Kaustubh Bhattacharyya - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Kaustubh Bhattacharyya
Antennas are an inevitable part of telecommunication. In simplest words, it is a transducer that ... more Antennas are an inevitable part of telecommunication. In simplest words, it is a transducer that converts electrical energy into radio signals and vice-versa. The transmission and reception of signals among people that live at the physically inaccessible placescan communicate by wireless communication technology. Like any system, the wireless system also has a medium of operation, i.e., the atmosphere. Over the years, development in the field of communication has led to many types of antennas. One of these is the microstrip patch antenna which is fabricated on a substrate layer. Although microstrip antennas can provide sufficient gain, it cannot operate over large bandwidth. There must be some adjustments between various properties of the antenna. There must be some trade-off among the size of the radiating layer, number of slots on the layer, shape and size of the slots, etc. this paper presents a study of the work carried out on such antennas and presents a summary of further poss...
The development of technology for communication in the THz frequency band has seen rapid progress... more The development of technology for communication in the THz frequency band has seen rapid progress recently. Due to the wider bandwidth a THz frequency RADAR provides the possibility of higher precision imaging compared to conventional RADARs. A high resolution RADAR operating at THz frequency can be used for automatically detecting and segmenting concealed objects. Recent advancements in THz circuit integration have opened up a wide range of possibilities for on chip applications, like of security and surveillance. The development of various sources and detectors for generation and detection of THz frequency has been driven by other techniques such as spectroscopy, imaging and impulse ranging. One of the central vision of this type of security system aims at ambient intelligence: the computation and communication carried out intelligently. The need for higher mobility with limited size and power consumption has led to development of nanotechnology based THz generators. In addition t...
This paper presents a novel complementary CPWfed slotted microstrip patch antenna for operation a... more This paper presents a novel complementary CPWfed slotted microstrip patch antenna for operation at 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz and 6.3 GHz frequencies. The primary structure consists of the complementary split ring resonator slots on a patch and the design is fabricated on FR-4 epoxy substrate with substrate thickness of 1.6 mm. The described structure lacks the presence of a ground plane and makes use of a number of circular complementary SRRs along with rectangular slots on the radiating patch. The structure provides a wide bandwidth of around 390 MHz, 470 MHz and 600 MHz at the three bands with return losses of -11.5 dB, -24.3996dB and -24.4226 dB, respectively. The inclusion of the rectangular slots in the CSRR based slot antenna with stairecase structure improved the performance with respect to return loss.
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) s has widely been used for recognition of optically scanned chara... more Artificial Neural Network (ANN) s has widely been used for recognition of optically scanned character, which partially emulates human thinking in the domain of the Artificial Intelligence. But prior to recognition, it is necessary to segment the character from the text to sentences, words etc. Segmentation of words into individual letters has been one of the major problems in handwriting recognition. Despite several successful works all over the work, development of such tools in specific languages is still an ongoing process especially in the Indian context. This work explores the application of ANN as an aid to segmentation of handwritten characters in Assamese- an important language in the North Eastern part of India. The work explores the performance difference obtained in applying an ANN-based dynamic segmentation algorithm compared to projection- based static segmentation. The algorithm involves, first training of an ANN with individual handwritten characters recorded from dif...
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Energy, 2014
The primary goal of this paper is to make a comparative study on various approaches used to ident... more The primary goal of this paper is to make a comparative study on various approaches used to identify the person’s face and thereafter recognize their emotion. Among the various techniques implemented, Neural Networks, Hidden Markov Model and Dimensionality reduction techniques have received lot of attention. The face and facial emotion recognition system would require care and efforts in data acquisition, pre-processing, feature extraction, classification and performance evaluation. The main aim of this review paper is to study and compare the well-known techniques used at different stages to recognize the face and its emotion.
