Bogusław Michalec - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Bogusław Michalec
Environment Protection Engineering, 2008
The impact of operational changes of small reservoirs on the coefficient of capacity and silting ... more The impact of operational changes of small reservoirs on the coefficient of capacity and silting ratio was described. The dependence of the mean annual silting ratio on the capacity-inflow ratio α, which was approximated by an exponent function, was established based on silting investigations carried out by STANOWSKI [9] for five large dam reservoirs, i.e. Solina, Goczałkowice, Tresna, Porąbka and Rożnów. The reservoirs are located in the catchment area of the upper Vistula. The silting intensity was described by the mean annual silting ratio. The silting investigations of these dam water reservoirs permitted the determination of changes in the silting ratio in consecutive years of the reservoir operation. Two small water reservoirs (Krempna on the River Wisłok and Zesławice on the River Dłubnia) helped prove that reservoir operational changes due to reconstruction influence the capacity-inflow ratio with this value significantly affecting silting intensity and the intensity of capacity reduction.
Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 2014
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń zdolności małych zbiorników wodnych do zatrzymania rumowisk... more W pracy przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń zdolności małych zbiorników wodnych do zatrzymania rumowiska (β). Do analiz wytypowano dziewięć małych zbiorników wodnych znajdujących się w dorzeczu górnej Wisły. Zdolność ta została określona na podstawie bilansu rumowiska i porównana z wynikami obliczeń metodą Brune'a i jej modyfikacjami, opracowanymi przez Gilla, Heinemanna oraz Jothiprakasha i Garga. Stwierdzono, że istnieje możliwość zastosowania tych metod do wyznaczenia początkowej zdolności małych zbiorników do zatrzymywania rumowiska. Metody te mogą mieć zastosowanie w przypadku małych zbiorników, których współczynnik pojemności jest większy od 1%. Stwierdzono również, że wyniki obliczeń zdolności do zatrzymywania rumowiska w kolejnych latach eksploatacji małych zbiorników wodnych wykonane za pomocą metody Brune'a i wzorów Gilla, Heinemanna oraz Jothiprakasha i Garga nie odpowiadają rzeczywistej zdolności, oznaczonej symbolem β rz i określonej na podstawie bilansu rumowiska. Poddane ocenie metody
Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape, 2021
The aim of the study was to determine the capacity of a selected section of the Sanna river, desi... more The aim of the study was to determine the capacity of a selected section of the Sanna river, designated below the lower site of the weir in Zaklików. The capacity calculations included the conditions of flood water discharge, i.e. the reliable flow and the control flow, determined in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment on technical conditions that should be ensured for the hydrotechnical structures and their locations. The paper presents the consequences of changes in the regulations regarding the determination of building type, for which reliable flow and control discharges are determined. These modifications in the regulations have an impact on changes in the determination of the probability value for water discharges related to the analysed weir. The calculation of the capacity of the tested section also took into account its technical condition, specifying the variant of calculations for the lack of maintenance works, i.e. for the current state and ...
Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 2012
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Formatio Circumiectus, 2019
Aim of the study The paper presents the results of studies carried out in the channel of the Będk... more Aim of the study The paper presents the results of studies carried out in the channel of the Będkówka stream that were to assess the influence of large roughness elements on the change of value of roughness and resistance coefficients. Material and methods In a stream section selected for the study nine measurement cross-sections were designated and in three of them large roughness elements were present. Dimensionless resistance coefficient (λ) was calculated from the Colebrook-White equation. Results and conclusions It was stated that in the cross-sections, where large roughness elements were present, the values of water flow velocity, resistance coefficients, as well as roughness coefficients are higher than in other cross-sections. Also, the sectional cover coefficient (ω) and the degree of change of roughness coefficient Δn were calculated. Regressive dependency Δn = f(ω) of assessment of the hydraulic conditions of water flow change, which is expressed with the change of roughness coefficient was defined.
