Björn Schulz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Björn Schulz
Q Open, 2022
Climate change has become a key threat to biodiversity. As a response to climate change, species ... more Climate change has become a key threat to biodiversity. As a response to climate change, species may adapt spatially (with range shifts) and temporally (with phenological adaptations), which may alter the impact of conservation measures. In cultural landscapes, where conservation often depends on specifically timed land use, climate change may also induce spatial changes in opportunity costs of conservation measures and with respect to their timing. Thus, previously cost-effectiveness conservation efforts may become less cost-effective. We develop a climate–ecological–economic model to investigate climate change-induced modifications of the cost-effective spatiotemporal allocation of conservation measures. We apply the model to a case study to investigate the cost-effectiveness of grassland measures to conserve the large marsh grasshopper in northern Germany for the periods 2020–39 and 2060–79. Our model shows modifications in the cost-effective spatial allocation of conservation me...
Diese Arbeit stellt als Beitrag zur aktuell intensiv diskutierten Frage, wie die Bestande gefahrd... more Diese Arbeit stellt als Beitrag zur aktuell intensiv diskutierten Frage, wie die Bestande gefahrdeter Offenlandarten erhalten werden konnen, die Reaktionen zweier Tierartengruppen auf die grosflachige Extensivbeweidung einer norddeutschen Flusstallandschaft vor. Dabei konnten mittels Bodenfallenfangen 141 Laufkaferarten ermittelt werden, deren Gemeinschaften sich durch den Bodentyp und die nutzungsbeeinflusste Vegetation voneinander abgrenzen. Der Vergleich unbeweideter und beweideter Standorte bestatigt die Hypothese, dass in Folge einer Extensivbeweidung der Artenreichtum erhoht ist. Innerhalb der untersuchten Lebensraumtypen zeigen viele lebensraumholde Arten signifikante Praferenzen fur eine beweidungsinduzierte Strukturierung ihres Lebensraumes. Am Beispiel der Elaphrinae wird auf die Habitatwahl z.T. stark gefahrdeter sympatrischer Arten eingegangen, bei denen u.a. Trittstellen habitatdeterminierend sind. Das Vorkommen der flachenhaft erfassten Feldheuschreckenarten ist von de...
Conservation Letters, 2021
Large carnivores are currently recolonizing Europe following legal protection, but increased mort... more Large carnivores are currently recolonizing Europe following legal protection, but increased mortality in landscapes highly impacted by humans may limit further population expansion. We analyzed mortality and disappearance rates of 35 wolves (of which three emigrated, nine died and 14 disappeared by 1 January 2020) by genetic monitoring in the heavily cultivated and densely populated Jutland peninsula (Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein, Germany). Annual traffic kill rate estimates ranged from 0.37 (95% CI: 0.11-0.85) to 0.78 (0.51-0.96) in the German part, equivalent to 0.08 (0.02-0.29)-0.25 (0.13-0.46) for the entire region, in the absence of any registered Danish roadkills. In Denmark, annual mortality rate estimates ranged from 0.46 (0.29-0.67) to 0.52 (0.35-0.71), predominantly from cryptic mortality. Despite successful reproductions, we conclude the region is a wolf population sink, primarily driven by cryptic mortality, most likely illegal killing. We hypothesize that frequent encounters between wolves and wolfaverse persecutors in cultivated landscapes may cause unsustainably high mortality rates despite the majority of hunters respecting protection laws. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conservation Genetics, 2016
Robust identification of species and significant evolutionary units (ESUs) is essential to implem... more Robust identification of species and significant evolutionary units (ESUs) is essential to implement appropriate conservation strategies for endangered species. However, definitions of species or ESUs are numerous and sometimes controversial, which might lead to biased conclusions, with serious consequences for the management of endangered species. The hazel dormouse, an arboreal rodent of conservation concern throughout Europe is an ideal model species to investigate the relevance of species identification for conservation purposes. This species is a member of the Gliridae family, which is protected in Europe and seriously threatened in the northern part of its range. We assessed the extent of genetic subdivision in the hazel dormouse by sequencing one mitochondrial gene (cytb) and two nuclear genes (BFIBR, APOB) and genotyping 10 autosomal microsatellites. These data were analysed using a combination of phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation methods. Multilocus analyses revealed the presence of two genetically distinct lineages (approximately 11 % cytb genetic divergence, no nuclear alleles shared) for the hazel dormouse in Europe, which presumably diverged during the Late Miocene. The phylogenetic patterns suggests that Muscardinus avellanarius populations could be split into two cryptic species respectively distributed in western and central-eastern Europe and
Pasture Landscapes and Nature Conservation, 2002
The Eidertal pasture landscape-Mire restoration and species conservation in a river valley of Sch... more The Eidertal pasture landscape-Mire restoration and species conservation in a river valley of Schleswig-Holstein (northwest Germany) Joachim Schrautzer', Kai Jensen'. Bettina Holsten'. Ullrich Irmler', Jan Kieckbusch'. Uwe Leiner". Christian Noell', Rolf Notzold', Heiner Reck' ...