Recent Trends in Signal and Image Processing
Automatic target recognition (ATR) permits precision strikes against specific targets with minimi... more Automatic target recognition (ATR) permits precision strikes against specific targets with minimized risk and increased efficiency without adverse effects on other entities. Hence, it has become increasingly important for modern defense strategy. With the advances in computer technology, real-time target classification and recognition becomes an important and essential feature of radar systems, specifically for military purposes. High-frequency signal such as THz signal is a recent demand for new surveillance systems, which has led to the development of various prototypes capable of detecting concealed weapons. Radar operated in this frequency provides the possibility of higher precision signal processing due to the wider bandwidth. In this paper, analysis of the spectrum of THz pulses used for detecting radar target through simulation is presented.
ADBU Journal of Engineering Technology (AJET), 2016
For the precise measurement of the time difference between the arrival of different signals comin... more For the precise measurement of the time difference between the arrival of different signals coming from the different channels, the time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a very useful device. The TDC implemented so far are basically tapped delay lines which provides a resolution of about 10 ps however such high resolution is necessary for some specific applications. So a low resource TDC implemented in FPGA is preferred which helps to measure the time difference between the signals. Keywords: analog-to-digital converter (ADC), resolution, DPLL, clock generation, jitter
ADBU Journal of Engineering Technology (AJET), 2019
In any signal noise is an undesired quantity, however most of thetime every signal get mixed with... more In any signal noise is an undesired quantity, however most of thetime every signal get mixed with noise at different levels of theirprocessing and application, due to which the information containedby the signal gets distorted and makes the whole signal redundant.A speech signal is very prominent with acoustical noises like bubblenoise, car noise, street noise etc. So for removing the noises researchershave developed various techniques which are called filtering. Basicallyall the filtering techniques are not suitable for every application,hence based on the type of application some techniques are betterthan the others. Broadly, the filtering techniques can be classifiedinto two categories i.e. linear filtering and non-linear filtering.In this paper a study is presented on some of the filtering techniqueswhich are based on linear and nonlinear approaches. These techniquesincludes different adaptive filtering based on algorithm like LMS,NLMS and RLS etc., Kalman filter, ARMA and NARMA...
ADBU Journal of Engineering Technology (AJET), 2016
The design of modern day communication system emphasizes on transmission and proper reception of ... more The design of modern day communication system emphasizes on transmission and proper reception of data at minimum possible error rates and also at the same time on maintenance of high degrees of precision. But there are additional factors that add to it such as the operating speeds of the communication device developed should be compatible with the other sub-systems of the setup. Also, the design complexity of the device and the cost of design should be minimum. So, based on the various factors as mentioned above, a situation arises where a number of designs can be put forward for the same device having their sets of merits and demerits. As such, an analysis of these different designs is essential to derive an optimal solution which is the main objective of this work. Considering the various constraints at hand, we would like to put forward a comparative study between two different designs of the communication receiver device DPLL, namely the counter based DPLL and Multiplexer based ...
ADBU Journal of Engineering Technology (AJET), 2016
Emotion detection is the task of recognizing a person’s emotion state. Understanding facial exp... more Emotion detection is the task of recognizing a person’s emotion state. Understanding facial expression accurately is one of the challenging task for interpersonal relationship. Automatic emotion detection using facial expressions recognition is now a main area of interest within various fields such as computer vision, medicine and psychology. Various feature extraction techniques have been developed for recognition of expression from static images as well as real time videos. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based detection for emotion like anger, confusion, happy, sad, annoyed, stressed etc. is now a days, gathering more popularity among the researchers as it provides better results. Human emotion can be detected image through digital processing. Few work done on emotion detection, those are published recently reviewed are summarizes here briefly. Keywords—Emotion, interpersonal, facial expression, ANN, Recognition, extraction, digital processing
ADBU Journal of Engineering Technology (AJET), 2017
The development of technology for communication in the THz frequency band has seen rapid progress... more The development of technology for communication in the THz frequency band has seen rapid progress recently. Due to the wider bandwidth a THz frequency RADAR provides the possibility of higher precision imaging compared to conventional RADARs. A high resolution RADAR operating at THz frequency can be used for automatically detecting and segmenting concealed objects. Recent advancements in THz circuit integration have opened up a wide range of possibilities for on chip applications, like of security and surveillance. The development of various sources and detectors for generation and detection of THz frequency has been driven by other techniques such as spectroscopy, imaging and impulse ranging. One of the central vision of this type of security system aims at ambient intelligence: the computation and communication carried out intelligently. The need for higher mobility with limited size and power consumption has led to development of nanotechnology based THz generators. In addition t...
