Berhane Kidane - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Berhane Kidane

The African Sandalwood plant (Osyris lanceolata) is a threatened shrub or a small hemiparasitic t... more The African Sandalwood plant (Osyris lanceolata) is a threatened shrub or a small hemiparasitic tree endemic to East Africa and South African regions, which is being severely affected by fungus, uprooting for oil extraction, poor natural regeneration, phenological structures (dioecious), medicinal values, lack of sexual recruitment, habitat loss, anthropogenic and climate factors and life span of its seed is short. It has been found a chllange through application of in situ conservation of natural trees like osyris lanceoleta since rapid human population growth and dramatically change the demands of fuel wood and agriculture investement, the available natural strands of valuable plants of African sandalwood have not been able to meet the demands of the people in world specifically developing countries. How ever, this study via using the advances of plant propagation method it provide new options for conserving and multiplication of Osyris lanceolata species using in vitro culture techniques of using IBA hormone by taking plant material of the targated plant. Propagation of African sandalwood (Osyris lanceolata) by rooting hormone of IBA in non-mist poly-propagator was investigated by taking young stem of osyris lanceoleta from Bazawit Hill and we provide an alternative propagation technique to the use of seeds. This Hill is near to Bahrdar town , Ethiopia.New leaf were initiated on the young stems of the osyris after six weeks of the experment.The influence of IBA as rooting promoter at three concentrations (50, 100 and 150 ppm) were recorded.Un expectedly,from the data collected it was observed that the success 83.3% can be achieved from young stem of un treatead cuting gave a new leaf and 50% were achived in the treatead plant, this propagation technique is a viable alternative to seed. The success may influenced by application orgin of a stem cutting with a type of soil.

This work has not been reviewed by the Section for Mathematics and the Natural Sciences of OEAW. ... more This work has not been reviewed by the Section for Mathematics and the Natural Sciences of OEAW. The opinions expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the contributory organisations.

Oxytenanthera abyssinica A. Rich. Munro species-site suitability matching in Ethiopia

Advances in Bamboo Science

Demand for natural and organic foods, including bamboo shoots has greatly increased. In Ethiopia,... more Demand for natural and organic foods, including bamboo shoots has greatly increased. In Ethiopia, bamboo shoot of the two indigenous species is traditionally used for food. However, information on nutritional profile of the two indigenous bamboo species and bioavailability of important mineral elements is limited in the country. This paper describes the proximate and mineral composition of bamboo shoot of the two indigenous bamboo species of Ethiopian (Arundinaria alpina and Oxytenanthera abyssinica). Shoot samples, height 10-30 cm, were collected from North western Ethiopia and analyzed for their nutrient and mineral contents following the methods developed by Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The results indicated that A. alpina shoot has higher protein, Ca, P and Crude Fiber and low HCN contents. On dry weight basis, A. alpina contains 31.33% protein, 12.17% crude fiber and 13.67% ash. The mineral content, in mg/100 gm of bamboo shoots, was found to be potassium 1661.17, calcium 369.5, phosphorus 887, and sodium 17.33. O. abyssinica shoot has almost similar nutrient content to A. alpina shoot except difference in very few mineral elements. O. abyssinica shoot has higher potassium. On dry weight basis, it contains 27% protein, 8.67% crude fiber, and 11.33% ash. Its mineral contents in mg/100 gm, dry weight basis, were potassium 4737, calcium 203.8, phosphorus 704 and Na 16.67. The values for tannin and phytate are higher for A. alpina but with very low (below detection level) hydrocyanic acid. The result indicated that mineral and proximate contents also vary depending on location and species. Shoot size has no significant effect on proximate and mineral contents except tannin that increased with shoot size. Generally the two indigenous bamboos have good nutrient profile. Developing improved processing techniques that enhance bioavailability of Fe in bamboo shoot foods of indigenous species is required.

Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 2009

and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study pu... more and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Livestock production is an integral part of the agricultural syst... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Livestock production is an integral part of the agricultural system in Ethiopia. Medicinal plants are used and are important for rural communities for the treatment of livestock diseases. We studied and analysed the traditional medicinal plants used for the treatment of livestock diseases by the Maale and Ari ethnic communities in southern Ethiopia. Materials and methods: We used quantitative and qualitative ethobotanical methods, including individual and focus group discussions (n¼18), field observations, and individual interviews (n¼ 74) at three study sites. Results: In total, 46 plant species (28 families) were used for the treatment of livestock diseases. Leaves with succulent stems were the most used part of the plant. The most frequently cited cattle disease was blackleg, for which 21 plant species were used. Our study showed variation in ethnoveterinary plant species used among sites (Jaccard's similarity indices o0.25). The number of medicinal plant species used was significantly influenced by gender and site. Knowledge on ethnoveterinary plants was predominantly held by males, who cited more plant uses than females. The most widely used species were Lepidium sativum, Allium sativum, Clausena anisata, Croton macrostachyus, Ozoroa insignis, Sida rhombifolia, Centella asiatica, Cissampelos mucronata, Vernonia theophrastifolia and Vernonia amygdalina. Conclusions: The study indicated that ethnoveterinary medicinal plants are important for the Maale and Ari ethnic communities. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies should focus on widely used and multi-use species.

