Beverly Packard - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Beverly Packard
PubMed, Mar 1, 1975
A method to isolate 93 per cent viable (trypan blue), 95 plus or minus 2 per cent pure type II al... more A method to isolate 93 per cent viable (trypan blue), 95 plus or minus 2 per cent pure type II alveolar epithelial cells (Kikkawa, Y., and Yoneda, K. Lab. Invest. 30: 76, 1974) was slightly modified and was used to isolate type II cells of similar purity and viability from New Zealand White male rabbits. The modification as described in this report now permits the regular harvest of 20 to 30 times 10-6 cells from a rabbit weighing 2 to 4 kg. Lipid composition of type II cell pools thus collected was compared with that of macrophages collected by alveolar washing. Per milligram of protein, type II cells contained 19 mug. of lipid phosphorus, compared with 11 mug. for macrophages. Per 1 times 10-8 cells, type II cells contained 110 mug. of lipid phosphorus compared with 155 mug. for macrophages; Phosphatidylcholine comprised 48 per cent of total phospholipid in type II cells and 34 per cent in macrophages. Forty-nine per cent of the phosphatidylcholine in type II cells was disaturated, compared with 29 per cent in macrophages. These data indicate that, per cell, type II cells contain almost twice as much disaturated phosphatidycholine as do alveolar macrophages. Radiolabeled precursor studies suggest that isolated type II cells synthesize disaturated lecithin predominantly through the cytidine diphosphocholine pathway. -14C-choline incorporation into disaturated lecithin was 3 times as active in type II cells as in macrophages. No evidence was found for a significant contribution to synthesis of disaturated lecithin by the transmethylation pathway in isolated type II cell preparations. These results offer the most direct evidence to date of the significant role of the type II alveolar epithelial cell in the synthesis of disaturated lecithin, a major constituent of pulmonary surfactant.
Federation Proceedings, Jul 15, 1983
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Mar 22, 2011
The effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters on the lateral diffusion in plasma membrane lipid en... more The effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters on the lateral diffusion in plasma membrane lipid environments were examined by the technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. To this end, the probe coliarein, a fluorescent lipid analog that has the property of exclusive localization in the plasma membrane, was synthesized. Measured decreases in three parameters [percentage of fluorescence bleached (30%), percentage of recovery (52%), and half-time for recovery (52%)] connoted the appearance of an immobile fraction upon exposure to tumor promoters. These data are consistent with lipid reorganization in response to a reorganization of the intra-and perimembranous macromolecular scaffolding upon the interaction of cells with tumor promoters. The idea of induced reorganization is supported by experiments in which cell shape change, brought about by either exposure to cytochalasin B or growth on matrices of collagen, fibronectin, or laminin, resulted in values in the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique similar to those with active phorbol esters. Membranes are dynamic structures in which proteins, glycoproteins, and lipids move inter alia. Rates and types of molecular movements are dependent on a combination of molecular class and organization (both local and global) of the particular membrane under study (1, 2).
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec 1, 1987
Identification of a synthetic nonapeptide sequence that inhibits motility in culture of a melanom... more Identification of a synthetic nonapeptide sequence that inhibits motility in culture of a melanoma subclone that possesses a high metastatic potential (metastasis/thrombin/growth and differentiation factors)
Journal of Biological Chemistry, Mar 1, 1993
The conditioned medium from the epidermal carcinoma cell line A431 is shown to inhibit the growth... more The conditioned medium from the epidermal carcinoma cell line A431 is shown to inhibit the growth of three human myeloid leukemic cell lines. We have purified to homogeneity from this conditioned medium a 36-kDa protein, as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which inhibits [3H]thymidine incorporation into the DNA and induces cell surface expression of CD11b, the alpha chain of the adhesion receptor MAC-1, on the human promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL-60. This factor was purified by sequential anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and gel permeation chromatography. Amino acid sequence analysis of two tryptic fragments of the purified material showed greater than 95% homology with sequences 179-194 and 319-328 of the M chain of human L-lactate dehydrogenase. Although the tetrameric L-lactate dehydrogenase alone exhibits no activities associated with the purified 36-kDa protein, brief acid treatment which has been shown to yield predominantly monomeric lactate dehydrogenase-M1 results in about 50% of the maximal antiproliferative activity of that induced by this factor. The role of soluble factors of tumor origin in modulating myeloid function as part of an immunosurveillance network is discussed.