Faunistisch-Ökologische Mitteilungen, 2021
In Schleswig-Holstein treten seit 2015 immer wieder Individuen der als invasiv eingestuften Chine... more In Schleswig-Holstein treten seit 2015 immer wieder Individuen der als invasiv eingestuften Chinesischen Muntjaks auf. Das Geschehen um die mutmaßlich il- legal freigelassene Population bei Kosel im Kreis Rendsburg-Eckernförde konn- te von den Autoren intensiver begleitet werden. Sie beschreiben die möglichen Hintergründe einer Freilassung, den Verbleib der Tiere, dabei bisher eingesetzte Fangmethoden und vorstellbare weitere Methoden sowie die potenziellen ökolo- gischen Auswirkungen von Muntjaks und die rechtlichen Hintergründe.
Faunistisch-Ökologische Mitteilungen, 2021
Im Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald wurden in der Nacht vom 21. auf den 22. Juli 2018 an verschieden... more Im Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald wurden in der Nacht vom 21. auf den 22. Juli 2018 an verschiedenen Stellen 21 Fotofallen zur Erfassung von Bir- kenmäusen (Sicista betulina) aufgestellt. Zwei Kameras haben erfolgreich Individuen der als schwierig zu erfassenden Art aufgenommen, wobei auf einer Kamera Birkenmäuse zwischen 23:19 Uhr und 04:47 Uhr insgesamt acht Mal erfasst wurden. Eine solche Nachweishäufigkeit ist bisher in der Literatur nicht beschrieben.
We provide the first records of the Oak bush-cricket Meconema thalassinum on the three German Nor... more We provide the first records of the Oak bush-cricket Meconema thalassinum on the three German North Sea geest islands Amrum, Fohr and Sylt, based on monitoring and citizen science. The presence of the Oak bush-cricket on these German islands is probably due to unintentional introduction.
Lynx new series
The hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) is a strictly arboreal species. In its European low... more The hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) is a strictly arboreal species. In its European lowland range, the forest coverage was heavily reduced during historical times, e.g. down to ca. 4% in the northern German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein in the 18th century. This low forest cover remained for 200 years. According to habitat models, hazel dormice cannot survive in the long-term in habitats with low levels of forest cover (<5–10%). To answer the question, how hazel dormouse populations survived in almost deforested areas the recent species distribution map for north-west Europe was analysed with a GIS-overlay of different habitat data. Additionally, historical maps for north-west Germany were analysed to find crucial historical landscape elements. The history of a site apparently influences the present status of hazel dormice. Forest cover of younger woodlands is still of importance but less determinant. Habitat tradition and continuity are important for habitat suit...
