Benthe Dijkman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Università degli Studi di Milano - State University of Milan (Italy)
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Researc
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Papers by Benthe Dijkman
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports
Summary A 31-year-old woman with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) experienced brea... more Summary A 31-year-old woman with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) experienced breast volume fluctuations during biphasic hormone replacement therapy consisting of estradiol and cyclical dydrogesterone, a progestin. 3D breast volume measurements showed a 100 cc volume (17%) difference between estradiol monotherapy and combined estradiol and dydrogesterone treatment. Progestogen-dependent breast volume changes have not been reported in the literature. Our findings suggest a correlation between progestogen use and breast volume. Due to the rapid cyclical changes, we hypothesize that the effect is caused by fluid retention. Learning points There is limited reports available on the effects of progesterone on breast development and volume. 3D imaging provides an easy-to-use method to quantify breast volume. The patient in our case description clearly showed that cyclic progesterone use might induce substantial cyclic changes in breast volume. In women with complete androgen...
The Breast, 2021
No literature is available on the benign versus malignant breast lesion ratio in trans women (mal... more No literature is available on the benign versus malignant breast lesion ratio in trans women (male sex assigned at birth, female gender identity). As hormone treatment in trans women results in breast tissue histologically comparable with cis (non-trans) women, breast pathology may be expected. Previously, an increased breast cancer risk compared with cis men have been observed. We aimed to investigate the frequency and outcomes of breast biopsies in trans women. Therefore, we retrospectively examined the medical files of 2616 trans women. To gain data on breast lesions, we linked our cohort to a national pathology database. In this study we found that 126 people (5%) had one or more breast biopsies (n = 139). Of these, 21 trans women had a breast biopsy before the start of hormone treatment, and 53 after the start of hormone treatment. Breast biopsies were performed predominantly because of abnormalities during physical examination (37%, n = 51/139 biopsies), or because of capsular formation or contraction (28%, n = 16/57 biopsies) in trans women with breast implants. The most common breast lesions after the start of hormone treatment were fibroadenomas (n = 20), breast cancer (n = 6), fibrosis (n = 5), cysts (n = 4), and infections (n = 4). The benign versus malignant breast biopsy ratio was 88:12, which is comparable to the ratio in cis women (90:10). This study shows breast lesions in a limited number of trans women. Since the indications and outcomes of biopsies in trans women were similar to those in cis women, it seems reasonable to follow breast care guidelines as developed for cis women.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2020
Context Breast development is important for most trans women. An important limitation of current ... more Context Breast development is important for most trans women. An important limitation of current breast development measurement methods is that these do not allow for 3D volume analyses. Objectives To examine breast development and change in anthropometry during the first 3 years of gender-affirming hormone treatment using 3D imaging. Associations with clinical or laboratory parameters and satisfaction with the gained breast development were also studied. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Specialized tertiary gender identity clinic in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participants Participants were 69 adult trans women with a median age of 26 years (interquartile range, 21-38). Interventions Gender-affirming hormone treatment. Main Outcome Measures Volumetric and anthropometric breast development and satisfaction. Results Breast volume increased by 72 cc (95% confidence interval [CI], 48-97) to 100 cc (standard deviation 48). This resulted in a cup-size <A-cup in 71% of the part...
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports
Summary A 31-year-old woman with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) experienced brea... more Summary A 31-year-old woman with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) experienced breast volume fluctuations during biphasic hormone replacement therapy consisting of estradiol and cyclical dydrogesterone, a progestin. 3D breast volume measurements showed a 100 cc volume (17%) difference between estradiol monotherapy and combined estradiol and dydrogesterone treatment. Progestogen-dependent breast volume changes have not been reported in the literature. Our findings suggest a correlation between progestogen use and breast volume. Due to the rapid cyclical changes, we hypothesize that the effect is caused by fluid retention. Learning points There is limited reports available on the effects of progesterone on breast development and volume. 3D imaging provides an easy-to-use method to quantify breast volume. The patient in our case description clearly showed that cyclic progesterone use might induce substantial cyclic changes in breast volume. In women with complete androgen...
The Breast, 2021
No literature is available on the benign versus malignant breast lesion ratio in trans women (mal... more No literature is available on the benign versus malignant breast lesion ratio in trans women (male sex assigned at birth, female gender identity). As hormone treatment in trans women results in breast tissue histologically comparable with cis (non-trans) women, breast pathology may be expected. Previously, an increased breast cancer risk compared with cis men have been observed. We aimed to investigate the frequency and outcomes of breast biopsies in trans women. Therefore, we retrospectively examined the medical files of 2616 trans women. To gain data on breast lesions, we linked our cohort to a national pathology database. In this study we found that 126 people (5%) had one or more breast biopsies (n = 139). Of these, 21 trans women had a breast biopsy before the start of hormone treatment, and 53 after the start of hormone treatment. Breast biopsies were performed predominantly because of abnormalities during physical examination (37%, n = 51/139 biopsies), or because of capsular formation or contraction (28%, n = 16/57 biopsies) in trans women with breast implants. The most common breast lesions after the start of hormone treatment were fibroadenomas (n = 20), breast cancer (n = 6), fibrosis (n = 5), cysts (n = 4), and infections (n = 4). The benign versus malignant breast biopsy ratio was 88:12, which is comparable to the ratio in cis women (90:10). This study shows breast lesions in a limited number of trans women. Since the indications and outcomes of biopsies in trans women were similar to those in cis women, it seems reasonable to follow breast care guidelines as developed for cis women.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2020
Context Breast development is important for most trans women. An important limitation of current ... more Context Breast development is important for most trans women. An important limitation of current breast development measurement methods is that these do not allow for 3D volume analyses. Objectives To examine breast development and change in anthropometry during the first 3 years of gender-affirming hormone treatment using 3D imaging. Associations with clinical or laboratory parameters and satisfaction with the gained breast development were also studied. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Specialized tertiary gender identity clinic in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participants Participants were 69 adult trans women with a median age of 26 years (interquartile range, 21-38). Interventions Gender-affirming hormone treatment. Main Outcome Measures Volumetric and anthropometric breast development and satisfaction. Results Breast volume increased by 72 cc (95% confidence interval [CI], 48-97) to 100 cc (standard deviation 48). This resulted in a cup-size <A-cup in 71% of the part...