Chemischer Informationsdienst, Jul 25, 1972
ChemInform Abstract Bei der Behandlung von Bullvalen (I) mit CHBr3 und K-tert.-butylat bei 0 rc C... more ChemInform Abstract Bei der Behandlung von Bullvalen (I) mit CHBr3 und K-tert.-butylat bei 0 rc C unter Argon entsteht das Dibromid (II), das mit Ag-trifluoracetat zur Titelverbindung (IV) reagiert. Ein Mechanismusüber das Homobullvalenyl-Kation (III), das zu einem höheren homologen Enon von (I) hydrolysiert, wird vorgeschlagen.
Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Apr 1, 1986
Blood, Sep 1, 1982
The tendency of monocytes to develop into morphologically heterogeneous and often multinucleated ... more The tendency of monocytes to develop into morphologically heterogeneous and often multinucleated populations
Analytical Biochemistry, Mar 1, 1993
Methods in molecular biology, Nov 15, 2010
Flow cytometry is the most widely used technology for analyzing apoptosis. The multiparametric na... more Flow cytometry is the most widely used technology for analyzing apoptosis. The multiparametric nature of flow cytometry allows several apoptotic characteristics to be combined in a single sample, making it a powerful tool for analyzing the complex progression of apoptotic death. This chapter provides guidelines for combining caspase detection, annexin V binding, DNA dye exclusion, and other single apoptotic assays into multiparametric assays.This approach to analyzing apoptosis provides far more information than single parameter assays that provide only an ambiguous "percent apoptotic" result, given that multiple early, intermediate and late apoptotic stages can be visualized simultaneously. This multiparametric approach is also amenable to a variety of flow cytometric instrumentation, both old and new.
Springer eBooks, 1990
The expansion in culture of lymphocytes directly from a tumor offers the possibility of generatin... more The expansion in culture of lymphocytes directly from a tumor offers the possibility of generating a specific immune response to a malignancy. The idea that lymphocytes may be selected in vivo to recognize a tumor and then be expanded in the presence of the lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) has led to the subject of this paper, namely, the large-scale production of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) for the treatment of human cancers.
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research, Jun 1, 1994
Biochi f ic~a et Biophysica A~ta Upregulation of the surface expression of two integrins and indu... more Biochi f ic~a et Biophysica A~ta Upregulation of the surface expression of two integrins and induction of chemotactic activity in a human leukemic cell line by Oncoimmunin-M
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research, Dec 1, 1994
This study was aimed at combining the limited expression pattern of the type 1 mucin glycoprotein... more This study was aimed at combining the limited expression pattern of the type 1 mucin glycoproteins on tumors derived from glandular epithelia with the presence of integrin adhesion receptors on hematopoietic cells in order to develop an immunotherapy against certain types of carcinomas. To this end, monoclonal antibodies that recognize molecules on the surfaces of either tumor cells or immunocytes were immobilized on latex beads; proliferation of bone marrow cells, representing a source of preterminally differentiated immunocytes with potential antitumor activity, was measured and compared with that of mature lymphocytes in the presence of beads and irradiated tumor cells. It was found that only beads carrying antibodies against both mucins and leukocyte integrins were capable of inducing proliferation of bone marrow cells while none specifically stimulated mature lymphocytes. A proposal is put forth for the development of tumor-induced proliferation of bone marrow cells as a potential effective immunotherapy for some forms of cancer.
TWO-WEEK LOAN COPY .This is a Library Circulating Copy 'which may be borrowed for two weeks.
The effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters on the lateral diffusion in plasma membrane lipid en... more The effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters on the lateral diffusion in plasma membrane lipid environments were examined by the technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. To this end, the probe coliarein, a fluorescent lipid analog that has the property of exclusive localization in the plasma membrane, was synthesized. Measured decreases in three parameters [percentage of fluorescence bleached (30%), percentage of recovery (52%), and half-time for recovery (52%)] connoted the appearance of an immobile fraction upon exposure to tumor promoters. These data are consistent with lipid reorganization in response to a reorganization of the intraand perimembranous macromolecular scaffolding upon the interaction of cells with tumor promoters. The idea of induced reorganization is supported by experiments in which cell shape change, brought about by either exposure to cytochalasin B or growth on matrices of collagen, fibronectin, or laminin, resulted in values in the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique similar to those with active phorbol esters. Membranes are dynamic structures in which proteins, glyco
Journal of Immunology, May 1, 2013
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 1989
Lymphoid cells infiltrating into human tumors can be expanded in vitro in medium containing inter... more Lymphoid cells infiltrating into human tumors can be expanded in vitro in medium containing interleukin-2 (IL-2). Adoptive transfer of these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) mediates potent antitumor effects in murine tumor models. Clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of these cells in patients with advanced cancer are underway. We have investigated whether infused TIL labeled with indium 111 (111In) oxine can traffic and localize to metastatic deposits of tumor. Six patients with metastatic malignant melanoma who had multiple sites of subcutaneous, nodal, and/or visceral disease were the subjects of the study. The patients received cyclophosphamide 36 hours before receiving the intravenous (IV) infusion of TIL followed by IL-2 IV every eight hours. The distribution and localization of the TIL were evaluated using serial whole body gamma camera imaging, serial blood and urine samplings, and serial biopsies of tumor and normal tissue. 111In-labeled TIL localized to lung, live...
Chemischer Informationsdienst. Organische Chemie, 1971
Die Aktivierungsparameter der pyramidalen Inversion am Stickstoff bzw. des Ringumklappens in den ... more Die Aktivierungsparameter der pyramidalen Inversion am Stickstoff bzw. des Ringumklappens in den Verbindungen des Typs (I)‐(III) werden mittels NMR bestimmt.
Chemischer Informationsdienst. Organische Chemie, 1971
ChemInform Abstract Die Temperaturabhängigkeit des NMR-Spektrums von Geneserin wird mit einer N-I... more ChemInform Abstract Die Temperaturabhängigkeit des NMR-Spektrums von Geneserin wird mit einer N-Inversion im 1,2-Oxazinring erklärt, die mit einer cis-Verknüpfung des Systems besser vereinbar ist als mit einer trans-Verknüpfung.
PubMed, Mar 1, 1975
A method to isolate 93 per cent viable (trypan blue), 95 plus or minus 2 per cent pure type II al... more A method to isolate 93 per cent viable (trypan blue), 95 plus or minus 2 per cent pure type II alveolar epithelial cells (Kikkawa, Y., and Yoneda, K. Lab. Invest. 30: 76, 1974) was slightly modified and was used to isolate type II cells of similar purity and viability from New Zealand White male rabbits. The modification as described in this report now permits the regular harvest of 20 to 30 times 10-6 cells from a rabbit weighing 2 to 4 kg. Lipid composition of type II cell pools thus collected was compared with that of macrophages collected by alveolar washing. Per milligram of protein, type II cells contained 19 mug. of lipid phosphorus, compared with 11 mug. for macrophages. Per 1 times 10-8 cells, type II cells contained 110 mug. of lipid phosphorus compared with 155 mug. for macrophages; Phosphatidylcholine comprised 48 per cent of total phospholipid in type II cells and 34 per cent in macrophages. Forty-nine per cent of the phosphatidylcholine in type II cells was disaturated, compared with 29 per cent in macrophages. These data indicate that, per cell, type II cells contain almost twice as much disaturated phosphatidycholine as do alveolar macrophages. Radiolabeled precursor studies suggest that isolated type II cells synthesize disaturated lecithin predominantly through the cytidine diphosphocholine pathway. -14C-choline incorporation into disaturated lecithin was 3 times as active in type II cells as in macrophages. No evidence was found for a significant contribution to synthesis of disaturated lecithin by the transmethylation pathway in isolated type II cell preparations. These results offer the most direct evidence to date of the significant role of the type II alveolar epithelial cell in the synthesis of disaturated lecithin, a major constituent of pulmonary surfactant.