Lynx, new series, Dec 1, 2018
The hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) is a strictly arboreal species. In its European low... more The hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) is a strictly arboreal species. In its European lowland range, the forest coverage was heavily reduced during historical times, e.g. down to ca. 4% in the northern German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein in the 18th century. This low forest cover remained for 200 years. According to habitat models, hazel dormice cannot survive in the long-term in habitats with low levels of forest cover (<5-10%). To answer the question, how hazel dormouse populations survived in almost deforested areas the recent species distribution map for northwest Europe was analysed with a GIS-overlay of different habitat data. Additionally, historical maps for northwest Germany were analysed to find crucial historical landscape elements. The history of a site apparently influences the present status of hazel dormice. Forest cover of younger woodlands is still of importance but less determinant. Habitat tradition and continuity are important for habitat suitability for the hazel dormouse and identifying historical hedgerow systems and historical woodlands can help to find places with hitherto unknown presence of hazel dormouse. Apparently, for the hazel dormouse the lack of forest habitats in northwestern Europe was successfully compensated by the creation of a hedgerow network. Hedgerows function as a habitat by themselves, not just as a connecting structure. A density of 50 m continuous high quality and well-connected hedgerows per hectare seems to be a minimum for the survival of hazel dormice in northwest European landscapes. The preservation of ancient habitats and the restoration of new habitats as core habitats and connections is a key strategy to facilitate the long-term survival and re-colonisation of species.
Biodiversity and Conservation
Large scale extensive grazing and the habitats of Elaphrus uliginosus in comparison to other Elap... more Large scale extensive grazing and the habitats of Elaphrus uliginosus in comparison to other Elaphrinae in Schleswig-Holstein. - In the study area of the BMBF-funded project, th eso called “Upper Eider Valley Pastoral Landscapes”, investigations on carabid beetle communities have been carried out since the spring of 2000. All four species of the tribus Elaphrini (Elaphrus cupreus, E. riparius, E. uliginosus and Blethisa multipunctata) native to Schleswig-Holstein were found, two of which are endangered and rare in Schleswig-Holstein, as well as in Germany and Western Europe. We investigated the habitat preferences of these species, focussing on the influence of cattle grazing. To date very little is known about E. uliginosus. In the upper Eider valley the four species occur in seven types of biotopes that can be distinguished according to the percentage of bare soil, the soil-humidity and the vegetation structure. They all prefer bare and wet soil, but differ in their further requir...
Life-bombina.de Das Life-Projekt zum Schutz der Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) ist formell abgesc... more Life-bombina.de Das Life-Projekt zum Schutz der Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) ist formell abgeschlossen. In Schleswig-Holstein laufen allerdings weiterhin Maßnahmen in den Projektgebieten, wie die Fortsetzung der Unterstützungsaufzucht für die Populationen in den Bereichen Dänischer Wohld/Stodthagen und auf Fehmarn, sowie der Flächenerwerb und die Maßnahmenumsetzung für Rotbauchunkenpopulationen-auch außerhalb der Projektgebiete-mit den erprobten Methoden aus dem Life-Projekt. Dabei geht es langfristig um den Aufbau von Meta-Populationen innerhalb der fünf getrennt zu behandelnden Managementeinheiten "Geltinger Birk", "Dänischer Wohld", "Holsteiner Seen" "Fehmarn" und "Schaalseeregion". Die derzeitigen Teilpopulationen innerhalb der Managementeinheiten sind in der Regel durch große Distanzen und/oder ungeeignete Landnutzungen voneinander isoliert. Die Finanzierung erfolgt über das Ministerium für Landwirtschaft und Umwelt Schleswig-Holstein überwiegend aus dem ELER-Programm und über Ausgleichsprojekte der Ausgleichsagentur. www.Life-baltcoast.de Im Rahmen des Life BALTCOAST-Projektes wurden neben der Aktivierung ehemaliger Küstenlebensräume (Lagunen, Salzwiesen und Dünengebiete) auch aktive Wiederansiedlungen von Kreuz-und Wechselkröte (Bufo calamita, B. Viridis) gestartet. Aufgrund des trockenen Frühjahrs waren die Rufaktivitäten Anfang Mai niedriger als sonst. Am Schwansener See (Kreis Schleswig-Flensburg) wurden in dem weitgehend ausgetrockneten Laichgewässer nur 18 Männchen festgestellt (2010: ca. 60 Rufer). Ein in nur 200 m Entfernung mit Grundwasser flach überstauten Senke rief nur ein Tier. Die Reproduktion begann erst nach Regenfällen Anfang Juli in den dann wieder entstandenen temporären Gewässern. Der Reproduktionserfolg ist aufgrund der kühlen Witterung ungewiss. Eine ähnliche Situation war im Projektbereich Sehlendorfer Binnensee (Kreis Plön) zu beobachten. Hier wurde auf einem ehemaligen Campingplatz eine Kreuz-und Wechselkröten-Population wiederangesiedelt. Am 19.04.2011 riefen aus den vorjährigen Freilassungen 40 Wechselund 54 Kreuzkröten. Bei der durchgängig kühlen sommerlichen Witterung war offensichtlich nur ein Reproduktionserfolg der Wechselkröte zu verzeichnen. Bei einer Kontrollbegehung am 12.07.2011 konnten große Wechselkröten-Kaulquappen und nur wenige Tage alte Kreuzkröten-Kaulquappen festgestellt werden. Bei nachfolgenden nächtlichen Kontrollen konnten jedoch keine frisch metamorphosierte Jungtiere von Kreuz-oder Wechselkröte festgestellt werden.
