < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility of most AA, except Lys, Met, Thr, Val, and Pro. Dietary CP content Exp. 3. Thirty-two crossbred (Duroc × Large White/ Landrace) mixed-sex pigs with an average initial BW of by Miguel Cervantes on January 5, 2009. jas.fass.org Downloaded from
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2013
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2014
Heat stress (HS) depresses pig performance mainly because of appetite reduction, although other f... more Heat stress (HS) depresses pig performance mainly because of appetite reduction, although other factors involved in the cellular availability of nutrients may also contribute to that depression. An experiment was conducted with twelve pair-fed pigs (30.3 ± 2.7 kg BW) to examine the effect of severe HS (up to 45 °C) on the expression of genes coding for two cationic amino acid (AA) transporters (b(0,+) AT and CAT-1), leptin, heat-shock protein (Hsp-90) and myosin in several tissues; serum concentrations (SC) of AA; and performance. There were two treatments: Comfort, pigs housed at an average temperature of 22 (±2) °C; and HS, pigs housed in a similar room with no climate control, where temperature was raised up to 45 °C. All pigs received the same wheat-soybean meal diet and had similar daily feed intake. Comfort pigs had a higher daily gain and better gain/feed ratio than HS pigs (p < 0.05). The expression of b(0,+) AT in jejunum and liver, that of myosin in the Semitendinosus muscle, and leptin in adipose tissue was lower, but CAT-1 in jejunum and liver, and Hsp-90 in liver was higher in HS pigs. The SC of Lys and Met in HS pigs were around 55% and 20%, respectively, of that in Comfort pigs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HS affects the expression of cationic AA transporters, myosin, Hsp-90, leptin; the SC of Lys and Met; and the performance of pair-fed pigs. These results suggest that HS-related changes in gene expression affect the performance of pigs beyond the effect caused by the reduction in voluntary feed intake.
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2011
Genetics and Molecular Research, 2013
participates in the activity of cationic amino acid (aa) transporters. Also, branched-chain aa [L... more participates in the activity of cationic amino acid (aa) transporters. Also, branched-chain aa [Leu, isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val)] share intestinal transporters for absorption. We conducted an experiment with 16 young pigs (body weight of about 16 kg) to determine whether Leu and Ile affect expression of aa transporters b 0,+ and CAT-1 in the jejunum and expression of myosin in muscle, as well as serum concentration of essential aa, and growth performance in pigs. Dietary treatments were: wheat-based diets fortified with Lys, Thr, and Met; basal diet plus 0.50% Leu; basal diet plus 0.50% Ile, and basal diet plus 0.50% Leu and 0.50% Ile. After 28 days, the pigs were sacrificed to collect blood, jejunum, and semitendinosus and longissimus muscle samples. The effects of single and combined addition of Leu and Ile were analyzed. Leu alone or combined with Ile significantly decreased daily weight gain and reduced feed conversion. Leu and Ile, alone or in combination, significantly decreased expression of b 0,+ and significantly increased CAT-1. Ile alone or combined with Leu significantly decreased myosin expression in semitendinosus and significantly decreased it in ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 12 (1): 115-126 (2013) longissimus muscle. Leu alone significantly decreased Lys, Ile and Thr serum concentrations; Ile significantly decreased Thr serum concentration; combined Leu and Ile significantly decreased Thr and significantly increased Val serum concentration. We conclude that dietary levels of Leu and Ile affect growth performance, expression of aa transporters and myosin, and aa serum concentrations in pigs.
Interciencia, 2007
SUMMARY The effect on the utilization of P and Ca of phytase supplementation to a high-and low-ph... more SUMMARY The effect on the utilization of P and Ca of phytase supplementation to a high-and low-phytate diet for growing pigs fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, was determined. Eight barrows, 40.6±1.7 kg BW, were assigned to four dietary treatments ...