Federation Proceedings, Jul 15, 1983
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Mar 22, 2011
The effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters on the lateral diffusion in plasma membrane lipid en... more The effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters on the lateral diffusion in plasma membrane lipid environments were examined by the technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. To this end, the probe coliarein, a fluorescent lipid analog that has the property of exclusive localization in the plasma membrane, was synthesized. Measured decreases in three parameters [percentage of fluorescence bleached (30%), percentage of recovery (52%), and half-time for recovery (52%)] connoted the appearance of an immobile fraction upon exposure to tumor promoters. These data are consistent with lipid reorganization in response to a reorganization of the intra-and perimembranous macromolecular scaffolding upon the interaction of cells with tumor promoters. The idea of induced reorganization is supported by experiments in which cell shape change, brought about by either exposure to cytochalasin B or growth on matrices of collagen, fibronectin, or laminin, resulted in values in the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique similar to those with active phorbol esters. Membranes are dynamic structures in which proteins, glycoproteins, and lipids move inter alia. Rates and types of molecular movements are dependent on a combination of molecular class and organization (both local and global) of the particular membrane under study (1, 2).
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Dec 1, 1987
Identification of a synthetic nonapeptide sequence that inhibits motility in culture of a melanom... more Identification of a synthetic nonapeptide sequence that inhibits motility in culture of a melanoma subclone that possesses a high metastatic potential (metastasis/thrombin/growth and differentiation factors)
Journal of Biological Chemistry, Mar 1, 1993
The conditioned medium from the epidermal carcinoma cell line A431 is shown to inhibit the growth... more The conditioned medium from the epidermal carcinoma cell line A431 is shown to inhibit the growth of three human myeloid leukemic cell lines. We have purified to homogeneity from this conditioned medium a 36-kDa protein, as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which inhibits [3H]thymidine incorporation into the DNA and induces cell surface expression of CD11b, the alpha chain of the adhesion receptor MAC-1, on the human promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL-60. This factor was purified by sequential anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and gel permeation chromatography. Amino acid sequence analysis of two tryptic fragments of the purified material showed greater than 95% homology with sequences 179-194 and 319-328 of the M chain of human L-lactate dehydrogenase. Although the tetrameric L-lactate dehydrogenase alone exhibits no activities associated with the purified 36-kDa protein, brief acid treatment which has been shown to yield predominantly monomeric lactate dehydrogenase-M1 results in about 50% of the maximal antiproliferative activity of that induced by this factor. The role of soluble factors of tumor origin in modulating myeloid function as part of an immunosurveillance network is discussed.
Chemischer Informationsdienst, Jul 25, 1972
ChemInform Abstract Bei der Behandlung von Bullvalen (I) mit CHBr3 und K-tert.-butylat bei 0 rc C... more ChemInform Abstract Bei der Behandlung von Bullvalen (I) mit CHBr3 und K-tert.-butylat bei 0 rc C unter Argon entsteht das Dibromid (II), das mit Ag-trifluoracetat zur Titelverbindung (IV) reagiert. Ein Mechanismusüber das Homobullvalenyl-Kation (III), das zu einem höheren homologen Enon von (I) hydrolysiert, wird vorgeschlagen.
Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Apr 1, 1986
Blood, Sep 1, 1982
The tendency of monocytes to develop into morphologically heterogeneous and often multinucleated ... more The tendency of monocytes to develop into morphologically heterogeneous and often multinucleated populations
Analytical Biochemistry, Mar 1, 1993
Methods in molecular biology, Nov 15, 2010
Flow cytometry is the most widely used technology for analyzing apoptosis. The multiparametric na... more Flow cytometry is the most widely used technology for analyzing apoptosis. The multiparametric nature of flow cytometry allows several apoptotic characteristics to be combined in a single sample, making it a powerful tool for analyzing the complex progression of apoptotic death. This chapter provides guidelines for combining caspase detection, annexin V binding, DNA dye exclusion, and other single apoptotic assays into multiparametric assays.This approach to analyzing apoptosis provides far more information than single parameter assays that provide only an ambiguous "percent apoptotic" result, given that multiple early, intermediate and late apoptotic stages can be visualized simultaneously. This multiparametric approach is also amenable to a variety of flow cytometric instrumentation, both old and new.
Springer eBooks, 1990
The expansion in culture of lymphocytes directly from a tumor offers the possibility of generatin... more The expansion in culture of lymphocytes directly from a tumor offers the possibility of generating a specific immune response to a malignancy. The idea that lymphocytes may be selected in vivo to recognize a tumor and then be expanded in the presence of the lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) has led to the subject of this paper, namely, the large-scale production of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) for the treatment of human cancers.