Most of the northern German acridoids lay their egg-pods into the soil. The species occurring in ... more Most of the northern German acridoids lay their egg-pods into the soil. The species occurring in the investigation area "upper river Eider valley" showed different preferences in their choice of oviposition sites. Oviposition took place at certain habitat patches, that differed from the surrounding area and the adult habitats by higher portions of bare soil and lower vegetation. ln these patches up to 60 eggpods per 0,1 m' were found. Oviposition habitats are only rarely taken into account, though they differ significantly from the habitat of adult grasshoppers. lt is shown, that disturbances of the soil surface by small mammals, ants and cattle play an important role in providing suitable oviposition sites for many species e.g. Ch. apricarius and the endangered species Chorthippus montanus and Stethophyma grossum. ln contrast to previous investigations in the laboratory by various authors this paper presents results obtained in the field.
Q Open, 2022
Climate change has become a key threat to biodiversity. As a response to climate change, species ... more Climate change has become a key threat to biodiversity. As a response to climate change, species may adapt spatially (with range shifts) and temporally (with phenological adaptations), which may alter the impact of conservation measures. In cultural landscapes, where conservation often depends on specifically timed land use, climate change may also induce spatial changes in opportunity costs of conservation measures and with respect to their timing. Thus, previously cost-effectiveness conservation efforts may become less cost-effective. We develop a climate–ecological–economic model to investigate climate change-induced modifications of the cost-effective spatiotemporal allocation of conservation measures. We apply the model to a case study to investigate the cost-effectiveness of grassland measures to conserve the large marsh grasshopper in northern Germany for the periods 2020–39 and 2060–79. Our model shows modifications in the cost-effective spatial allocation of conservation me...
Diese Arbeit stellt als Beitrag zur aktuell intensiv diskutierten Frage, wie die Bestande gefahrd... more Diese Arbeit stellt als Beitrag zur aktuell intensiv diskutierten Frage, wie die Bestande gefahrdeter Offenlandarten erhalten werden konnen, die Reaktionen zweier Tierartengruppen auf die grosflachige Extensivbeweidung einer norddeutschen Flusstallandschaft vor. Dabei konnten mittels Bodenfallenfangen 141 Laufkaferarten ermittelt werden, deren Gemeinschaften sich durch den Bodentyp und die nutzungsbeeinflusste Vegetation voneinander abgrenzen. Der Vergleich unbeweideter und beweideter Standorte bestatigt die Hypothese, dass in Folge einer Extensivbeweidung der Artenreichtum erhoht ist. Innerhalb der untersuchten Lebensraumtypen zeigen viele lebensraumholde Arten signifikante Praferenzen fur eine beweidungsinduzierte Strukturierung ihres Lebensraumes. Am Beispiel der Elaphrinae wird auf die Habitatwahl z.T. stark gefahrdeter sympatrischer Arten eingegangen, bei denen u.a. Trittstellen habitatdeterminierend sind. Das Vorkommen der flachenhaft erfassten Feldheuschreckenarten ist von de...