Archives of Animal Nutrition, 2012
Ramírez (2012): Effects of dietary protein and amino acid levels on the expression of selected ca... more Ramírez (2012): Effects of dietary protein and amino acid levels on the expression of selected cationic amino acid transporters and serum amino acid concentration in growing pigs, Archives of Animal Nutrition,
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2012
This study was conducted to determine whether supplemental phytase affects the activities of tryp... more This study was conducted to determine whether supplemental phytase affects the activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the small intestine and the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AAs) in pigs fed sorghum-soybean meal (SBM) diets. Twelve pigs (22.3 ± 1.8 kg initial weight) were housed individually in metabolism crates. Dietary treatments were a basal sorghum-SBM diet (182 g/kg CP) with or without supplementation of 500 phytase activity units. Both diets met or exceeded the requirements of the indispensable AA, available P and Ca of growing pigs. At the end of the 17-day study, pigs were euthanized to harvest digesta from stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and measure their trypsin and chymotrypsin activity. The AID of AA was measured in ileal digesta. Phytase decreased (P<0.01) trypsin activity in jejunum, increased (P<0.01) trypsin activity in the ileum, and decreased (P<0.01) chymotrypsin activity in the ileum. Phytase did not affect (P>0.50) the AID of CP and AA. In conclusion, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were mostly either unaffected or reduced by phytase, which might be a factor in the lack of improved AID of AA and CP in pigs fed phytase-supplemented sorghum-SBM diets.
Journal of Animal Science, 2006
An experiment was conducted with growing pigs to determine the excretion of P and N in 4 barley-b... more An experiment was conducted with growing pigs to determine the excretion of P and N in 4 barley-based diets formulated to contain 18 or 15% CP by using a normal hulless barley (HB) or a low-phytate hulless barley (LPHB). The HB contained 0.27% total P and 0.14% phytate P; the LPHB contained 0.24% total P and 0.03% phytate P. The diets were supplemented with lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan to meet their apparent ileal digestible supplies according to the National Research Council (NRC). All diets were supplemented with inorganic P to meet the NRC recommendation for available P (0.23%). Eight barrows, average body weight 20.4 kg, were assigned to the 4 dietary treatments according to a repeated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The diets were fed at a rate of 2.5 the ME requirement for maintenance. The barrows were fed twice daily, at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m., equal amounts each meal. Water was added to the feed at a ratio of 2.5 to 1. Each experimental period consisted of a 7-d adaptation period followed by a 5-d collection of faeces and urine. The substitution of HB with LPHB decreased (P<0.001) the total P excretion by 33.5 and 35% for the 18 and 15% CP diets, respectively. Reducing the CP content from 18 to 15% decreased (P<0.001) the N excretion by 26% for both the HB and LPHB diets. With the reduction in CP content, there was a decrease (P<0.001) in the amount of N retained. The N:P ratio in excreta of pigs fed the LPHB diets was higher (P<0.001) than of pigs fed the HB diets. The digestibility of N was higher (P<0.001) in pigs fed the LPHB compared to the HB diets. The data indicate that P and N excretions can be greatly reduced by substitution of HB by LPHB, and by the reduction of the CP content, respectively in diets for growing pigs.
Volumen 15 (número 4) 2008 Pancreatina y digestibilidad ileal de aminoácidos en cerdos/Pancreatin... more Volumen 15 (número 4) 2008 Pancreatina y digestibilidad ileal de aminoácidos en cerdos/Pancreatin and ileal digestibility of amino acids in pigs 317
Journal of Animal Science
Agrociencia
Digestibilidad ileal de aminoácidos y comportamiento productivo de cerdos alimentados con dietas ... more Digestibilidad ileal de aminoácidos y comportamiento productivo de cerdos alimentados con dietas a base de trigo, adicionadas con una proteasa fungal Agrociencia, vol. 36, núm. 5, septiembre-octubre, 2002, pp. 515-522, Colegio de Postgraduados México ¿Cómo citar? Fascículo completo Más información del artículo Página de la revista Agrociencia, ISSN (Versión impresa): 1405-3195 agrocien@colpos.colpos.mx Colegio de Postgraduados México www.redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto 515
Agrociencia
Phytates in grains and soybean meal (SBM) interact with phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), preventi... more Phytates in grains and soybean meal (SBM) interact with phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), preventing their use. These molecules can also interact with amino acids (AA), proteins, and starch, affecting digestibility. In this study an experiment was conducted to determine whether in addition to raising the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of P and Ca, phytase also improves AID of crude protein (CP) and AA, as well as fecal digestibility (FD) of gross energy (GE). Ten barrows (initial BW 18.6�b1.3 kg), fitted with cannulas at the distal ileum, were assigned to five diets (treatments) in a 5�e5 replicated Latin square design. Treatments (T) were: T1) control diet with sorghum-SBM plus inorganic P (�yIP); T2) basal diet, sorghum-SBM without inorganic P (�{IP�{FTU); T3, T4 and T5 were the basal diet plus 250, 500 and 1000 phytase units (FTU) kg�{1 of feed (�{IP�yFTU). Absorption and AID of P and Ca increased, and excretion decreased (p�T0.05) by phytase addition to basal diet. P and Ca e...