Prediction of reservoir silting should also determine distribution of bottom sediments. Existing ... more Prediction of reservoir silting should also determine distribution of bottom sediments. Existing methods of predicting sediment distribution most frequently concern large reservoirs. In result of many-year measurements of silting of the reservoir at Krempna on the Wisłoka river the rate of its capacity reduction was determined. Results of silting measurements allowed for an assessment of distribution of sediment trapped in the reservoir. Distribution of the reservoir bottom sediments was described by Dendy's method and potential application of Roseboom-Annandale method for predicting sediment distribution in a small reservoir was estimated. Computations using the field data on sediment volume deposited in individual segments of the reservoir at Krempna were conducted to verify Roseboom-Annandale method. Basing on sediment volume trapped in the reservoir the degree of its silting was calculated for subsequent years of its operation. On this basis the rate of silting the reservoir...
Water, 2015
Understanding and defining the spatial distribution of sediment deposited in reservoirs is essent... more Understanding and defining the spatial distribution of sediment deposited in reservoirs is essential not only at the design stage but also during the operation. The majority of research concerns the distribution of sediment deposition in medium and large water reservoirs. Most empirical methods do not provide satisfactory results when applied to the determination of sediment deposition in small reservoirs. Small reservoir's volumes do not exceed 5 × 10 6 m 3 and their capacity-inflow ratio is less than 10%. Long-term silting measurements of three small reservoirs were used to evaluate the method described by Rahmanian and Banihashemi for predicting sediment distributions in small reservoirs. Rahmanian and Banihashemi stated that their model of distribution of sediment deposition in water reservoir works well for a long duration operation. In the presented study, the silting rate was used in order to determine the long duration operation. Silting rate is a quotient of volume of the sediment deposited in the reservoir and its original volume. It was stated that when the silting rate had reached 50%, the sediment deposition in the reservoir may be described by an empirical reservoir depth shape function (RDSF).
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation, 2008
Determination of conditions of suspended sediment transport in river and water reservoir. The car... more Determination of conditions of suspended sediment transport in river and water reservoir. The carried out measurement of waters fl ow and suspended sediment concentration in the river Wisłoka and the small water reservoir at Krempna constituted the basis of determination of conditions of suspended load transport at low water fl ow according to van Rijn's criteria (1984). The results of measurements carried out in the river and in the reservoir permitted elaboration of profi les of suspended sediment concentration C a on the reference level "a". The reference level was established according to van Rijn's methods. In the river the reference level was adopted as 0.5 of the diameter of the biggest particle, and in the water reservoir 0.01 of elevation in a given hydrometric vertical. Measurement were performed at a fl ow equalling 0.89 m 3 ⋅s-1. Concentration C a in the river in fi ve hydrometric verticals, determined from the concentration profi le, ranged from 11.4 to 25.3 g⋅m-3. The concentration value, calculated according to van Rijn's formula was within the range 11.2-36.5 g⋅m-3 and the average it was over 26% higher than that determined from the concentration profi le. In the water reservoir concentration measurements were performed in appointed verticals in eight cross-sections. At a fl ow 0.89 m 3 ⋅s-1 in the water reservoir critical bed shear velocities causing movement of bottom material will not be exceeded. The calculated stage transport parameter (T) equaled from-0.9961 to-0.9996 in particular verticals of cross-sections. With regard to the negative values of the stage transport parameter (T) it proved impossible to calculate concentration C a in the reservoir by use of the van Rijn's formula.