Terahertz (THz) technology, a new step towards the wireless communication is a recent topic of re... more Terahertz (THz) technology, a new step towards the wireless communication is a recent topic of research. THz radiation has unique properties which make it better than microwaves, infrared, Xrays, etc. These radiations have wide applications in various fields like imaging, spectroscopy, security, biomedicine, sub-millimeter astronomy, in communication, etc. The sources for THz radiation as well as the detectors are the key components within THz communication system, and are still in a developing stage. As in naturally occurring materials, there is lack of good terahertz characteristic, so researchers are moving towards artificial one, i.e., the metamaterial based design. Designing of generators and detectors based on metamaterial for THz radiation is the recent demands in the field of THz communication. Hence, we are focusing on the metamaterial based THz transmitter and receiver. So in this paper, a brief study of the THz technology based on metamaterial has been carried out and pre...
Modern medical imaging research faces the challenge of detecting brain tumor through Magnetic Res... more Modern medical imaging research faces the challenge of detecting brain tumor through Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). Normally, to produce images of soft tissue of human body, MRI images are used by experts. For brain tumor detection, image segmentation is required, which is a challenging task faced by today’s medical neurologist. This is considered to be one of the most important step in detecting brain tumor as the further treatment and diagnosis depend on it. Hence, it is highly necessary that segmentation of the MRI images must be done accurately. Limitations in manual detection have made the researchers to turn their attention towards the using of soft computing tools in brain tumor detection. Over the years many researchers have proposed different methods of tumor detection using intelligent tools like ANN, Fuzzy Logic etc. obtaining better results. Here are discussed a few methods of brain tumor detection using different algorithms proposed by researchers.
2015 International Conference on Computer, Communication and Control (IC4), 2015
Proper tracking of signals at any intermediate stage of a processing system or at the receiver of... more Proper tracking of signals at any intermediate stage of a processing system or at the receiver of modern day communication systems has been given much importance over the last two decades. Proper tracking of the signal envelope is evidently very necessary; for communication systems, to recover the message signal that was transmitted with minimum error whereas for signal processing applications, to regenerate the signal in its most precise form by removing unwanted noise, harmonics, undesired frequency components etc. To develop a system which would be able to track a wide range of signals accurately, a generalized parameter should be available to us which would define all signals accurately. The `instantaneous phase' information of the signal is kept intact and thus it is a very vital parameter to represent any signal. Thus, if the instantaneous phase of the signal is properly tracked, the signal can be easily regenerated. In recent times, DPLL algorithms have emerged as an effi...
Brain Tumor is one of the deadly diseases that has taken the lives of many people. A tumor can be... more Brain Tumor is one of the deadly diseases that has taken the lives of many people. A tumor can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors are curable if detected at the early stage. In today’s modern era of medical technology, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) has proved to be an efficient method of detecting the presence of brain tumor in the patient. Proper detection of brain tumor is necessary for further treatment of the patient which is possible through accurate segmentation of the brain. Brain segmentation plays a vital role in brain tumor detection. Over the years many researchers have proposed different methods for brain tumor detection but use of soft computing tool is much more preferred as far as human error is concerned. Here, a method of classification of images with and without tumor is dictated using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The ANN has been configured to detect the presence of tumor by using various parameters of Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Keywords:Bra...
Speech is a form of communication that most people came across in their day to day life. Speech c... more Speech is a form of communication that most people came across in their day to day life. Speech can be used for many purposes like speech communication, speech recognition, speaker identification etc. In all of these applications a noise free speech signal is highly desired. Therefore to get a noise free speech, different speech processing and speech filtering techniques are used. In this paper we have presented a review on speech processing and different speech filtering techniques. The techniques that we have investigated in this paper are Adaptive filtering, Kalman Filtering, Neural Networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy filtering and it is found that LMS gives good result in linear noise depending upon the order of the filter and hybrid filtering techniques like ANFIS because it gives the better result in case of non-stationary noise. Keywords: Adaptive Filter, noise cancellation, least mean square adaptive filter, Autoregressive, Kalman filter, neural network, Adaptive neuro-fuzzy f...