Titulo corto: Manipulación nutricional y contaminación ambiental NUTRITIONAL MANIPULATION OF PIGS... more Titulo corto: Manipulación nutricional y contaminación ambiental NUTRITIONAL MANIPULATION OF PIGS TO DECREASE ENVIRONMENTAL POLUTION SUMMARY Diets for intensive pig production mainly consist of ingredients as cereal grains and legume pastes which are characterized for containing either anti-nutritional factors (FAN) or a desequilibrium in nutrient content.
Se determinó el efecto de la adición de fitasa a dietas altas y bajas en fitatos en la utilizació... more Se determinó el efecto de la adición de fitasa a dietas altas y bajas en fitatos en la utilización de P y Ca por cerdos en crecimiento adaptados con una cánula simple tipo T en íleon distal. Se asignaron ocho cerdos, 40,6 ±1,7kg peso corporal, a cuatro dietas de acuerdo con un diseño en Cuadro latino repetido 4 x 4 (n=8). Las dietas fueron las siguientes: 1) dieta alta en fitatos con 20% de salvado de arroz, fuente rica en P-fitato; 2) dieta 1 pero adicionada con 2000 unidades fitasa (FTU) por kg; 3) dieta baja en fitatos con 2% de salvado de arroz; y 4) dieta 3 pero adicionada con 2000 FTU por kg. Otros ingredientes mayores en la dieta fueron cebada, trigo, pasta de soya y pasta de canola; se añadió óxido crómico como marcador inerte. La composición de las dietas altas y bajas en fitatos fue la siguiente: P-total, 0,77 y 0,58%; P-fitatos, 0,48 y 0,22%; y Ca, 1,30 y 0,86%, respectivamente; el contenido de P disponible en todas las dietas fue similar (0,23%). La colecta de heces y or...
Journal of Animal Science, 2015
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2014
Lysine (Lys) is the first limiting amino acid (AA) in most feed formulations for pigs and most ab... more Lysine (Lys) is the first limiting amino acid (AA) in most feed formulations for pigs and most abundant, along with leucine, in muscle proteins. An experiment was conducted with 17 pigs (17.7 AE 0.05 kg initial BW) to identify a role of dietary Lys in the control of protein synthesis in pigs. Fourteen pigs were randomly assigned to one of the two wheat-based dietary treatments: Lys-deficient, 3.0 g/kg (DEF) and Lys-adequate, 10.8 g/kg (ADE). Samples from jejunum mucosa, liver, Longissumus and Semitendinosus muscles, and blood were collected. The other three pigs were sacrificed at the beginning of the trial to measure basal carcass composition. Weight gain, gain:feed ratio, Lys intake and loin eye area were greater in ADE than in DEF pigs (p < 0.01). Musclerelated carcass characteristics were better, and myosin heavy chain IIb expression (MyHC IIb) in Semitendinosus was higher in ADE than in DEF pigs. Expression of AA transporters CAT-1 was lower (p < 0.05), serum Lys was higher and serum Val was lower in pigs fed the ADE diet. The higher muscularity, MyHC IIb expression in Semitendinosus muscle and Lys serum of pigs fed the ADE diet suggest that Lys increases growth rate not only by functioning as protein construction unit but also as potential control of the protein synthesis process.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2013
ABSTRACT Residual oil content that increases the dietary energy value makes expeller-pressed cano... more ABSTRACT Residual oil content that increases the dietary energy value makes expeller-pressed canola meal (EPCM) and cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC) attractive feedstuffs for swine. The energy and amino acid (AA) digestibility of EPCM and CPCC were evaluated feeding six crossbred Hypor barrows (initial weight of 65.7 ± 1.7 kg) surgically fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. Pigs were fed twice daily at 2.8 