Conservation Letters, 2021
Large carnivores are currently recolonizing Europe following legal protection, but increased mort... more Large carnivores are currently recolonizing Europe following legal protection, but increased mortality in landscapes highly impacted by humans may limit further population expansion. We analyzed mortality and disappearance rates of 35 wolves (of which three emigrated, nine died and 14 disappeared by 1 January 2020) by genetic monitoring in the heavily cultivated and densely populated Jutland peninsula (Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein, Germany). Annual traffic kill rate estimates ranged from 0.37 (95% CI: 0.11-0.85) to 0.78 (0.51-0.96) in the German part, equivalent to 0.08 (0.02-0.29)-0.25 (0.13-0.46) for the entire region, in the absence of any registered Danish roadkills. In Denmark, annual mortality rate estimates ranged from 0.46 (0.29-0.67) to 0.52 (0.35-0.71), predominantly from cryptic mortality. Despite successful reproductions, we conclude the region is a wolf population sink, primarily driven by cryptic mortality, most likely illegal killing. We hypothesize that frequent encounters between wolves and wolfaverse persecutors in cultivated landscapes may cause unsustainably high mortality rates despite the majority of hunters respecting protection laws. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conservation Genetics, 2016
Robust identification of species and significant evolutionary units (ESUs) is essential to implem... more Robust identification of species and significant evolutionary units (ESUs) is essential to implement appropriate conservation strategies for endangered species. However, definitions of species or ESUs are numerous and sometimes controversial, which might lead to biased conclusions, with serious consequences for the management of endangered species. The hazel dormouse, an arboreal rodent of conservation concern throughout Europe is an ideal model species to investigate the relevance of species identification for conservation purposes. This species is a member of the Gliridae family, which is protected in Europe and seriously threatened in the northern part of its range. We assessed the extent of genetic subdivision in the hazel dormouse by sequencing one mitochondrial gene (cytb) and two nuclear genes (BFIBR, APOB) and genotyping 10 autosomal microsatellites. These data were analysed using a combination of phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation methods. Multilocus analyses revealed the presence of two genetically distinct lineages (approximately 11 % cytb genetic divergence, no nuclear alleles shared) for the hazel dormouse in Europe, which presumably diverged during the Late Miocene. The phylogenetic patterns suggests that Muscardinus avellanarius populations could be split into two cryptic species respectively distributed in western and central-eastern Europe and
Pasture Landscapes and Nature Conservation, 2002
The Eidertal pasture landscape-Mire restoration and species conservation in a river valley of Sch... more The Eidertal pasture landscape-Mire restoration and species conservation in a river valley of Schleswig-Holstein (northwest Germany) Joachim Schrautzer', Kai Jensen'. Bettina Holsten'. Ullrich Irmler', Jan Kieckbusch'. Uwe Leiner". Christian Noell', Rolf Notzold', Heiner Reck' ...
Faunistisch-Ökologische Mitteilungen, 2021
In Schleswig-Holstein treten seit 2015 immer wieder Individuen der als invasiv eingestuften Chine... more In Schleswig-Holstein treten seit 2015 immer wieder Individuen der als invasiv eingestuften Chinesischen Muntjaks auf. Das Geschehen um die mutmaßlich il- legal freigelassene Population bei Kosel im Kreis Rendsburg-Eckernförde konn- te von den Autoren intensiver begleitet werden. Sie beschreiben die möglichen Hintergründe einer Freilassung, den Verbleib der Tiere, dabei bisher eingesetzte Fangmethoden und vorstellbare weitere Methoden sowie die potenziellen ökolo- gischen Auswirkungen von Muntjaks und die rechtlichen Hintergründe.