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Speech signal quality and its intelligibility degrade when it is mixed with the noise and it beco... more Speech signal quality and its intelligibility degrade when it is mixed with the noise and it becomes hard to extract the original information contained in the signal. Hence, it is very important to reduce/remove the unwanted noise from the speech signal in order to extract the original information contained in the signal. Based on different noises two kinds of filtering techniques is used for removal of the noise from the speech signal, i.e., if the noise is not time varying means stationary, the filtering technique is called linear filtering and if the noise is time varying means nonstationary then nonlinear filtering technique are used to remove the noise. These two broad categories of filtering include many techniques such as adaptive filtering, Kalman filtering, sub-band filtering, gamma filtering, modified Wiener filtering, etc. This paper presented the linear filtering using the different techniques of adaptive filtering and Kalman filtering and a comparison is evaluated on the performance of the applied filters.
IJIREEICE
OFDM is the combination of both multiplexing and modulation. In this paper, orthogonal frequency ... more OFDM is the combination of both multiplexing and modulation. In this paper, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is considered for wideband transmission to mitigate intersymbol interference and enhance system capacity. The main principle of an OFDM is the insertion of Guard Intervals over a multipath fading channel, where two ways are possible; one method being Zero Padding and another being addition of Cyclic Prefix. This paper is mainly focused on the significance of cyclic prefix. Also, the combination of OFDM with MIMO is one of the most promising candidates for future communication systems, ranging from wireless LAN to broadband access, which is presently under study. This paper starts with comparisons of OFDM using QPSK and QAM on different channels, followed by modeling the MMSE estimators through a 4× MIMO system on MATLAB. Inthe end, results of different simulations are compared to conclude that MMSE algorithm provides comparatively better results with the implementation of MIMO-OFDM system.
Antennas are an inevitable part of telecommunication. In simplest words, it is a transducer that ... more Antennas are an inevitable part of telecommunication. In simplest words, it is a transducer that converts electrical energy into radio signals and vice-versa. The transmission and reception of signals among people that live at the physically inaccessible placescan communicate by wireless communication technology. Like any system, the wireless system also has a medium of operation, i.e., the atmosphere. Over the years, development in the field of communication has led to many types of antennas. One of these is the microstrip patch antenna which is fabricated on a substrate layer. Although microstrip antennas can provide sufficient gain, it cannot operate over large bandwidth. There must be some adjustments between various properties of the antenna. There must be some trade-off among the size of the radiating layer, number of slots on the layer, shape and size of the slots, etc. this paper presents a study of the work carried out on such antennas and presents a summary of further poss...
The development of technology for communication in the THz frequency band has seen rapid progress... more The development of technology for communication in the THz frequency band has seen rapid progress recently. Due to the wider bandwidth a THz frequency RADAR provides the possibility of higher precision imaging compared to conventional RADARs. A high resolution RADAR operating at THz frequency can be used for automatically detecting and segmenting concealed objects. Recent advancements in THz circuit integration have opened up a wide range of possibilities for on chip applications, like of security and surveillance. The development of various sources and detectors for generation and detection of THz frequency has been driven by other techniques such as spectroscopy, imaging and impulse ranging. One of the central vision of this type of security system aims at ambient intelligence: the computation and communication carried out intelligently. The need for higher mobility with limited size and power consumption has led to development of nanotechnology based THz generators. In addition t...
This paper presents a novel complementary CPWfed slotted microstrip patch antenna for operation a... more This paper presents a novel complementary CPWfed slotted microstrip patch antenna for operation at 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz and 6.3 GHz frequencies. The primary structure consists of the complementary split ring resonator slots on a patch and the design is fabricated on FR-4 epoxy substrate with substrate thickness of 1.6 mm. The described structure lacks the presence of a ground plane and makes use of a number of circular complementary SRRs along with rectangular slots on the radiating patch. The structure provides a wide bandwidth of around 390 MHz, 470 MHz and 600 MHz at the three bands with return losses of -11.5 dB, -24.3996dB and -24.4226 dB, respectively. The inclusion of the rectangular slots in the CSRR based slot antenna with stairecase structure improved the performance with respect to return loss.