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research, Jun 1, 1994
Biochi f ic~a et Biophysica A~ta Upregulation of the surface expression of two integrins and indu... more Biochi f ic~a et Biophysica A~ta Upregulation of the surface expression of two integrins and induction of chemotactic activity in a human leukemic cell line by Oncoimmunin-M
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research, Dec 1, 1994
This study was aimed at combining the limited expression pattern of the type 1 mucin glycoprotein... more This study was aimed at combining the limited expression pattern of the type 1 mucin glycoproteins on tumors derived from glandular epithelia with the presence of integrin adhesion receptors on hematopoietic cells in order to develop an immunotherapy against certain types of carcinomas. To this end, monoclonal antibodies that recognize molecules on the surfaces of either tumor cells or immunocytes were immobilized on latex beads; proliferation of bone marrow cells, representing a source of preterminally differentiated immunocytes with potential antitumor activity, was measured and compared with that of mature lymphocytes in the presence of beads and irradiated tumor cells. It was found that only beads carrying antibodies against both mucins and leukocyte integrins were capable of inducing proliferation of bone marrow cells while none specifically stimulated mature lymphocytes. A proposal is put forth for the development of tumor-induced proliferation of bone marrow cells as a potential effective immunotherapy for some forms of cancer.
TWO-WEEK LOAN COPY .This is a Library Circulating Copy 'which may be borrowed for two weeks.
The effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters on the lateral diffusion in plasma membrane lipid en... more The effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters on the lateral diffusion in plasma membrane lipid environments were examined by the technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. To this end, the probe coliarein, a fluorescent lipid analog that has the property of exclusive localization in the plasma membrane, was synthesized. Measured decreases in three parameters [percentage of fluorescence bleached (30%), percentage of recovery (52%), and half-time for recovery (52%)] connoted the appearance of an immobile fraction upon exposure to tumor promoters. These data are consistent with lipid reorganization in response to a reorganization of the intraand perimembranous macromolecular scaffolding upon the interaction of cells with tumor promoters. The idea of induced reorganization is supported by experiments in which cell shape change, brought about by either exposure to cytochalasin B or growth on matrices of collagen, fibronectin, or laminin, resulted in values in the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique similar to those with active phorbol esters. Membranes are dynamic structures in which proteins, glyco
Journal of Immunology, May 1, 2013
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 1989
Lymphoid cells infiltrating into human tumors can be expanded in vitro in medium containing inter... more Lymphoid cells infiltrating into human tumors can be expanded in vitro in medium containing interleukin-2 (IL-2). Adoptive transfer of these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) mediates potent antitumor effects in murine tumor models. Clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of these cells in patients with advanced cancer are underway. We have investigated whether infused TIL labeled with indium 111 (111In) oxine can traffic and localize to metastatic deposits of tumor. Six patients with metastatic malignant melanoma who had multiple sites of subcutaneous, nodal, and/or visceral disease were the subjects of the study. The patients received cyclophosphamide 36 hours before receiving the intravenous (IV) infusion of TIL followed by IL-2 IV every eight hours. The distribution and localization of the TIL were evaluated using serial whole body gamma camera imaging, serial blood and urine samplings, and serial biopsies of tumor and normal tissue. 111In-labeled TIL localized to lung, live...
Chemischer Informationsdienst. Organische Chemie, 1971
Die Aktivierungsparameter der pyramidalen Inversion am Stickstoff bzw. des Ringumklappens in den ... more Die Aktivierungsparameter der pyramidalen Inversion am Stickstoff bzw. des Ringumklappens in den Verbindungen des Typs (I)‐(III) werden mittels NMR bestimmt.
Chemischer Informationsdienst. Organische Chemie, 1971
ChemInform Abstract Die Temperaturabhängigkeit des NMR-Spektrums von Geneserin wird mit einer N-I... more ChemInform Abstract Die Temperaturabhängigkeit des NMR-Spektrums von Geneserin wird mit einer N-Inversion im 1,2-Oxazinring erklärt, die mit einer cis-Verknüpfung des Systems besser vereinbar ist als mit einer trans-Verknüpfung.