Processes, Lessons and Challenges from Participatory Tree Species Selection, Planting and Management Research in the Highland Vertisol Areas of Central Ethiopia

Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 2008

Various organizations have delivered millions of tree seedlings to Ethiopian highland farmers to ... more Various organizations have delivered millions of tree seedlings to Ethiopian highland farmers to counteract crises due to shortages of wood and animal feed, soil erosion and fertility problems. However, the desired results have not been achieved, as most efforts have lacked proper methodologies, follow-up and farmers&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; participation. Participatory tree species selection, planting and management research was conducted from 2002 to

Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2006

Natural resource degradation in highland regions is of increasing concern to the global community... more Natural resource degradation in highland regions is of increasing concern to the global community due to its role in aggravating poverty and the loss of environmental services to local and downstream users. The integration of trees into smallholder farming systems has been promoted as a means to enhance rural livelihoods while reversing the degradation of soil, water, biodiversity and related environmental services. Yet in addition to these benefits, negative impacts of trees on certain stakeholders or system components have also accompanied such efforts -suggesting that important trade-offs accompany these efforts. This paper presents a methodology for diagnosing problems stemming from cultivation of certain tree species in specific landscape niches. Data derived from the application of this methodology in two sites in the eastern African highlands are presented. Participatory diagnoses of landscape-level problems suggest that the negative impact of trees on water resource availability and crop yield are of critical concern to smallholder farmers. Ethnoecological data highlight the properties of different tree species that determine their suitability to specific farm and landscape niches. These data point to important opportunities for more socially-and environmentally-optimal integration of indigenous and exotic tree species into agricultural landscapes, and highlight the critical importance of local knowledge in forging solutions appropriate to contemporary realities.

Watershed management to counter farming systems decline: toward a demand-driven, systems-oriented research agenda. Agricultural Research & Extension Network Network Paper No

opinions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of DFID. We are happy for this ... more opinions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of DFID. We are happy for this material to be reproduced on a not-for-profit basis. The Network Coordinator would appreciate receiving details of any use of this material in training, research or programme design, implementation or evaluation.

AFRICAN HIGHLANDS INITIATIVE (AHI) • WORKING PAPERS # 16 1 Watershed Management to Counter Farming Systems Decline Toward a Demand-Driven, Systems-Oriented Research Agenda1

Most formal research in support of agricultural development has focused on the alleviation of far... more Most formal research in support of agricultural development has focused on the alleviation of farm-level productivity constraints, with problem diagnosis often occurring through a single disciplinary lens. There is a strong push within national and international arenas to move toward broader units of analysis and intervention, including the landscape, catchment and watershed. However, there is a current imbalance in the strong momentum behind this shift and the paucity of methodological guidelines for operationalizing these new approaches within research and development (R&D) circles. This paper outlines an approach for grounding watershed management in local incentives for improved natural resource management (NRM) beyond the farm level, addressing component-specific contributions to landscape degradation, and bringing formal research contributions to bear on a demand-driven NRM agenda. Following a description of a methodology used to diagnose problems at landscape or watershed lev...

he integration of trees into smallholder farming systems has been extensively promoted in recent ... more he integration of trees into smallholder farming systems has been extensively promoted in recent decades as a means to enhance farmer incomes from diverse tree products while conserving soil, water and biodiversity and sequestering Carbon. There is a tendency to treat (agro)forestry as a largely technical enterprise with only positive social and environmental consequences. Yet the interactions between trees and other system components (and resource users) are significant, and can be both positive and negative. There is a critical need to institutionalize an emphasis on A Methodology for Understanding Niche Incompatibilities in Agroforestry

Environmental service rewards in ECA : using local knowledge and scenario analysis to minimize trade-offs

and conservation in Africa have focused on regulatory mechanisms that further restrict already li... more and conservation in Africa have focused on regulatory mechanisms that further restrict already limited livelihood options by prohibiting certain land uses and isolating people from forest resources. Tensions created through regulation (i.e. conservation versus livelihoods, rural versus urban interests, local versus global services) have made enforcement difficult. Results include encroachment on protected areas and a breakdown in environmental governance and enforcement. Environmental service (ES) reward systems (incentives) represent a promising alternative to regulation, enabling livelihood and conservation goals to be more easily reconciled. Environmental Service Rewards in ECA: Using Local Knowledge and Scenario Analysis to Minimize Trade-Offs

