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Papers by Bernard Goodman

This paper reviews various types of application of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectros... more This paper reviews various types of application of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to understanding live biological systems. These are then illustrated with examples from the study of plant free radical and redox processes in tissue samples and intact specimens in vivo . Experimental procedures are critically presented along with examples of applications that include the elucidation of normal biochemical processes, as well as the responses of plants to abiotic and biotic stresses. Procedures presented include various approaches for discriminating between different types of free radical, the real time observation of variations in the rates of total free radical generation in response to changes in a plant’s environment, the identification of transition metal ion speciation, and the measurement of transport processes in vivo . Keywords: EPR, plant, in vivo, free radical, redox

The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics, 2018

This paper describes current views on the association of coffee consumption with various health f... more This paper describes current views on the association of coffee consumption with various health factors, and illustrates how the composition of coffee can be engineered through manipulation of the roasting process; the possibility of using this information to improve health-related properties of the beverage is then discussed. It is also noted that although several bioactive compounds have been identified in coffee, there are other poorly defined compounds that may be involved in health effects associated with coffee consumption, and which are difficult to measure and define. In this short review, we consider specifically the antioxidant properties of the beverage, for which a large number of assays have been published. However, such assays produce values that are dependent on the chemical basis of the methodology, and it is considered important to use a platform of analytical assays to obtain a true picture of the antioxidant components the beverage; one such platform based on our ...

Crystals

As a development on previous research on single crystals of Pr3+-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia... more As a development on previous research on single crystals of Pr3+-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), we report here the preparation and optical properties of Yb/Pr co-doped YSZ single crystals with different Yb2O3 concentrations. Results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy indicated that all of the crystal samples had a cubic phase structure, and transmission was ≥88% in the 550–780 nm range. Photoluminescence (PL) under excitation with a 980 nm laser showed upconversion emission, and several peaks were observed centered on 448 nm, 508 nm, 525 nm, 542 nm, 617 nm and 656 nm. The effects of excited state absorption (ESA), energy transfer upconversion (ETU), cross relaxation (CR), and cooperative energy transfer (CET) on the upconversion luminescence and energy transition mechanism in YSZ crystals were further studied. The fluorescence lifetime of the 3P0 → 3H5 transition at 542 nm reached 207 μs, which shows that the samples are of potential use for laser and fluor...

Environmental Science & Technology

Nitrogen (N) fixation in soils is closely linked to microbially mediated molybdenum (Mo) cycling.... more Nitrogen (N) fixation in soils is closely linked to microbially mediated molybdenum (Mo) cycling. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms and factors that affect Mo bioavailability is crucial for understanding N fixation. Here, we demonstrate that long-term (26 years) manure fertilization increased microbial diversity and content of short-range ordered iron (oxyhydr)oxides that raised Mo bioavailability (by 2.8 times) and storage (by ∼30%) and increased the abundance of nifH genes (by ∼14%) and nitrogenase activity (by ∼60%). Nanosized iron (oxyhydr)oxides (ferrihydrite, goethite, and hematite nanoparticles) play a dual role in soil Mo cycling: (i) in concert with microorganisms, they raise Mo bioavailability by catalyzing hydroxyl radical (HO•) production via the Fenton reactions and (ii) they increase Mo retention by association with the nanosized iron (oxyhydr)oxides. In summary, long-term manure fertilization raised the stock and bioavailability of Mo (and probably also of other micronutrients) by increasing iron (oxyhydr)oxide reactivity and intensified asymbiotic N fixation through an increased abundance of nifH genes and nitrogenase activity. This work provides a strategy for increasing biological N fixation in agricultural ecosystems.

Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution

The commercial resin Dowex Optipore L-493 was evaluated for the removal of the trihalomethanes (T... more The commercial resin Dowex Optipore L-493 was evaluated for the removal of the trihalomethanes (THMs) from water. Adsorption amounts were in the order CHBr3 ≈ CHBr2Cl > CHBrCl2 > CHCl3, insensitive to pH in the range 3.0–7.0, but decreased at pH higher values. They were little affected by the presence of co-existing anions and humic acid, and environmental impurities in a spiked natural water sample were only slightly lower than those obtained with pure water. In a comparison with several other commercial adsorbents, the overall performance of L-493 for adsorption of THMs was comparable with the best of those tested, and superior to IR 120, IRC 748, and powder activated carbon. THM adsorption on L-493 was endothermic, and fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models; maximum adsorption was 228.6, 247.3, 250.6, and 253.7 μg/g, for CHCl3, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl, and CHBr3, respectively. Charge distributions and dipole moments were calculated for the optimized structures using the hybrid density functional theory (DFT) method. Both hydrophobic effects and electrostatic interactions play important roles in the adsorption process. The L-493 resin was easily regenerated and could be recycled using 0.1 M NaOH, with only a small decrease in its initial adsorption capacities. Overall, this research shows that L-493 is potentially a valuable adsorbent for the removal of THMs during water treatment.

