Bhaswati Goswami - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Bhaswati Goswami

arXiv (Cornell University), Oct 18, 2011

The Kalman filter (KF) and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) are well established techniques for s... more The Kalman filter (KF) and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) are well established techniques for state estimation. However, the choice of the filter tuning parameters still poses a major challenge for the engineers [1]. In the present work, two new metrics have been proposed for determining the filter tuning parameters on the basis of the innovation covariance. This provides a metric based offline method usable for predicting the actual filter RMSE performances for a particular application and thus, for the selection of suitable combination(s) of the filter tuning parameters in order to ensure the design of a KF or an EKF having a balanced RMSE performance.

2018 IEEE Applied Signal Processing Conference (ASPCON), 2018

Determining the model of a piezo element is essential in order to identify its characteristics th... more Determining the model of a piezo element is essential in order to identify its characteristics that are suited to a particular piezo based application. Usually piezo elements are modelled using basic constitutive laws of piezo, but these models depend on specific vibrational mode(s) of the piezo element. Various types of electrical models are also available for the piezo, but most of these models simulate the frequency response of the piezo element near the resonance-antiresonance regions in terms of their voltage magnitudes. It is necessary to analyze the contributions of the individual blocks before proposing a model so that any required change can be predicted and accordingly the design can be modified. This paper proposes a systematic development of an electrical series model of a piezo buzzer by analyzing the various possible components of its experimental complex impedance response. This developed model suitably represents the overall complex behaviour of a typical piezo buzzer in the required frequency range, including its dominant vibration mode.

In this work, a low cost automatic sensing system is proposed to detect 'synthetic milk',... more In this work, a low cost automatic sensing system is proposed to detect 'synthetic milk', which has been reconstructed after adulterating the milk with 'liquid-whey'. The constant-phase angle (CPA) based sensor detects the synthetic milk and a micro-controller based circuit drives a stepper motor to close the valve installed at the outlet of the milk supply line to prevent mixing. The sensor is stick type, rigid and hence it is easy to mount. The electrodes of the sensor are coated with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film, which makes it bio-compatible and suitable for the application.

International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, 2013

It is well known that every human being is a complex system made up of cells, tissues, organs and... more It is well known that every human being is a complex system made up of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems that function together to maintain its health. The coordinated physiological processes maintain most of the steady states in an organism, not at a fixed value, but within a narrow, relatively constant range, known as homeostasis [1]. Recently, a non-invasive measurement of human biopotentials has been proposed in order to provide information about the condition of the human system as a whole [2]. In this work, the development of two identical signal conditioning circuits that facilitate the acquisition of the human biopotentials simultaneously from both the hands has been presented. The objective of developing these circuits is to enhance the signal levels of both the measured biopotentials uniformly and faithfully, without distortion. This is expected to enable a more reliable and detailed analysis of the acquired signals in future.

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2022

In the present pandemic scenario, it is of great importance to have reliable schemes for monitori... more In the present pandemic scenario, it is of great importance to have reliable schemes for monitoring the human condition. The aim of this study is to validate the differential dermal potential in terms of the standard endosomatic electrodermal activity (EDA) and determine its usability in real-time applications. The differential dermal potential signal is passively acquired across the intermediate phalanges of the middle and index fingers of the hand or feet of human subjects. A physiological basis for these signals is proposed at the outset of this study. In this study, the signal is acquired from the left hand and is compared with two corresponding standard endosomatic EDA signals that are acquired simultaneously from the same two fingers. The experimental data is acquired while the subjects undergo a change of posture and then settle into a restful static condition. Thereafter, these signals are analyzed to determine their settling time as well as their autocorrelation, statistical, and spectral characteristics. It is found that the differential dermal potential signal is a stable passive signal with low settling time. It is strongly correlated with the difference of the two underlying standard endosomatic EDA signals, though not identical to it. The information in this signal, as obtained from the various characteristics, are interpretable and reliable. The findings in this study validate that this signal can be effectively used for monitoring the human condition.