times the estimated maintenance requirement of digestible energy (DE). Diets containing 500 g/kg of either EPCM or CPCC and an N-free diet were tested in a replicated 3×3 Latin square. The oil content of EPCM was half that of CPCC (105 vs. 202 g/kg). Total glucosinolate content of EPCM was double that of CPCC (11.9 vs. 5.6 μmol/g). The apparent total tract digestibility coefficient and apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (CAID) of energy were lower (P<0.05) in EPCM than CPCC. The DE (P<0.05) and calculated net energy (NE) content were lower (P<0.001) in EPCM than CPCC (14.3 vs. 16.5 and 9.0 vs. 11.5 MJ NE/kg as fed, respectively). The CAID of lysine and cysteine was lower (P<0.05) in EPCM than CPCC. The standardized ileal digestibility coefficient (CSID) of alanine, cysteine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine and valine was lower (P<0.05) in EPCM than CPCC. However, the standardized ileal digestible content of all AA was greater (P<0.05) in EPCM than CPCC. In conclusion, lower residual oil and greater content of antinutritional factors (glucosinolates and fibre) in EPCM compared with CPCC were important factors that lowered energy digestibility and DE and NE values in EPCM compared to CPCC and likely lowered CSID of some indispensable AA in EPCM vs. CPCC, including lysine.
Livestock Science, 2009
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of benzoic acid on u... more The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of benzoic acid on utilization of the macrominerals Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, and Cl in growing pigs. Eighteen barrows, initial BW of 28 ± 1.7 kg, were assigned to 3 diets: a basal diet based on barley, wheat, soybean meal, corn, and field pea and formulated to contain 9.31 MJ NE kg − 1 and 8.84 g − 1 kg standardized ileal digestible lysine, or the basal diet containing 10 or 20 g kg − 1 benzoic acid by replacing tapioca starch. The pigs were fed the experimental diets a rate of 2.7 times the maintenance requirement for ME for 21 days. Faeces and urine were collected quantitatively from days 11 to 21, and blood and plasma was collected on days 1, 10, and 21. On day 21, the pigs were killed and the left femur was removed. Benzoic acid linearly decreased (P = 0.001) the urine pH from 7.32 to 5.32, and quadratically increased (P b 0.05) blood pH on day 21. Benzoic acid linearly increased (P b 0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca, P, and Na from 65 to 72%, 46 to 55%, and 78 to 90%, respectively, linearly decreased (P b 0.05) the ATTD of Cl from 94 to 93%, and did not affect the ATTD of Mg and K. Benzoic acid linearly increased (P b 0.05) the retention of Ca, P, and K from 58 to 67%, 46 to 54%, and 31 to 38%, respectively, linearly decreased (P b 0.05) the retention of Na and Cl from 57 to 48% and 75 to 44%, respectively, and did not affect retention of Mg. On day 21, benzoic acid linearly increased (P = 0.001) plasma P and quadratically increased (P b 0.05) plasma K or tended to increase (P = 0.05) plasma Na. Benzoic acid linearly reduced (P b 0.05) the concentration of ash in femur but not the amount of ash, reduced (P b 0.05) the concentration of Ca and Cl in femur ash, and linearly increased (P b 0.05) the concentration of P in femur ash. In summary, benzoic acid increased the utilization of dietary Ca, P, and K, did not affect the utilization of dietary Mg, and reduced the utilization of dietary Na and Cl. During swine feed formulation, effects of benzoic acid on macromineral utilization should be considered to ensure that macromineral requirements are met and not exceeded following benzoic acid supplementation.