Faunistisch-Ökologische Mitteilungen, 2021
Im Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald wurden in der Nacht vom 21. auf den 22. Juli 2018 an verschieden... more Im Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald wurden in der Nacht vom 21. auf den 22. Juli 2018 an verschiedenen Stellen 21 Fotofallen zur Erfassung von Bir- kenmäusen (Sicista betulina) aufgestellt. Zwei Kameras haben erfolgreich Individuen der als schwierig zu erfassenden Art aufgenommen, wobei auf einer Kamera Birkenmäuse zwischen 23:19 Uhr und 04:47 Uhr insgesamt acht Mal erfasst wurden. Eine solche Nachweishäufigkeit ist bisher in der Literatur nicht beschrieben.
We provide the first records of the Oak bush-cricket Meconema thalassinum on the three German Nor... more We provide the first records of the Oak bush-cricket Meconema thalassinum on the three German North Sea geest islands Amrum, Fohr and Sylt, based on monitoring and citizen science. The presence of the Oak bush-cricket on these German islands is probably due to unintentional introduction.
Lynx new series
The hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) is a strictly arboreal species. In its European low... more The hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) is a strictly arboreal species. In its European lowland range, the forest coverage was heavily reduced during historical times, e.g. down to ca. 4% in the northern German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein in the 18th century. This low forest cover remained for 200 years. According to habitat models, hazel dormice cannot survive in the long-term in habitats with low levels of forest cover (<5–10%). To answer the question, how hazel dormouse populations survived in almost deforested areas the recent species distribution map for north-west Europe was analysed with a GIS-overlay of different habitat data. Additionally, historical maps for north-west Germany were analysed to find crucial historical landscape elements. The history of a site apparently influences the present status of hazel dormice. Forest cover of younger woodlands is still of importance but less determinant. Habitat tradition and continuity are important for habitat suit...
Lynx, new series, Dec 1, 2018
The hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) is a strictly arboreal species. In its European low... more The hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) is a strictly arboreal species. In its European lowland range, the forest coverage was heavily reduced during historical times, e.g. down to ca. 4% in the northern German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein in the 18th century. This low forest cover remained for 200 years. According to habitat models, hazel dormice cannot survive in the long-term in habitats with low levels of forest cover (<5-10%). To answer the question, how hazel dormouse populations survived in almost deforested areas the recent species distribution map for northwest Europe was analysed with a GIS-overlay of different habitat data. Additionally, historical maps for northwest Germany were analysed to find crucial historical landscape elements. The history of a site apparently influences the present status of hazel dormice. Forest cover of younger woodlands is still of importance but less determinant. Habitat tradition and continuity are important for habitat suitability for the hazel dormouse and identifying historical hedgerow systems and historical woodlands can help to find places with hitherto unknown presence of hazel dormouse. Apparently, for the hazel dormouse the lack of forest habitats in northwestern Europe was successfully compensated by the creation of a hedgerow network. Hedgerows function as a habitat by themselves, not just as a connecting structure. A density of 50 m continuous high quality and well-connected hedgerows per hectare seems to be a minimum for the survival of hazel dormice in northwest European landscapes. The preservation of ancient habitats and the restoration of new habitats as core habitats and connections is a key strategy to facilitate the long-term survival and re-colonisation of species.
Biodiversity and Conservation
Large scale extensive grazing and the habitats of Elaphrus uliginosus in comparison to other Elap... more Large scale extensive grazing and the habitats of Elaphrus uliginosus in comparison to other Elaphrinae in Schleswig-Holstein. - In the study area of the BMBF-funded project, th eso called “Upper Eider Valley Pastoral Landscapes”, investigations on carabid beetle communities have been carried out since the spring of 2000. All four species of the tribus Elaphrini (Elaphrus cupreus, E. riparius, E. uliginosus and Blethisa multipunctata) native to Schleswig-Holstein were found, two of which are endangered and rare in Schleswig-Holstein, as well as in Germany and Western Europe. We investigated the habitat preferences of these species, focussing on the influence of cattle grazing. To date very little is known about E. uliginosus. In the upper Eider valley the four species occur in seven types of biotopes that can be distinguished according to the percentage of bare soil, the soil-humidity and the vegetation structure. They all prefer bare and wet soil, but differ in their further requir...