2018 IEEE Applied Signal Processing Conference (ASPCON), 2018

In this paper the design, fabrication and calibration of a battery powered multi-channel low volt... more In this paper the design, fabrication and calibration of a battery powered multi-channel low voltage data acquisition system has been described. The aim of the development of the system is to acquire bio-potentials from multiple locations of the human skin simultaneously. Measurement of such bio-potentials is a particular application of the endosomatic measurement of electrodermal activity (EDA). Each of these multiple signals, which are usually low voltages of the order of microvolts and millivolts, are acquired in a differential mode. These differential voltages are stored simultaneously and then processed using a dedicated micro-controller. The micro-controller based design adopted for this system makes it more reliable, with higher resolution and controlled sampling rate. Calibration of this system has been performed and statistical parameters have been determined to quantify the accuracy, precision, linearity and sensitivity of this system for the stated application. It has been observed that the performance of the developed data acquisition system is high and it is suitable for measuring bio-potentials from four (4) locations simultaneously and reliably.

2018 IEEE Applied Signal Processing Conference (ASPCON), 2018

Measurement of stability of dental implant can be quantitatively and non-invasively done by Reson... more Measurement of stability of dental implant can be quantitatively and non-invasively done by Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) method. This study uses the RFA method with a shift in measurement paradigm from identification of system resonances to system anti-resonances from impedance phase responses. RFA method requires a sensor, which typically comprises of a piezo element and a metal substrate attached to it, as also taken in the present study. The metal substrate has one arm, which is circular shaped with same diameter as the piezo and is attached to it. It has another perpendicularly extended rectangular arm, referred to as the L arm. The free end of the L arm has a groove to hold the implant. This sensor is excited with an external sinusoidal voltage of 1 Volt p-p and 1 to 20 kHz variable frequency, over a suitable period of time for measuring the dynamically changing dental implant stability. It has been seen that, the recorded impedance responses have changing modes of vibration. These changes depend on various parameters among which the length of the L arm plays a significant role. This study focuses on the analysis of the change in the major mode of vibration in static responses due to the change in the length of the L arm, while the other constructional features remain unaltered. An effective length of the L arm, which provides maximum antiresonance phase, has been recommended for subsequent use in practical applications in this study.

International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing, 1995

In the present investigation an attempt has been made to study the phase response properties of m... more In the present investigation an attempt has been made to study the phase response properties of monopolar chest lead ECG voltages. Using a generator model of the heart an equivalent circuit of ECG network has been developed. The equivalent impedance between WCT and probe electrode has been determined by reduction techniques. From this equivalent impedance the phaser characteristics of monopolar ECG voltages have been analysed for change in probe electrode locations. The source of the generated voltage, i.e., the heart, will develop a different voltage for its different condition. There will also be a change in impedances. Thus for the normal subject the distribution of the phaser of the ECG voltages will be different from that of the abnormal one. A software tool has been developed to evaluate the relative phase response of ECG voltages. The data acquisition of monopolar ECG records of chest leads V1 to V6 from chart recorder has been done with the help of AutoCAD application package. The harmonic constituents of ECG voltages have been evaluated at each harmonic plane and the phase characteristics have been studied in polar coordinate for normal subjects as well as for a typical case. An interesting result has been observed in typical cases which are indicated in the paper.

2016 IEEE First International Conference on Control, Measurement and Instrumentation (CMI), 2016

The Kalman filter has a wide range of applications, noise removal from corrupted speech being one... more The Kalman filter has a wide range of applications, noise removal from corrupted speech being one of them. The filter performance is subject to the accurate tuning of its parameters, namely the process noise covariance, Q, and the measurement noise covariance, R. In this paper, the Kalman filter has been tuned to get a suitable value of Q by defining the robustness and sensitivity metrics, and then applied on noisy speech signals. The Kalman gain is another factor that greatly affects filter performance. The speech signal has been frame-wise decomposed into silent and voiced zones, and the Kalman gain has been adjusted according to this distinction to get best overall filter performance. Finally, the algorithm has been applied to clean a noise corrupted known signal from the NOIZEUS database. It is observed that significant noise removal has been achieved, both audibly and from the spectrograms of noisy and processed signals.