Soil Health and Land Use Management, 2012
Silting of reservoirs is a very complex process of entrainment, transport and deposition of sedim... more Silting of reservoirs is a very complex process of entrainment, transport and deposition of sediment in reservoir basins, which has major impacts and several effects on river system and its environment (Batuca & Jordaan, 2000). The silting process is initiated when the river damming is completed and ends when the reservoir basin is completely filled with sediment. The silting process is naturally caused and anthropically influenced and the prevention of the original state of the reservoir is impossible. Silting of water reservoirs is one of the main factor limiting their proper operation. Erosion processes in catchment basins are the factor limiting the lifetime of water reservoirs. Considerable amount of erosion products coming into the reservoirs is transported and supplied into reservoirs where it is deposited. Together with trapped small fraction of sediment, organic and inorganic compounds including heavy metals, are also deposited. Quantity of heavy metals concentration in water reservoir sediments is regarded as the environmental pollution index. Heavy metals are treated as elementary pollution commonly distributed in natural environment and their concentration corresponds with natural concentrations whose natural source in minerals or soils (O' Neil, 1993). However increase in concentration value of heavy metals in the environment grow at a considerable extent within the latest decades due to human activity (Preuss & Kollman, 1974; Prater, 1975). Determination of sediment quantity ant their quality is especially vital in causes of small water reservoirs. This is due to the specificity of the silting process characterized by considerable intensity which can be expressed by means of the annual silting intensity ratio. According to Hartung [1959] the mean annual reservoir capacity loss in the case of the big reservoirs is 0.25%, of medium reservoir 0.5%, and of small ones 3,0%. According to Lara and Pemberton's criterion (1963) large water reservoirs are characterized by capacity exceeding 1 km 3 , capacity of medium water reservoirs exceeds 0.1 km 3 , whereas, small ones are objects of some thousand m 3 capacity. In Poland ("Program of small retention…" 2004) and in Romania (Batuca & Jordaan, 2000) small water reservoirs are distinguished as water bodies of capacity below 5 million m 3. In Great Britain, on the other hand, an object of small capacity less than 1 million m 3 which closes a catchment area below 25 km 2 is regard as a small water reservoir (White et al., 1996). According to World Commission on Reservoirs (Sawunyama, 2005) small reservoir capacity equals from 50 thousand m 3 to 1 million m 3 .
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation, 2009
Flood threat to the territories below the water dam in conditions of occurrence of extreme hydrol... more Flood threat to the territories below the water dam in conditions of occurrence of extreme hydrological phenomena The course of the flood in July 2001 and passage of the freshet wave through the water reservoir Chańcza on the Czarna Staszowska River was analyzed. Culmination of this wave equaling 418.62 m3·s-1 was two times higher than the estimated flow of 1% probability for what the reservoir was designed. Water management during the flood forced a higher than forecast water discharge during culmination. The paper aims at determination of water level situation on the territory at maximum water discharge from the reservoir during the flood equaling 122.75 m3·s-1 and showing possibilities of flood threat reduction. The range of the inundation zone at this discharge flow on the territory below the dam at the length of 3 km was determined taking into regard the influence of vegetation in the valley and in the zone adjacent the channel and bridge. The cause of inundation of the valley ...
Environmental Engineering Research, 2021
The paper presents an attempt to forecast heavy metal pollution of sediments of four designed res... more The paper presents an attempt to forecast heavy metal pollution of sediments of four designed reservoirs in southern Poland. For this purpose, concentration of dissolved heavy metals (lead, cadmium and nickel) was determined in water of watercourses on which the designed reservoirs will be constructed and also in sediments and water flowing into six reservoirs that are already in use. Based on the results of the heavy metal concentrations of six exploited reservoirs, a relationship was developed between heavy metal concentration in the sediment as a function of the concentration of these metals in the inflowing water. Using these relationships, the forecast concentrations of these metals in the sediments of the designed reservoirs were estimated. The mean concentrations of these metals in the planned reservoirs were 20.5 mg. kg-1 for lead, 3.4 mg. kg-1 for cadmium and 14.8 mg. kg-1 for nickel. No dangerous pollution of analyzed metal of water inflows to the planned reservoirs was fo...
Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape, 2021
The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of two small bridges located withi... more The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of two small bridges located within the main 'R' ditch of the Łączany drainage system on the capacity of the selected fragment of this ditch. A fragment of the 'R' ditch was selected for the study, 311.7 m long, with two small bridges (bridge No. 1 at km 3 + 455 and bridge No. 2 at km 3 + 365) and 11 crosssections. Having conducted hydraulic calculations, the capacity of the selected fragment of the ditch was ascertained, assuming the base flow (reliable discharge) determined in the detailed design of the drainage system. The base flow, amounting to 9.77 m 3 • s-1 , was also used to determine water damming in the examined bridges in accordance with the Regulation by the Minister of Transport and Maritime Economy. As a result of geodetic measurements, changes in the shape of the cross-sections of the ditch and changes to the bottom slope within the tested segment of the ditch were found. It was established that under the conditions of proper maintenance of the ditch, its capacity is not lower than the base flow. However, if the maintenance is neglected, the area before bridge No. 1 will be flooded, which is the result of the lowered capacity of the ditch. It was also found that the examined bridges did not contribute to the deterioration of the conditions of the base flow water through the ditch in the analysed fragment thereof.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Formatio Circumiectus, 2019
Aim of the study In this paper we attempt to determine the sediment flow conditions in the draina... more Aim of the study In this paper we attempt to determine the sediment flow conditions in the drainage system of the barrage in Łączany on the Wisła (Vistula) river. To this end, the distribution of suspended sediment concentration in the cross-sections of draining ditches was developed; the concentration profiles of suspended sediment in individual cross-sections of the main ditch were elaborated; and the assessment of the concentration variation in the concentration profiles in the determined cross-sections on the entire length of the main drainage ditch R in the drainage system Łączany was carried out. Material and methods Four measurement cross-sections p-1, p-2, p-5 and p-7 were determined in the ditch R of the system, and three measurement cross-sections were determined on the tributaries to the ditch R. Point measurements of volumetric concentration of suspended sediment in cross-sections were conducted in accordance with the methodology of water sampling using bottle bathometers. Measurements were also made across the entire cross-section using a pre-calibrated Portable Suspended Solids Monitor 740 instrument produced by Partech company. The results of these measurements enabled the determination of the correction factor (k) for each of the measurement cross-sections. Results and conclusions It was found that the values of this coefficient (k) range from 1.188 to 1.328, which means that in calculations of suspended sediment transport in the ditches of the drainage system, tested using the so-called normal method, it is necessary to take into account the variation of concentration of this sediment in the cross-section of the ditch. The differences in the volume concentration of suspended sediment in hydrometric divisions (verticals) were also found. These concentrations, measured in surface layers, regardless of the height of vertical filling, represented on average about 60% of the value of the concentration measured in bottom layers of the verticals, i.e. about 5 cm above the bottom
Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape, 2020
This paper presents the concept for the location of two dry water reservoirs designed to retain w... more This paper presents the concept for the location of two dry water reservoirs designed to retain water led through the main ditch (R) of the drainage system in Łączany. The purpose of the work is to develop a forecast for the reduction in the capacity of planned dry water reservoirs. Planned water reservoirs will allow increasing flood protection of drained areas. Based on geodetic measurements in the selected locations, the capacity of planned dry reservoirs was determined, amounting to 4.08 and 115.49 thousand m 3 , respectively for the U reservoir formed from the flood relief channel, and the R reservoir, located in the lower course of the R ditch. According to the developed forecast, applying the Gončarov formula, the U reservoir would be 50% silted after 134 years, and the R reservoir would be 50% silted after 149 years. The forecast has been prepared using the method recommended by the guidelines, i.e. it was developed as for reservoirs with constant water damming (accumulation). TE values determined using the Churchill method were adopted in the silting forecast. The estimated forecast indicates a long service life of the reservoirs without the need for their desilting. However, the development of a detailed forecast would require a modification of the calculation methodology, taking into account the determination of the capacity of water reservoirs to retain bed load, typical of dry water reservoirs. In the absence of the method, determination of the service life cycle of water reservoirs can be developed as an estimate.