Life-bombina.de Das Life-Projekt zum Schutz der Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) ist formell abgesc... more Life-bombina.de Das Life-Projekt zum Schutz der Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) ist formell abgeschlossen. In Schleswig-Holstein laufen allerdings weiterhin Maßnahmen in den Projektgebieten, wie die Fortsetzung der Unterstützungsaufzucht für die Populationen in den Bereichen Dänischer Wohld/Stodthagen und auf Fehmarn, sowie der Flächenerwerb und die Maßnahmenumsetzung für Rotbauchunkenpopulationen-auch außerhalb der Projektgebiete-mit den erprobten Methoden aus dem Life-Projekt. Dabei geht es langfristig um den Aufbau von Meta-Populationen innerhalb der fünf getrennt zu behandelnden Managementeinheiten "Geltinger Birk", "Dänischer Wohld", "Holsteiner Seen" "Fehmarn" und "Schaalseeregion". Die derzeitigen Teilpopulationen innerhalb der Managementeinheiten sind in der Regel durch große Distanzen und/oder ungeeignete Landnutzungen voneinander isoliert. Die Finanzierung erfolgt über das Ministerium für Landwirtschaft und Umwelt Schleswig-Holstein überwiegend aus dem ELER-Programm und über Ausgleichsprojekte der Ausgleichsagentur. www.Life-baltcoast.de Im Rahmen des Life BALTCOAST-Projektes wurden neben der Aktivierung ehemaliger Küstenlebensräume (Lagunen, Salzwiesen und Dünengebiete) auch aktive Wiederansiedlungen von Kreuz-und Wechselkröte (Bufo calamita, B. Viridis) gestartet. Aufgrund des trockenen Frühjahrs waren die Rufaktivitäten Anfang Mai niedriger als sonst. Am Schwansener See (Kreis Schleswig-Flensburg) wurden in dem weitgehend ausgetrockneten Laichgewässer nur 18 Männchen festgestellt (2010: ca. 60 Rufer). Ein in nur 200 m Entfernung mit Grundwasser flach überstauten Senke rief nur ein Tier. Die Reproduktion begann erst nach Regenfällen Anfang Juli in den dann wieder entstandenen temporären Gewässern. Der Reproduktionserfolg ist aufgrund der kühlen Witterung ungewiss. Eine ähnliche Situation war im Projektbereich Sehlendorfer Binnensee (Kreis Plön) zu beobachten. Hier wurde auf einem ehemaligen Campingplatz eine Kreuz-und Wechselkröten-Population wiederangesiedelt. Am 19.04.2011 riefen aus den vorjährigen Freilassungen 40 Wechselund 54 Kreuzkröten. Bei der durchgängig kühlen sommerlichen Witterung war offensichtlich nur ein Reproduktionserfolg der Wechselkröte zu verzeichnen. Bei einer Kontrollbegehung am 12.07.2011 konnten große Wechselkröten-Kaulquappen und nur wenige Tage alte Kreuzkröten-Kaulquappen festgestellt werden. Bei nachfolgenden nächtlichen Kontrollen konnten jedoch keine frisch metamorphosierte Jungtiere von Kreuz-oder Wechselkröte festgestellt werden.
Most of the northern German acridoids lay their egg-pods into the soil. The species occurring in ... more Most of the northern German acridoids lay their egg-pods into the soil. The species occurring in the investigation area "upper river Eider valley" showed different preferences in their choice of oviposition sites. Oviposition took place at certain habitat patches, that differed from the surrounding area and the adult habitats by higher portions of bare soil and lower vegetation. ln these patches up to 60 eggpods per 0,1 m' were found. Oviposition habitats are only rarely taken into account, though they differ significantly from the habitat of adult grasshoppers. lt is shown, that disturbances of the soil surface by small mammals, ants and cattle play an important role in providing suitable oviposition sites for many species e.g. Ch. apricarius and the endangered species Chorthippus montanus and Stethophyma grossum. ln contrast to previous investigations in the laboratory by various authors this paper presents results obtained in the field.