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) s has widely been used for recognition of optically scanned chara... more Artificial Neural Network (ANN) s has widely been used for recognition of optically scanned character, which partially emulates human thinking in the domain of the Artificial Intelligence. But prior to recognition, it is necessary to segment the character from the text to sentences, words etc. Segmentation of words into individual letters has been one of the major problems in handwriting recognition. Despite several successful works all over the work, development of such tools in specific languages is still an ongoing process especially in the Indian context. This work explores the application of ANN as an aid to segmentation of handwritten characters in Assamese- an important language in the North Eastern part of India. The work explores the performance difference obtained in applying an ANN-based dynamic segmentation algorithm compared to projection- based static segmentation. The algorithm involves, first training of an ANN with individual handwritten characters recorded from dif...
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Energy, 2014
The primary goal of this paper is to make a comparative study on various approaches used to ident... more The primary goal of this paper is to make a comparative study on various approaches used to identify the person’s face and thereafter recognize their emotion. Among the various techniques implemented, Neural Networks, Hidden Markov Model and Dimensionality reduction techniques have received lot of attention. The face and facial emotion recognition system would require care and efforts in data acquisition, pre-processing, feature extraction, classification and performance evaluation. The main aim of this review paper is to study and compare the well-known techniques used at different stages to recognize the face and its emotion.
Recent Trends in Signal and Image Processing
Automatic target recognition (ATR) permits precision strikes against specific targets with minimi... more Automatic target recognition (ATR) permits precision strikes against specific targets with minimized risk and increased efficiency without adverse effects on other entities. Hence, it has become increasingly important for modern defense strategy. With the advances in computer technology, real-time target classification and recognition becomes an important and essential feature of radar systems, specifically for military purposes. High-frequency signal such as THz signal is a recent demand for new surveillance systems, which has led to the development of various prototypes capable of detecting concealed weapons. Radar operated in this frequency provides the possibility of higher precision signal processing due to the wider bandwidth. In this paper, analysis of the spectrum of THz pulses used for detecting radar target through simulation is presented.
ADBU Journal of Engineering Technology (AJET), 2016
For the precise measurement of the time difference between the arrival of different signals comin... more For the precise measurement of the time difference between the arrival of different signals coming from the different channels, the time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a very useful device. The TDC implemented so far are basically tapped delay lines which provides a resolution of about 10 ps however such high resolution is necessary for some specific applications. So a low resource TDC implemented in FPGA is preferred which helps to measure the time difference between the signals. Keywords: analog-to-digital converter (ADC), resolution, DPLL, clock generation, jitter
ADBU Journal of Engineering Technology (AJET), 2019
In any signal noise is an undesired quantity, however most of thetime every signal get mixed with... more In any signal noise is an undesired quantity, however most of thetime every signal get mixed with noise at different levels of theirprocessing and application, due to which the information containedby the signal gets distorted and makes the whole signal redundant.A speech signal is very prominent with acoustical noises like bubblenoise, car noise, street noise etc. So for removing the noises researchershave developed various techniques which are called filtering. Basicallyall the filtering techniques are not suitable for every application,hence based on the type of application some techniques are betterthan the others. Broadly, the filtering techniques can be classifiedinto two categories i.e. linear filtering and non-linear filtering.In this paper a study is presented on some of the filtering techniqueswhich are based on linear and nonlinear approaches. These techniquesincludes different adaptive filtering based on algorithm like LMS,NLMS and RLS etc., Kalman filter, ARMA and NARMA...