2016 IEEE First International Conference on Control, Measurement and Instrumentation (CMI), 2016

In this paper, a guaranteed performance PID controller is proposed for the pitch control problem ... more In this paper, a guaranteed performance PID controller is proposed for the pitch control problem of an UAV. Using the loci for the stated performance criteria, the PID controller zeros are suitably selected as a pair of conjugate poles for the desired system in the specified zone of the s-plane. These poles are rendered non-dominant in order to avert the adverse effects of pole-zero cancellation. This method is proposed as an alternative to the guaranteed dominant pole placement method proposed by Wang et al., in which dominant poles are selected using the critical damping ratio and natural frequency. Simulation results and comparative assessment of the system performances using the designed controller, the guaranteed dominant pole placement controller and LQR validate the efficacy of the proposed controller.

2012 Sixth International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), 2012

ABSTRACT It is well known that the human being is a complex system made up of cells, tissues, org... more ABSTRACT It is well known that the human being is a complex system made up of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems that function together to maintain the health. The coordinated physiological processes maintain most of the steady states in an organism, not at a fixed value, but within a narrow, relatively constant range, known as homeostasis. Recently, a non-invasive measurement of human biopotentials has been proposed in order to provide information about the condition of the human system as a whole. In the present work, a signal conditioning circuit has been developed to enhance the signal level of the measured biopotentials so as to achieve better resolution. This is expected to enable a more reliable and detailed analysis of the acquired signals.

International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing, 1993

The present paper discusses a Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CAD) based data acquisition and... more The present paper discusses a Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CAD) based data acquisition and polar phase response study of the ECG. The scalar ECG does not show vector properties although such properties are embedded in it. In the present paper the polar phase response property of monopolar chest lead (V1 to V6) ECG voltages has been studied. A software tool has been used to evaluate the relative phase response of ECG voltages. The data acquisition of monopolar ECG records of chest leads V1 to V6 from the chart recorder has been done with the help of the AutoCAD application package. The spin harmonic constituents of ECG voltages are evaluated at each harmonic plane and the polar phase responses are studied at each plane. Some interesting results have been observed in some typical cases which are discussed in the paper.

ABSTRACT In this study, characterization of the fractional order element (FOE) proposed in [1] is... more ABSTRACT In this study, characterization of the fractional order element (FOE) proposed in [1] is reported. The FOE was realized by dipping a capacitive type probe in polarizable medium [2]. The aim of the present work is to find out the design criteria to develop predefined and specific FOE parameters. The physical variables has been identified which are responsible to change the parameters of FOE. Experiments have been performed by varying these physical variables and the parameters of FOE are calculated from the experimental observations. The result gives the direction to design FOE with pre-defined specifications. It is expected that the study will help the researchers to choose proper FOE to design Fractional Order Systems (FOS). 1 INTRODUCTION Differentiation and integration are usually regarded as integer operations. This means that we differentiate or integrate a function once, twice, or any whole number of times. In a letter to L'Hospital in 1695, Leibnitz raised the possibility of generalizing the operation of differentiation to non-integer orders. So, the concept of Fractional Order Calculus (FOC) is as old as conventional calculus, but the subject did not get the momentum due to its limited use in engineering applications. This necessitates the development of practically realizable fractional order element. The impedance of any circuit element in Laplace domain can be generalized as [3, 4] α

