Biruta Bankina - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Biruta Bankina

Rural Sustainability Research

The common control method of leaf blotches is the application of fungicides; however, the results... more The common control method of leaf blotches is the application of fungicides; however, the results of trials are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the fungicide treatment intensity on the severity of leaf blotches and to assess the correlation between the development of diseases and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield in 2018–2021. The development of diseases was evaluated regularly. In this study, the severity of leaf blotches at the medium milk ripening (GS 75–77) was used. Tan spot dominated in 2018, 2019, and 2021, but Septoria tritici blotch dominated in 2020. Fungicides significantly decreased the severity of tan spot and Septoria tritici blotch, but the efficacy of used fungicide treatment schemes differed during trial years – it was more pronounced under higher pressures of leaf blotches. In the year with a high severity of Septoria tritici blotch, the best efficacy was obtained when fungicide was used two times (at GS 32–33 and GS 55...

Frontiers in Plant Science

Fungi of genus Botrytis are important pathogens of legumes, causing gray mold and chocolate spot ... more Fungi of genus Botrytis are important pathogens of legumes, causing gray mold and chocolate spot diseases. The use of molecular methods to identify pathogens has resulted in the discovery of several new Botrytis species and new associations of pathogens with diseases. Thus, chocolate spot of faba bean is now associated with at least four species: B. fabae, B. cinerea, B. pseudocinerea and B. fabiopsis. Species of Botrytis differ in host plant, pathogenicity, fungicide resistance and other relevant properties that affect disease control. The aim of this study was to identify the species of Botrytis isolated from different legume crops and to evaluate their in vitro pathogenicity. Between 2014 and 2019, 278 isolates of Botrytis were obtained from infected legumes in Latvia. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out by sequencing three nuclear genes, RPB2, HSP60, and G3PDH, considered to be diagnostic for species in this genus. A set of 21 representative isolates was selected for pathoge...

Agronomy Research, 2019

Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a significant wheat disease worldw... more Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a significant wheat disease worldwide. In Latvia, the distribution of yellow rust has increased recently and new aggressive races have been identified. The aim of this research was to investigate the possibilities for the biological control of yellow rust in winter wheat. A field trial was established in a biological field of winter wheat in Latvia in 2017 and 2018. Biological products that contained Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas aurantiaca, Brevibacillus spp., Acinetobacter spp., and chitosan were used for treatments, and one variant was left untreated. The efficacy of products was evaluated by the AUDPC (area under the disease progress curve) comparison. Differences in the severity of yellow rust between the trial years were observed. In 2018, the severity of yellow rust was lower than in 2017. In untreated plots, on flag leaf, the severity varied from 10.9% to 32.5% in 2017 and from 1.4% to 6.5% in 2018. In 2017, the sev...

Severity of strawberry root rot depending on cultivars

Berry rot of cranberry in Latvia

Validation of decision support system for control of wheat diseases

Prevalent testing results of the decision support system "PC-P Diseases" control module in winter and spring wheat in Latvia

Possibilities of integrated diseases control of triticale and rye

Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, 2006

The main task of integrated plant protection is to reduce usage of pesticides and to address a re... more The main task of integrated plant protection is to reduce usage of pesticides and to address a request of farmers to cut down variable costs for winter wheat growing (including costs of fungicides). A new tool providing these requirements is a Decision support system based on PC program. Validation trials of PC-P Diseases were carried out in collaboration with Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences in 1999-2002 in different regions in Latvia. Comparisons were made among standard treatments with full dose of Tango Super (epoxiconazole 84 g l-1, fenpropimorf 250 g l-1) in GS 51-55, split doses in GS 37-39 and GS 51-55 and treatment according to PC-P recommendation. Tan spot (Drechslera tritici-repentis), leaf blotch (Septoria tritici) and mildew (Blumeria graminis) were the most important diseases in this period. The results of trials showed that average doses of fungicide were decreased according to PC-P Diseases recommendations, treatment frequency index fluctuated from 0.2-1.02....

Phoma blackleg of oilseed rape in Latvia

Nelku fialoforas vites ierosinataja Phialophora cinerescens izplatiba un biologiskas ipasibas

Available from Latvian Academic Library / LAL - Latvian Academic LibrarySIGLELVLatvi

Diseases of carrots and the possibilities of their control

Plants

In recent years, Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) plantations in Latvia have increased. Int... more In recent years, Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) plantations in Latvia have increased. Interest in breeding Japanese quince is also known in other European countries and Russia. The occurrence and harmfulness of fungal diseases have become increasingly significant. However, there is a lack of overall information in the literature about the diversity of fungi afflicting C. japonica. In our study, we aimed to determine the diversity of fungi associated with C. japonica in Latvia, with the possibility of identifying the fungi that are most characteristically associated with certain parts of the plant. Our research was conducted from 2017 to 2019 in eight Japanese quince plantations in Latvia. Samples of plant parts with disease symptoms were collected. Pure cultures of fungi were obtained and identified using ITS region sequencing. We determined the relative density of identified genera of fungi, which were grouped using hierarchical cluster analysis depending on the plant part ...

Vegetable diseases control in integrated plant protection

Research Outreach, 2021

F aba bean (also known as broad bean, Vicia faba) is an important legume crop known for its benef... more F aba bean (also known as broad bean, Vicia faba) is an important legume crop known for its benefits as a source of protein for food and as green manure in fields. In Europe, compared with farming of cereals and oilseed rape, which have the highest profit margin, the cultivation of legumes as a popular crop of choice has been limited. Only in the last decade has the importance of growing legume grain crops increased rapidly in Europe. Biruta Bankina Biology-Botrytis spp. is a necrotrophic fungus that causes chocolate spot disease in many plant species. Symptoms of chocolate spot on faba bean.