ADBU Journal of Engineering Technology (AJET), 2016
The design of modern day communication system emphasizes on transmission and proper reception of ... more The design of modern day communication system emphasizes on transmission and proper reception of data at minimum possible error rates and also at the same time on maintenance of high degrees of precision. But there are additional factors that add to it such as the operating speeds of the communication device developed should be compatible with the other sub-systems of the setup. Also, the design complexity of the device and the cost of design should be minimum. So, based on the various factors as mentioned above, a situation arises where a number of designs can be put forward for the same device having their sets of merits and demerits. As such, an analysis of these different designs is essential to derive an optimal solution which is the main objective of this work. Considering the various constraints at hand, we would like to put forward a comparative study between two different designs of the communication receiver device DPLL, namely the counter based DPLL and Multiplexer based ...
ADBU Journal of Engineering Technology (AJET), 2016
Emotion detection is the task of recognizing a person’s emotion state. Understanding facial exp... more Emotion detection is the task of recognizing a person’s emotion state. Understanding facial expression accurately is one of the challenging task for interpersonal relationship. Automatic emotion detection using facial expressions recognition is now a main area of interest within various fields such as computer vision, medicine and psychology. Various feature extraction techniques have been developed for recognition of expression from static images as well as real time videos. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based detection for emotion like anger, confusion, happy, sad, annoyed, stressed etc. is now a days, gathering more popularity among the researchers as it provides better results. Human emotion can be detected image through digital processing. Few work done on emotion detection, those are published recently reviewed are summarizes here briefly. Keywords—Emotion, interpersonal, facial expression, ANN, Recognition, extraction, digital processing
ADBU Journal of Engineering Technology (AJET), 2017
The development of technology for communication in the THz frequency band has seen rapid progress... more The development of technology for communication in the THz frequency band has seen rapid progress recently. Due to the wider bandwidth a THz frequency RADAR provides the possibility of higher precision imaging compared to conventional RADARs. A high resolution RADAR operating at THz frequency can be used for automatically detecting and segmenting concealed objects. Recent advancements in THz circuit integration have opened up a wide range of possibilities for on chip applications, like of security and surveillance. The development of various sources and detectors for generation and detection of THz frequency has been driven by other techniques such as spectroscopy, imaging and impulse ranging. One of the central vision of this type of security system aims at ambient intelligence: the computation and communication carried out intelligently. The need for higher mobility with limited size and power consumption has led to development of nanotechnology based THz generators. In addition t...
Terahertz (THz) technology, a new step towards the wireless communication is a recent topic of re... more Terahertz (THz) technology, a new step towards the wireless communication is a recent topic of research. THz radiation has unique properties which make it better than microwaves, infrared, Xrays, etc. These radiations have wide applications in various fields like imaging, spectroscopy, security, biomedicine, sub-millimeter astronomy, in communication, etc. The sources for THz radiation as well as the detectors are the key components within THz communication system, and are still in a developing stage. As in naturally occurring materials, there is lack of good terahertz characteristic, so researchers are moving towards artificial one, i.e., the metamaterial based design. Designing of generators and detectors based on metamaterial for THz radiation is the recent demands in the field of THz communication. Hence, we are focusing on the metamaterial based THz transmitter and receiver. So in this paper, a brief study of the THz technology based on metamaterial has been carried out and pre...
Modern medical imaging research faces the challenge of detecting brain tumor through Magnetic Res... more Modern medical imaging research faces the challenge of detecting brain tumor through Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). Normally, to produce images of soft tissue of human body, MRI images are used by experts. For brain tumor detection, image segmentation is required, which is a challenging task faced by today’s medical neurologist. This is considered to be one of the most important step in detecting brain tumor as the further treatment and diagnosis depend on it. Hence, it is highly necessary that segmentation of the MRI images must be done accurately. Limitations in manual detection have made the researchers to turn their attention towards the using of soft computing tools in brain tumor detection. Over the years many researchers have proposed different methods of tumor detection using intelligent tools like ANN, Fuzzy Logic etc. obtaining better results. Here are discussed a few methods of brain tumor detection using different algorithms proposed by researchers.