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015

In this paper, the extended H ∞ filter (EHF) has been logically reformulated as a modification of... more In this paper, the extended H ∞ filter (EHF) has been logically reformulated as a modification of the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Thereafter, a robustness metric and a sensitivity metric have been defined, analogous to that in Saha et al. (IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 63(4):964–971, 2014 [1]), for the EHF which is used to determine a suitable combination of the filter tuning parameters. The major objective of this paper is to predict the usable range of the robustness bound γ for obtaining reliable filter performances. For this purpose, the same problem as in Saha et al. (IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 63(4):964–971, 2014 [1]) of tracking a 2D ballistic target has been studied and the desired states of the EHF have been chosen to be the same as the measurements. The plots of the metrics have been obtained for various choices of γ. The corresponding RMSE performances have then been plotted for each of these choices of γ, while the filter process noise covariance has been varied over the range obtained from the metric plot. It is observed that the metrics are useful in determining the usable range of γ for which the designer is able to obtain the desired trade-off between robustness and sensitivity.

2011 Second International Conference on Emerging Applications of Information Technology, 2011

Abstract—A new method is being proposed in this paper to ascertain the stability of the dental im... more Abstract—A new method is being proposed in this paper to ascertain the stability of the dental implant after its placement in situ. One of the established methods of doing this is by monitoring the change of resonance frequency of the system with time which is typically referred to ...

2009 IEEE Sensors, 2009

In this paper, the performance of a constant phase element (CPE) sensor has been studied for dete... more In this paper, the performance of a constant phase element (CPE) sensor has been studied for detecting adulteration of cow-milk with whey. Addition of whey in milk increases its volume and makes it acidic but the percentage of lactose content does not change significantly. Hence, addition of neutralizers like NaOH will balances the pH value of the adulterated milk and

ISA Transactions, 2015

In this paper, the design of a complete instrumentation system to detect different types of milk ... more In this paper, the design of a complete instrumentation system to detect different types of milk adulteration has been reported. A simple to use indicator type readout device is reported which can be used by milk community people. A low cost microcontroller based automatic sensing system is also reported to detect 'synthetic milk', which has been reconstructed after adulterating the milk with 'liquid-whey'.

2009 Annual IEEE India Conference, 2009

Phase curve of an open loop system is flat in nature if the derivative of phase with respect to f... more Phase curve of an open loop system is flat in nature if the derivative of phase with respect to frequency is zero. With a flat phase curve, the corresponding closed-loop system exhibits an iso-damped property i.e. maintains constant overshoot with the change of gain and with other parametric variations. In recent past application, fractional order (FO) phase shapers have been proposed by contemporary researchers to achieve enhanced parametric robustness. In this paper, a simple Routh tabulation based methodology is proposed to design an appropriate FO phase shaper to achieve phase flattening in a control loop, comprising a system, controlled by a classical PID controller. The method is demonstrated using MATLAB simulation of a second order DC motor plant and also a first order with time delay system.

2012 International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV), 2012

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study is to model a sensor used for determination of dental... more ABSTRACT The objective of the present study is to model a sensor used for determination of dental implant stability using resonance frequency analysis. The aim of modelling is to identify the parameters that affect its response so that the model could be used to suggest better design of the sensor. The sensor system consists of a piezo element attached to a metallic strip with some adhesive. The response of the sensor is highly dependent on the shape and size of the piezo element as well as on the shape and size of the metallic strip attached to it. Three different shapes of the metallic strip, namely circular type, cross type and L type, are glued onto a thin radial piezo element. To validate the model, experimental studies have been done using all three different designs of the sensor. The average responses of the sensors obtained experimentally, the simulated responses obtained using the model and the corresponding error curves have been compared and certain parameters have been identified which affect the sensor performance.