Winter wheat crown and root rot are affected by soil tillage and crop rotation in Latvia

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science, 2013

ABSTRACT Reduced soil tillage and wheat monoculture have become increasingly widespread technolog... more ABSTRACT Reduced soil tillage and wheat monoculture have become increasingly widespread technologies in Latvia. The aim of this study was to estimate the development of winter wheat crown and root rot, depending on soil tillage and crop rotation. Two-factor experiments were carried out from 2009 to 2012: (1) crop rotation and (2) soil management. The incidence of the complex of stem-base diseases (root and crown rot) was determined after wheat harvesting. Causal agents were determined microscopically; species of Fusarium were identified by sequencing the Transcription Elongation Factor (TEF) region and subsequent phylogenetic clustering of acquired DNA sequences. The most important factor influencing the progression of crown and root rot was year (p p p Fusarium genus: on average, 36% of isolates were identified as Fusarium spp: F. culmorum and F. avenaceum were the dominant species, but F. sporotrichioides and F. trinctum were also identified. The problem of wheat stem base and root rot is complex; different circumstances and unknown factors influence the spectrum of causal agents and the total disease level. Further investigations are necessary to research changes in disease development during a longer time period, as well as to clarify the occurrence of different pathogens, depending on different factors.

Šis ilustrētais izdevums nodrošina studentus ar pašreiz aktuālo informāciju par organismiem no Fu... more Šis ilustrētais izdevums nodrošina studentus ar pašreiz aktuālo informāciju par organismiem no Fungi, Chromista un Protozoa valstīm – nozīmīgām augu slimību ierosinātāju grupām. Tajā ietverts sēņu uzbūves un vairošanās raksturojums, kā arī sistemātikas pamatprincipi. Izdevumā raksturotas svarīgākās augiem patogēno sēņu rindas, kā arī minēti piemēri par nozīmīgiem slimību ierosinātājiem un dots atsevišķu slimību apraksts. Izdevumā apkopota informācija no autentiskiem un akceptētiem avotiem.

Lack of crop rotation increases the risk of wheat leaf blotch (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repe... more Lack of crop rotation increases the risk of wheat leaf blotch (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Zymoseptoria tritici) development. The aim of the presented study is to clarify the importance of the wheat pre-crop and pre-pre-crop on the development of wheat leaf blotches. A long-term field experiment was established at the Research and Training Farm “Peterlauki” of the Latvia University of Agriculture. The incidence and severity of tan spot were assessed for the whole plant until BBCH 31, for the three upper leaves until BBCH 32-69, and for the two upper leaves until later stages. The obtained results (2012-2014) were categorised according to different crop rotations: 1) pre-crop of wheat (A – wheat; B – alternative crop); and 2) pre-pre-crop of wheat (C – wheat; D – alternative crop). The total impact of disease during the vegetation season was evaluated by calculating the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). A rapid development of wheat leaf blotches was observ...

Puccinia striiformis is a biotrophic pathogen able to cause broad scale epidemics in wheat growin... more Puccinia striiformis is a biotrophic pathogen able to cause broad scale epidemics in wheat growing regions. P. striiformis is genetically highly variable pathogen. New, aggressive genetic lineages, adapted to warm temperatures have been observed in the last decades worldwide. The study aimed to ascertain the structure of genetic lineages of P. striiformis in Latvia. Forty one wheat leaf samples with yellow rust symptoms were collected in 2017–2019. Fenotyping and genotyping methods were used for identification of genetic lineages in Global Rust Reference Center, Denmark. Assessments of leaf diseases on winter wheat differentials – ‘Ambition’, ‘Mariboss’, ‘Moro’, ‘Compair’, ‘Rendezvous’, ‘Spalding Prolific’ and local variety ’Fredis’ were made during the research. Five genetic lineages of P. striiformis – PstS4, PstS7, PstS10, PstS13 and PstS14 were found. 56% from the samples belonged to PstS14, 17.1% PstS10, 12.2% PstS4 and PstS7, 2.4% PstS13. Genetic lineages identified from Latvi...

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is gaining importance as a crop in northern Europe. In this region, the... more Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is gaining importance as a crop in northern Europe. In this region, the most important disease of faba bean is chocolate spot disease, attributed to the pathogen Botrytis fabae. However, other Botrytis species have been found to contribute to the disease. Hence, it was decided to isolate fungi from faba bean plants showing symptoms of chocolate spot disease in Latvia, identify the Botrytis species using the DNA sequences of three definitive genes, evaluate the morphological diversity of the isolates in vitro and, finally, to determine the pathogenicity of the isolates in a detached-leaf test. In addition to B. fabae, B. cinerea, B. pseudocinerea and B. fabiopsis were all identified. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences put all the obtained 44 isolates unequivocally into clusters with known examples of each species. Every species showed wide diversity in its in vitro colour, texture and growing pattern of mycelium, production of sclerotia and pigmentation of the growing medium with much overlap between species showing that this method is not adequate for species discrimination. B. fabae produced the largest lesions on infected leaves, followed closely by B. pseudocinerea and B. cinerea, while B. fabiopsis produced much smaller lesions. The results show that chocolate spot disease of faba bean is attributable to Botrytis four species in northern Europe. This knowledge needs to be considered when controlling the disease by genetic or agronomic means.