2015 International Conference on Computer, Communication and Control (IC4), 2015
Proper tracking of signals at any intermediate stage of a processing system or at the receiver of... more Proper tracking of signals at any intermediate stage of a processing system or at the receiver of modern day communication systems has been given much importance over the last two decades. Proper tracking of the signal envelope is evidently very necessary; for communication systems, to recover the message signal that was transmitted with minimum error whereas for signal processing applications, to regenerate the signal in its most precise form by removing unwanted noise, harmonics, undesired frequency components etc. To develop a system which would be able to track a wide range of signals accurately, a generalized parameter should be available to us which would define all signals accurately. The `instantaneous phase' information of the signal is kept intact and thus it is a very vital parameter to represent any signal. Thus, if the instantaneous phase of the signal is properly tracked, the signal can be easily regenerated. In recent times, DPLL algorithms have emerged as an effi...
Brain Tumor is one of the deadly diseases that has taken the lives of many people. A tumor can be... more Brain Tumor is one of the deadly diseases that has taken the lives of many people. A tumor can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors are curable if detected at the early stage. In today’s modern era of medical technology, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) has proved to be an efficient method of detecting the presence of brain tumor in the patient. Proper detection of brain tumor is necessary for further treatment of the patient which is possible through accurate segmentation of the brain. Brain segmentation plays a vital role in brain tumor detection. Over the years many researchers have proposed different methods for brain tumor detection but use of soft computing tool is much more preferred as far as human error is concerned. Here, a method of classification of images with and without tumor is dictated using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The ANN has been configured to detect the presence of tumor by using various parameters of Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Keywords:Bra...
Speech is a form of communication that most people came across in their day to day life. Speech c... more Speech is a form of communication that most people came across in their day to day life. Speech can be used for many purposes like speech communication, speech recognition, speaker identification etc. In all of these applications a noise free speech signal is highly desired. Therefore to get a noise free speech, different speech processing and speech filtering techniques are used. In this paper we have presented a review on speech processing and different speech filtering techniques. The techniques that we have investigated in this paper are Adaptive filtering, Kalman Filtering, Neural Networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy filtering and it is found that LMS gives good result in linear noise depending upon the order of the filter and hybrid filtering techniques like ANFIS because it gives the better result in case of non-stationary noise. Keywords: Adaptive Filter, noise cancellation, least mean square adaptive filter, Autoregressive, Kalman filter, neural network, Adaptive neuro-fuzzy f...
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Speech signal quality and its intelligibility degrade when it is mixed with the noise and it beco... more Speech signal quality and its intelligibility degrade when it is mixed with the noise and it becomes hard to extract the original information contained in the signal. Hence, it is very important to reduce/remove the unwanted noise from the speech signal in order to extract the original information contained in the signal. Based on different noises two kinds of filtering techniques is used for removal of the noise from the speech signal, i.e., if the noise is not time varying means stationary, the filtering technique is called linear filtering and if the noise is time varying means nonstationary then nonlinear filtering technique are used to remove the noise. These two broad categories of filtering include many techniques such as adaptive filtering, Kalman filtering, sub-band filtering, gamma filtering, modified Wiener filtering, etc. This paper presented the linear filtering using the different techniques of adaptive filtering and Kalman filtering and a comparison is evaluated on the performance of the applied filters.
IJIREEICE
OFDM is the combination of both multiplexing and modulation. In this paper, orthogonal frequency ... more OFDM is the combination of both multiplexing and modulation. In this paper, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is considered for wideband transmission to mitigate intersymbol interference and enhance system capacity. The main principle of an OFDM is the insertion of Guard Intervals over a multipath fading channel, where two ways are possible; one method being Zero Padding and another being addition of Cyclic Prefix. This paper is mainly focused on the significance of cyclic prefix. Also, the combination of OFDM with MIMO is one of the most promising candidates for future communication systems, ranging from wireless LAN to broadband access, which is presently under study. This paper starts with comparisons of OFDM using QPSK and QAM on different channels, followed by modeling the MMSE estimators through a 4× MIMO system on MATLAB. Inthe end, results of different simulations are compared to conclude that MMSE algorithm provides comparatively better results with the implementation of MIMO-OFDM system.