2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2006

The aim of this work is to track a ballistic object with The significance of this work is due to ... more The aim of this work is to track a ballistic object with The significance of this work is due to the fact that it deals unknown ballistic coefficient P. A one dimensional free falling with the problem of tracking ballistic object with unknown ballistic object which is characterized, besides kinematics, by ballistic coefficient estimation with EH F, which due to its unknown ballistic coefficient, has been considered. An extended. '. H~fiter(HOCF) whih is ell-kown or it robutnes robustness property does not require actual information of Q2

arXiv (Cornell University), Oct 18, 2011

The Kalman filter (KF) and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) are well established techniques for s... more The Kalman filter (KF) and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) are well established techniques for state estimation. However, the choice of the filter tuning parameters still poses a major challenge for the engineers [1]. In the present work, two new metrics have been proposed for determining the filter tuning parameters on the basis of the innovation covariance. This provides a metric based offline method usable for predicting the actual filter RMSE performances for a particular application and thus, for the selection of suitable combination(s) of the filter tuning parameters in order to ensure the design of a KF or an EKF having a balanced RMSE performance.

2018 IEEE Applied Signal Processing Conference (ASPCON), 2018

Determining the model of a piezo element is essential in order to identify its characteristics th... more Determining the model of a piezo element is essential in order to identify its characteristics that are suited to a particular piezo based application. Usually piezo elements are modelled using basic constitutive laws of piezo, but these models depend on specific vibrational mode(s) of the piezo element. Various types of electrical models are also available for the piezo, but most of these models simulate the frequency response of the piezo element near the resonance-antiresonance regions in terms of their voltage magnitudes. It is necessary to analyze the contributions of the individual blocks before proposing a model so that any required change can be predicted and accordingly the design can be modified. This paper proposes a systematic development of an electrical series model of a piezo buzzer by analyzing the various possible components of its experimental complex impedance response. This developed model suitably represents the overall complex behaviour of a typical piezo buzzer in the required frequency range, including its dominant vibration mode.

In this work, a low cost automatic sensing system is proposed to detect 'synthetic milk',... more In this work, a low cost automatic sensing system is proposed to detect 'synthetic milk', which has been reconstructed after adulterating the milk with 'liquid-whey'. The constant-phase angle (CPA) based sensor detects the synthetic milk and a micro-controller based circuit drives a stepper motor to close the valve installed at the outlet of the milk supply line to prevent mixing. The sensor is stick type, rigid and hence it is easy to mount. The electrodes of the sensor are coated with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film, which makes it bio-compatible and suitable for the application.

International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, 2013

It is well known that every human being is a complex system made up of cells, tissues, organs and... more It is well known that every human being is a complex system made up of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems that function together to maintain its health. The coordinated physiological processes maintain most of the steady states in an organism, not at a fixed value, but within a narrow, relatively constant range, known as homeostasis [1]. Recently, a non-invasive measurement of human biopotentials has been proposed in order to provide information about the condition of the human system as a whole [2]. In this work, the development of two identical signal conditioning circuits that facilitate the acquisition of the human biopotentials simultaneously from both the hands has been presented. The objective of developing these circuits is to enhance the signal levels of both the measured biopotentials uniformly and faithfully, without distortion. This is expected to enable a more reliable and detailed analysis of the acquired signals in future.

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2022

In the present pandemic scenario, it is of great importance to have reliable schemes for monitori... more In the present pandemic scenario, it is of great importance to have reliable schemes for monitoring the human condition. The aim of this study is to validate the differential dermal potential in terms of the standard endosomatic electrodermal activity (EDA) and determine its usability in real-time applications. The differential dermal potential signal is passively acquired across the intermediate phalanges of the middle and index fingers of the hand or feet of human subjects. A physiological basis for these signals is proposed at the outset of this study. In this study, the signal is acquired from the left hand and is compared with two corresponding standard endosomatic EDA signals that are acquired simultaneously from the same two fingers. The experimental data is acquired while the subjects undergo a change of posture and then settle into a restful static condition. Thereafter, these signals are analyzed to determine their settling time as well as their autocorrelation, statistical, and spectral characteristics. It is found that the differential dermal potential signal is a stable passive signal with low settling time. It is strongly correlated with the difference of the two underlying standard endosomatic EDA signals, though not identical to it. The information in this signal, as obtained from the various characteristics, are interpretable and reliable. The findings in this study validate that this signal can be effectively used for monitoring the human condition.