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

Biogeosciences Discussions

Natural minerals in soil can inhibit the growth of bacteria that protect organic carbon from deca... more Natural minerals in soil can inhibit the growth of bacteria that protect organic carbon from decay. However, the mechanism inhibiting the bacterial growth 20 remains poorly understood. Here, using a series of cultivation experiments and biological, chemical and synchrotron-based spectral analyses, we showed that kaolinite, hematite, goethite and ferrihydrite had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Pseudomonas J12, which was more prominent with a concentration of 25 mg mL-1 than it was with either 10 mg mL-1 or 5 mg mL-1. In contrast, 25 montmorillonite promoted the growth of Pseudomonas J12. Compared to Al-containing minerals, Fe(III)-containing minerals produced more hydroxyl radical (HO •) that have high efficiency for the inhibition of bacteria. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between HO • radical and Fe(II) was found, suggesting that Fe(II) contributes to the generation of HO •. Furthermore, both micro X-ray fluorescence 30 and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies indicated that surface Fe(III) was reduced to Fe(II) which can produce HO • through the well-known Fenton reaction series. Together, these findings indicate that the reduced surface Fe(II) derived from Fe(III)-containing minerals inhibit bacteria via a free-radical mechanism, which may further contribute to soil carbon storage.

Chemosphere, 2018

Resins derived from natural rosin have been described recently as environmentally-friendly adsorb... more Resins derived from natural rosin have been described recently as environmentally-friendly adsorbents with potential uses in the clean-up of wastewaters and the treatment of drinking waters. However, in order to improve the design of these products it is important to understand the chemical mechanisms through which they act. We now describe the combined use of EPR spectroscopy and Cu(II) to probe directly the metal coordination environment after uptake by various rosin-derived products. Clear distinctions are demonstrated between the copper bonding in different adsorbent preparations. Furthermore, in the case of nitrogen cross-linked products, the spectral parameters also provide information on the number of nitrogen atoms in the immediate atomic environment of the copper atom when covalent bonding is involved. This methodology works well for adsorption from solutions containing multiple components, because only those that are paramagnetic are detected, and different types of parama...

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1984

International journal of food …, 1995

The past few years have seen rapid advancement of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrome... more The past few years have seen rapid advancement of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry methods to detect irradiated foods. Interlaboratory trials have been performed to test EPR-based methods for certain foods (Rafi et al., 1992; Desrosiers et al., 1994). ...

The Journal of Applied Science, Jun 29, 2018

Kaolins are clay minerals that contain layers of SiO 4 tetrahedra bound to AlO 6 octahedra. They ... more Kaolins are clay minerals that contain layers of SiO 4 tetrahedra bound to AlO 6 octahedra. They play important roles in environmental processes, and can be used in the preparation of novel products for use in various scientific industries. However, there is considerable variability in the physical and chemical properties of different samples, possibly caused by small amounts of impurity mineral phases, or isomorphous substitution of Fe 3+ (and other cations) for Al in the structure. Fe 3+ is paramagnetic and can be studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. EPR spectra typically show a triplet and a singlet associated with structural Fe 3+ with their relative intensities being related to structural order in the sample. Two additional singlet signals overlaying the conventional Fe 3+ signal are now reported. One is formed by grinding, is stable to >300 °C, and is interpreted as arising from Fe 3+ in a breakdown product from the aluminosilicate structure. The other is observed after irradiation and has low thermal stability; it is thought to correspond to a triplet state that results from the formation of two Ocentres in neighbouring sites in the aluminosilicate structure. Although we do not know the significance of these new centres, it is clear that interpretation of kaolin EPR spectra is more complex than is generally assumed.

Clay Minerals

Aung et al. (2014, 2015) described the activation of kaolin samples to remove coloured pigments f... more Aung et al. (2014, 2015) described the activation of kaolin samples to remove coloured pigments from rice-bran oil, the effects of various treatments on their decolourization capacity, and the characterization of these kaolin samples by physical methods. This research used a kaolin sample from Ranong in southern Thailand, and investigated the effects of grinding and heat treatment prior to acid activation of the mineral. The various activated mineral phases were then characterized by a combination of X-ray diffraction, Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. This work represented an extension of research reported previously by Worasith et al. (2011a), in which various samples of the same Ranong kaolin were characterized after grinding and acid activation, and their capacities to decolourize rice-bran oil evaluated (Worasith et al., 2011b). However, despite the similarities in the experiments, there are some important differences in the results presented in th...

Polymers

Rosin derived from conifer trees is used as the basis for a novel environmentally-friendly adsorb... more Rosin derived from conifer trees is used as the basis for a novel environmentally-friendly adsorbent prepared from a sustainable resource. After treatment with ethylenediamine, ethylenediamine rosin-based resin (EDAR) is produced, which possesses cation exchange capacity that is comparable to that of the best commercial synthetic resins. This is demonstrated by its application to the removal of Pb, Cd, and Cu from water, in single and multicomponent systems. Maximum uptake was obtained at pH 5 and in the order Pb(II) > Cd(II) > Cu(II). The maximum adsorption of Pb was ~1.8 mmol/g, but the adsorption process resembled the Freundlich isotherm, whereas the adsorption of Cd(II) and Cu(II) followed the Langmuir isotherm. In the multicomponent systems, there was direct competition between Pb and Cd for sorption sites, whereas the results with Cu indicated it had a preference for different types of sites compared to Pb and Cd. The EDAR resin could be efficiently regenerated and used ...