Journal of Animal Science, 2007
Effect of dietary protein content on ileal amino acid digestibility, growth performance, ABSTRACT... more Effect of dietary protein content on ileal amino acid digestibility, growth performance, ABSTRACT: Diarrhea incidence in weaned pigs may be associated with the concentration of intestinal microbial metabolites (ammonia, amines, and VFA) that are influenced by dietary CP content. Three experiments were conducted to determine effects of a low-protein, AA-supplemented diet on ileal AA digestibility, growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and concentration of microbial metabolites in ileal and cecal digesta of pigs weaned at 14 d of age. In Exp. 1, 8 pigs fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum were assigned in a crossover design to 2 diets containing 24 or 20% CP using wheat, corn, full-fat soybeans, whey powder, fish meal, and blood plasma as the main ingredients. Supplemental AA were added to the diets to meet the AA standards according to the 1998 NRC recommendations. Chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. Diets were fed at 2.5 times the ME requirement for maintenance. The reduction of dietary CP decreased (P < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility of most AA, except Lys, Met, Thr, Val, and Pro. Dietary CP content Exp. 3. Thirty-two crossbred (Duroc × Large White/ Landrace) mixed-sex pigs with an average initial BW of by Miguel Cervantes on January 5, 2009. jas.fass.org Downloaded from
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2013
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2014
Heat stress (HS) depresses pig performance mainly because of appetite reduction, although other f... more Heat stress (HS) depresses pig performance mainly because of appetite reduction, although other factors involved in the cellular availability of nutrients may also contribute to that depression. An experiment was conducted with twelve pair-fed pigs (30.3 ± 2.7 kg BW) to examine the effect of severe HS (up to 45 °C) on the expression of genes coding for two cationic amino acid (AA) transporters (b(0,+) AT and CAT-1), leptin, heat-shock protein (Hsp-90) and myosin in several tissues; serum concentrations (SC) of AA; and performance. There were two treatments: Comfort, pigs housed at an average temperature of 22 (±2) °C; and HS, pigs housed in a similar room with no climate control, where temperature was raised up to 45 °C. All pigs received the same wheat-soybean meal diet and had similar daily feed intake. Comfort pigs had a higher daily gain and better gain/feed ratio than HS pigs (p < 0.05). The expression of b(0,+) AT in jejunum and liver, that of myosin in the Semitendinosus muscle, and leptin in adipose tissue was lower, but CAT-1 in jejunum and liver, and Hsp-90 in liver was higher in HS pigs. The SC of Lys and Met in HS pigs were around 55% and 20%, respectively, of that in Comfort pigs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HS affects the expression of cationic AA transporters, myosin, Hsp-90, leptin; the SC of Lys and Met; and the performance of pair-fed pigs. These results suggest that HS-related changes in gene expression affect the performance of pigs beyond the effect caused by the reduction in voluntary feed intake.
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2011
Genetics and Molecular Research, 2013
participates in the activity of cationic amino acid (aa) transporters. Also, branched-chain aa [L... more participates in the activity of cationic amino acid (aa) transporters. Also, branched-chain aa [Leu, isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val)] share intestinal transporters for absorption. We conducted an experiment with 16 young pigs (body weight of about 16 kg) to determine whether Leu and Ile affect expression of aa transporters b 0,+ and CAT-1 in the jejunum and expression of myosin in muscle, as well as serum concentration of essential aa, and growth performance in pigs. Dietary treatments were: wheat-based diets fortified with Lys, Thr, and Met; basal diet plus 0.50% Leu; basal diet plus 0.50% Ile, and basal diet plus 0.50% Leu and 0.50% Ile. After 28 days, the pigs were sacrificed to collect blood, jejunum, and semitendinosus and longissimus muscle samples. The effects of single and combined addition of Leu and Ile were analyzed. Leu alone or combined with Ile significantly decreased daily weight gain and reduced feed conversion. Leu and Ile, alone or in combination, significantly decreased expression of b 0,+ and significantly increased CAT-1. Ile alone or combined with Leu significantly decreased myosin expression in semitendinosus and significantly decreased it in ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 12 (1): 115-126 (2013) longissimus muscle. Leu alone significantly decreased Lys, Ile and Thr serum concentrations; Ile significantly decreased Thr serum concentration; combined Leu and Ile significantly decreased Thr and significantly increased Val serum concentration. We conclude that dietary levels of Leu and Ile affect growth performance, expression of aa transporters and myosin, and aa serum concentrations in pigs.