2018 IEEE Applied Signal Processing Conference (ASPCON), 2018

In this paper the design, fabrication and calibration of a battery powered multi-channel low volt... more In this paper the design, fabrication and calibration of a battery powered multi-channel low voltage data acquisition system has been described. The aim of the development of the system is to acquire bio-potentials from multiple locations of the human skin simultaneously. Measurement of such bio-potentials is a particular application of the endosomatic measurement of electrodermal activity (EDA). Each of these multiple signals, which are usually low voltages of the order of microvolts and millivolts, are acquired in a differential mode. These differential voltages are stored simultaneously and then processed using a dedicated micro-controller. The micro-controller based design adopted for this system makes it more reliable, with higher resolution and controlled sampling rate. Calibration of this system has been performed and statistical parameters have been determined to quantify the accuracy, precision, linearity and sensitivity of this system for the stated application. It has been observed that the performance of the developed data acquisition system is high and it is suitable for measuring bio-potentials from four (4) locations simultaneously and reliably.

2018 IEEE Applied Signal Processing Conference (ASPCON), 2018

Measurement of stability of dental implant can be quantitatively and non-invasively done by Reson... more Measurement of stability of dental implant can be quantitatively and non-invasively done by Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) method. This study uses the RFA method with a shift in measurement paradigm from identification of system resonances to system anti-resonances from impedance phase responses. RFA method requires a sensor, which typically comprises of a piezo element and a metal substrate attached to it, as also taken in the present study. The metal substrate has one arm, which is circular shaped with same diameter as the piezo and is attached to it. It has another perpendicularly extended rectangular arm, referred to as the L arm. The free end of the L arm has a groove to hold the implant. This sensor is excited with an external sinusoidal voltage of 1 Volt p-p and 1 to 20 kHz variable frequency, over a suitable period of time for measuring the dynamically changing dental implant stability. It has been seen that, the recorded impedance responses have changing modes of vibration. These changes depend on various parameters among which the length of the L arm plays a significant role. This study focuses on the analysis of the change in the major mode of vibration in static responses due to the change in the length of the L arm, while the other constructional features remain unaltered. An effective length of the L arm, which provides maximum antiresonance phase, has been recommended for subsequent use in practical applications in this study.

International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing, 1995

In the present investigation an attempt has been made to study the phase response properties of m... more In the present investigation an attempt has been made to study the phase response properties of monopolar chest lead ECG voltages. Using a generator model of the heart an equivalent circuit of ECG network has been developed. The equivalent impedance between WCT and probe electrode has been determined by reduction techniques. From this equivalent impedance the phaser characteristics of monopolar ECG voltages have been analysed for change in probe electrode locations. The source of the generated voltage, i.e., the heart, will develop a different voltage for its different condition. There will also be a change in impedances. Thus for the normal subject the distribution of the phaser of the ECG voltages will be different from that of the abnormal one. A software tool has been developed to evaluate the relative phase response of ECG voltages. The data acquisition of monopolar ECG records of chest leads V1 to V6 from chart recorder has been done with the help of AutoCAD application package. The harmonic constituents of ECG voltages have been evaluated at each harmonic plane and the phase characteristics have been studied in polar coordinate for normal subjects as well as for a typical case. An interesting result has been observed in typical cases which are indicated in the paper.

2016 IEEE First International Conference on Control, Measurement and Instrumentation (CMI), 2016

The Kalman filter has a wide range of applications, noise removal from corrupted speech being one... more The Kalman filter has a wide range of applications, noise removal from corrupted speech being one of them. The filter performance is subject to the accurate tuning of its parameters, namely the process noise covariance, Q, and the measurement noise covariance, R. In this paper, the Kalman filter has been tuned to get a suitable value of Q by defining the robustness and sensitivity metrics, and then applied on noisy speech signals. The Kalman gain is another factor that greatly affects filter performance. The speech signal has been frame-wise decomposed into silent and voiced zones, and the Kalman gain has been adjusted according to this distinction to get best overall filter performance. Finally, the algorithm has been applied to clean a noise corrupted known signal from the NOIZEUS database. It is observed that significant noise removal has been achieved, both audibly and from the spectrograms of noisy and processed signals.