Prioritization and Selection of High Biomass Energy Producing Plant Species at Boset District, Central Ethiopia: An Ethnobotanical Approach

Background: In Ethiopia, about 92.3% of all the biomass energy is consumed by domestic households... more Background: In Ethiopia, about 92.3% of all the biomass energy is consumed by domestic households and the demand is growing from 10-14%. However, there are little/no practical experiences or documented indigenous knowledge on how traditional people identify and select high biomass producing plant species with short rotation periods at Boset District. Therefore, the present study was aimed at: (1) selecting and documenting high biomass energy producing plant species at Boset District; (2) identifying major predictor variables that influence the prioritization and selection of species; and (3) develop a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to predict the selection of species. Methods: A total of 96 informants comprising 59 men and 37 women between the ages of 18 and 81 were sampled. Data were collected using structured interviews, guided field walk, discussions and field observations. Results: Collected data indicated that 88.5% of the informants involved in firewood collection, while 90% p...

Ethnobotany of Highland Bamboo (Arundinaria alpina (K. Schum.)) in Southern Ethiopia

In the recent years medicinal and other economical important plants are getting attention due to ... more In the recent years medicinal and other economical important plants are getting attention due to the presence of therapeutically important active contents; however over exploitation and propagation problems are the major concern for conservation of several econmically important plant species. Among economical imprortant plants an attempt has been made to develop a propagation method for African sandalwood (Osyris lanceolata) by air layering approach aiming at providing an alternative propagation technique to the use of seeds or cuttings that germinate or root poorly. Air layers were applied root hormone to the stem branches of Osyris lanceolata (still attached to the plant) during Novmbere 2019, at Bazawit Hill,Nothern Ethiopia at edge of Blue-Nile River from its source at Lake Tana .Root initiation were starts after 12 weeks of the experments.The factors assessed in this experiment were the effect IBA as rooting promoter at three concentrations (0,50, 100 and 150 ppm) .

formal research in support of agricultural development has focused on the alleviation of farm-lev... more formal research in support of agricultural development has focused on the alleviation of farm-level productivity constraints, with problem diagnosis often occurring through a single disciplinary lens. There is a strong push within national and international arenas to move toward broader units of analysis and intervention, including the landscape, catchment and watershed. However, there is a current imbalance in the strong momentum behind this shift and the paucity of methodological guidelines for operationalising these new approaches within research and development (R&D) circles. This paper outlines an approach for grounding watershed management in local incentives for improved natural resource management (NRM) beyond the farm level, addressing component-specific contributions to landscape degradation, and bringing formal research contributions to bear on a demand-driven NRM agenda. Following a description of a methodology used to diagnose problems at landscape or watershed level, a...

Background In Ethiopia, about 92.3% of all the fuelwood (firewood and/or charcoal) is consumed fo... more Background In Ethiopia, about 92.3% of all the fuelwood (firewood and/or charcoal) is consumed for cooking, heating and lighting purposes by domestic households and the demand is growing from 10 to 14%. However, there are little/no practical experiences or documented indigenous knowledge on how traditional people identify and select high fuelwood producing plant species with short rotation periods at Boset District. Therefore, the present study was aimed at: (1) selecting and documenting high fuelwood producing plant species at Boset District; (2) identifying major predictor variables that influence the prioritization and selection of species; and (3) develop a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to predict the selection of species. Methods A total of 96 informants comprising 59 men and 37 women between the ages of 18 and 81 were sampled. Data were collected using structured interviews, guided field walk, discussions and field observations. Results Collected data indicated that 88.5% of ...

Farmers’ perceptions of the utility and the constraints of locally available woody species are as... more Farmers’ perceptions of the utility and the constraints of locally available woody species are assumed to influence the decision-making and the behaviour of tree and shrub integration into current land-use types. Accordingly, the objectives of this study are (1) to analyse farmers’ decisions in making use of woody plants under perceived constraints and (2) to analyse influencing factors that determine the deliberate tree and shrub growing behaviour. The methodology bases on the approaches of the ’Farming Systems’ and the ’Behavioural Decision-Making’. Influence diagrams are constructed incorporating the perceived utility and decision determinants of deliberately grown woody plants. Modelling of the tree adoption behaviour of farmers employs the ’Discriminant Analytical Approach’ taking into account the identified external and internal influencing factors. Results from the decision modelling reveal that woody plants are grown on-farm in view of the perceived utility of the species, p...