Interciencia, 2007
SUMMARY The effect on the utilization of P and Ca of phytase supplementation to a high-and low-ph... more SUMMARY The effect on the utilization of P and Ca of phytase supplementation to a high-and low-phytate diet for growing pigs fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, was determined. Eight barrows, 40.6±1.7 kg BW, were assigned to four dietary treatments ...
Archives of Animal Nutrition, 2012
Ramírez (2012): Effects of dietary protein and amino acid levels on the expression of selected ca... more Ramírez (2012): Effects of dietary protein and amino acid levels on the expression of selected cationic amino acid transporters and serum amino acid concentration in growing pigs, Archives of Animal Nutrition,
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2012
This study was conducted to determine whether supplemental phytase affects the activities of tryp... more This study was conducted to determine whether supplemental phytase affects the activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the small intestine and the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AAs) in pigs fed sorghum-soybean meal (SBM) diets. Twelve pigs (22.3 ± 1.8 kg initial weight) were housed individually in metabolism crates. Dietary treatments were a basal sorghum-SBM diet (182 g/kg CP) with or without supplementation of 500 phytase activity units. Both diets met or exceeded the requirements of the indispensable AA, available P and Ca of growing pigs. At the end of the 17-day study, pigs were euthanized to harvest digesta from stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and measure their trypsin and chymotrypsin activity. The AID of AA was measured in ileal digesta. Phytase decreased (P<0.01) trypsin activity in jejunum, increased (P<0.01) trypsin activity in the ileum, and decreased (P<0.01) chymotrypsin activity in the ileum. Phytase did not affect (P>0.50) the AID of CP and AA. In conclusion, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were mostly either unaffected or reduced by phytase, which might be a factor in the lack of improved AID of AA and CP in pigs fed phytase-supplemented sorghum-SBM diets.
Journal of Animal Science, 2006
An experiment was conducted with growing pigs to determine the excretion of P and N in 4 barley-b... more An experiment was conducted with growing pigs to determine the excretion of P and N in 4 barley-based diets formulated to contain 18 or 15% CP by using a normal hulless barley (HB) or a low-phytate hulless barley (LPHB). The HB contained 0.27% total P and 0.14% phytate P; the LPHB contained 0.24% total P and 0.03% phytate P. The diets were supplemented with lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan to meet their apparent ileal digestible supplies according to the National Research Council (NRC). All diets were supplemented with inorganic P to meet the NRC recommendation for available P (0.23%). Eight barrows, average body weight 20.4 kg, were assigned to the 4 dietary treatments according to a repeated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The diets were fed at a rate of 2.5 the ME requirement for maintenance. The barrows were fed twice daily, at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m., equal amounts each meal. Water was added to the feed at a ratio of 2.5 to 1. Each experimental period consisted of a 7-d adaptation period followed by a 5-d collection of faeces and urine. The substitution of HB with LPHB decreased (P<0.001) the total P excretion by 33.5 and 35% for the 18 and 15% CP diets, respectively. Reducing the CP content from 18 to 15% decreased (P<0.001) the N excretion by 26% for both the HB and LPHB diets. With the reduction in CP content, there was a decrease (P<0.001) in the amount of N retained. The N:P ratio in excreta of pigs fed the LPHB diets was higher (P<0.001) than of pigs fed the HB diets. The digestibility of N was higher (P<0.001) in pigs fed the LPHB compared to the HB diets. The data indicate that P and N excretions can be greatly reduced by substitution of HB by LPHB, and by the reduction of the CP content, respectively in diets for growing pigs.