2016 IEEE First International Conference on Control, Measurement and Instrumentation (CMI), 2016

In this paper, a guaranteed performance PID controller is proposed for the pitch control problem ... more In this paper, a guaranteed performance PID controller is proposed for the pitch control problem of an UAV. Using the loci for the stated performance criteria, the PID controller zeros are suitably selected as a pair of conjugate poles for the desired system in the specified zone of the s-plane. These poles are rendered non-dominant in order to avert the adverse effects of pole-zero cancellation. This method is proposed as an alternative to the guaranteed dominant pole placement method proposed by Wang et al., in which dominant poles are selected using the critical damping ratio and natural frequency. Simulation results and comparative assessment of the system performances using the designed controller, the guaranteed dominant pole placement controller and LQR validate the efficacy of the proposed controller.

2012 Sixth International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), 2012

ABSTRACT It is well known that the human being is a complex system made up of cells, tissues, org... more ABSTRACT It is well known that the human being is a complex system made up of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems that function together to maintain the health. The coordinated physiological processes maintain most of the steady states in an organism, not at a fixed value, but within a narrow, relatively constant range, known as homeostasis. Recently, a non-invasive measurement of human biopotentials has been proposed in order to provide information about the condition of the human system as a whole. In the present work, a signal conditioning circuit has been developed to enhance the signal level of the measured biopotentials so as to achieve better resolution. This is expected to enable a more reliable and detailed analysis of the acquired signals.

International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing, 1993

The present paper discusses a Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CAD) based data acquisition and... more The present paper discusses a Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CAD) based data acquisition and polar phase response study of the ECG. The scalar ECG does not show vector properties although such properties are embedded in it. In the present paper the polar phase response property of monopolar chest lead (V1 to V6) ECG voltages has been studied. A software tool has been used to evaluate the relative phase response of ECG voltages. The data acquisition of monopolar ECG records of chest leads V1 to V6 from the chart recorder has been done with the help of the AutoCAD application package. The spin harmonic constituents of ECG voltages are evaluated at each harmonic plane and the polar phase responses are studied at each plane. Some interesting results have been observed in some typical cases which are discussed in the paper.

ABSTRACT In this study, characterization of the fractional order element (FOE) proposed in [1] is... more ABSTRACT In this study, characterization of the fractional order element (FOE) proposed in [1] is reported. The FOE was realized by dipping a capacitive type probe in polarizable medium [2]. The aim of the present work is to find out the design criteria to develop predefined and specific FOE parameters. The physical variables has been identified which are responsible to change the parameters of FOE. Experiments have been performed by varying these physical variables and the parameters of FOE are calculated from the experimental observations. The result gives the direction to design FOE with pre-defined specifications. It is expected that the study will help the researchers to choose proper FOE to design Fractional Order Systems (FOS). 1 INTRODUCTION Differentiation and integration are usually regarded as integer operations. This means that we differentiate or integrate a function once, twice, or any whole number of times. In a letter to L'Hospital in 1695, Leibnitz raised the possibility of generalizing the operation of differentiation to non-integer orders. So, the concept of Fractional Order Calculus (FOC) is as old as conventional calculus, but the subject did not get the momentum due to its limited use in engineering applications. This necessitates the development of practically realizable fractional order element. The impedance of any circuit element in Laplace domain can be generalized as [3, 4] α

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015

In this paper, the extended H ∞ filter (EHF) has been logically reformulated as a modification of... more In this paper, the extended H ∞ filter (EHF) has been logically reformulated as a modification of the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Thereafter, a robustness metric and a sensitivity metric have been defined, analogous to that in Saha et al. (IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 63(4):964–971, 2014 [1]), for the EHF which is used to determine a suitable combination of the filter tuning parameters. The major objective of this paper is to predict the usable range of the robustness bound γ for obtaining reliable filter performances. For this purpose, the same problem as in Saha et al. (IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 63(4):964–971, 2014 [1]) of tracking a 2D ballistic target has been studied and the desired states of the EHF have been chosen to be the same as the measurements. The plots of the metrics have been obtained for various choices of γ. The corresponding RMSE performances have then been plotted for each of these choices of γ, while the filter process noise covariance has been varied over the range obtained from the metric plot. It is observed that the metrics are useful in determining the usable range of γ for which the designer is able to obtain the desired trade-off between robustness and sensitivity.

2011 Second International Conference on Emerging Applications of Information Technology, 2011

Abstract—A new method is being proposed in this paper to ascertain the stability of the dental im... more Abstract—A new method is being proposed in this paper to ascertain the stability of the dental implant after its placement in situ. One of the established methods of doing this is by monitoring the change of resonance frequency of the system with time which is typically referred to ...

2009 IEEE Sensors, 2009

In this paper, the performance of a constant phase element (CPE) sensor has been studied for dete... more In this paper, the performance of a constant phase element (CPE) sensor has been studied for detecting adulteration of cow-milk with whey. Addition of whey in milk increases its volume and makes it acidic but the percentage of lactose content does not change significantly. Hence, addition of neutralizers like NaOH will balances the pH value of the adulterated milk and

ISA Transactions, 2015

In this paper, the design of a complete instrumentation system to detect different types of milk ... more In this paper, the design of a complete instrumentation system to detect different types of milk adulteration has been reported. A simple to use indicator type readout device is reported which can be used by milk community people. A low cost microcontroller based automatic sensing system is also reported to detect 'synthetic milk', which has been reconstructed after adulterating the milk with 'liquid-whey'.

2009 Annual IEEE India Conference, 2009

Phase curve of an open loop system is flat in nature if the derivative of phase with respect to f... more Phase curve of an open loop system is flat in nature if the derivative of phase with respect to frequency is zero. With a flat phase curve, the corresponding closed-loop system exhibits an iso-damped property i.e. maintains constant overshoot with the change of gain and with other parametric variations. In recent past application, fractional order (FO) phase shapers have been proposed by contemporary researchers to achieve enhanced parametric robustness. In this paper, a simple Routh tabulation based methodology is proposed to design an appropriate FO phase shaper to achieve phase flattening in a control loop, comprising a system, controlled by a classical PID controller. The method is demonstrated using MATLAB simulation of a second order DC motor plant and also a first order with time delay system.

2012 International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV), 2012

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study is to model a sensor used for determination of dental... more ABSTRACT The objective of the present study is to model a sensor used for determination of dental implant stability using resonance frequency analysis. The aim of modelling is to identify the parameters that affect its response so that the model could be used to suggest better design of the sensor. The sensor system consists of a piezo element attached to a metallic strip with some adhesive. The response of the sensor is highly dependent on the shape and size of the piezo element as well as on the shape and size of the metallic strip attached to it. Three different shapes of the metallic strip, namely circular type, cross type and L type, are glued onto a thin radial piezo element. To validate the model, experimental studies have been done using all three different designs of the sensor. The average responses of the sensors obtained experimentally, the simulated responses obtained using the model and the corresponding error curves have been compared and certain parameters have been identified which affect the sensor performance.

2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2006

The aim of this work is to track a ballistic object with The significance of this work is due to ... more The aim of this work is to track a ballistic object with The significance of this work is due to the fact that it deals unknown ballistic coefficient P. A one dimensional free falling with the problem of tracking ballistic object with unknown ballistic object which is characterized, besides kinematics, by ballistic coefficient estimation with EH F, which due to its unknown ballistic coefficient, has been considered. An extended. '. H~fiter(HOCF) whih is ell-kown or it robutnes robustness property does not require actual information of Q2