Environment Protection Engineering, 2008
The impact of operational changes of small reservoirs on the coefficient of capacity and silting ... more The impact of operational changes of small reservoirs on the coefficient of capacity and silting ratio was described. The dependence of the mean annual silting ratio on the capacity-inflow ratio α, which was approximated by an exponent function, was established based on silting investigations carried out by STANOWSKI [9] for five large dam reservoirs, i.e. Solina, Goczałkowice, Tresna, Porąbka and Rożnów. The reservoirs are located in the catchment area of the upper Vistula. The silting intensity was described by the mean annual silting ratio. The silting investigations of these dam water reservoirs permitted the determination of changes in the silting ratio in consecutive years of the reservoir operation. Two small water reservoirs (Krempna on the River Wisłok and Zesławice on the River Dłubnia) helped prove that reservoir operational changes due to reconstruction influence the capacity-inflow ratio with this value significantly affecting silting intensity and the intensity of capacity reduction.
Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 2014
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń zdolności małych zbiorników wodnych do zatrzymania rumowisk... more W pracy przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń zdolności małych zbiorników wodnych do zatrzymania rumowiska (β). Do analiz wytypowano dziewięć małych zbiorników wodnych znajdujących się w dorzeczu górnej Wisły. Zdolność ta została określona na podstawie bilansu rumowiska i porównana z wynikami obliczeń metodą Brune'a i jej modyfikacjami, opracowanymi przez Gilla, Heinemanna oraz Jothiprakasha i Garga. Stwierdzono, że istnieje możliwość zastosowania tych metod do wyznaczenia początkowej zdolności małych zbiorników do zatrzymywania rumowiska. Metody te mogą mieć zastosowanie w przypadku małych zbiorników, których współczynnik pojemności jest większy od 1%. Stwierdzono również, że wyniki obliczeń zdolności do zatrzymywania rumowiska w kolejnych latach eksploatacji małych zbiorników wodnych wykonane za pomocą metody Brune'a i wzorów Gilla, Heinemanna oraz Jothiprakasha i Garga nie odpowiadają rzeczywistej zdolności, oznaczonej symbolem β rz i określonej na podstawie bilansu rumowiska. Poddane ocenie metody
Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape, 2021
The aim of the study was to determine the capacity of a selected section of the Sanna river, desi... more The aim of the study was to determine the capacity of a selected section of the Sanna river, designated below the lower site of the weir in Zaklików. The capacity calculations included the conditions of flood water discharge, i.e. the reliable flow and the control flow, determined in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment on technical conditions that should be ensured for the hydrotechnical structures and their locations. The paper presents the consequences of changes in the regulations regarding the determination of building type, for which reliable flow and control discharges are determined. These modifications in the regulations have an impact on changes in the determination of the probability value for water discharges related to the analysed weir. The calculation of the capacity of the tested section also took into account its technical condition, specifying the variant of calculations for the lack of maintenance works, i.e. for the current state and ...
Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 2012
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Formatio Circumiectus, 2019
Aim of the study The paper presents the results of studies carried out in the channel of the Będk... more Aim of the study The paper presents the results of studies carried out in the channel of the Będkówka stream that were to assess the influence of large roughness elements on the change of value of roughness and resistance coefficients. Material and methods In a stream section selected for the study nine measurement cross-sections were designated and in three of them large roughness elements were present. Dimensionless resistance coefficient (λ) was calculated from the Colebrook-White equation. Results and conclusions It was stated that in the cross-sections, where large roughness elements were present, the values of water flow velocity, resistance coefficients, as well as roughness coefficients are higher than in other cross-sections. Also, the sectional cover coefficient (ω) and the degree of change of roughness coefficient Δn were calculated. Regressive dependency Δn = f(ω) of assessment of the hydraulic conditions of water flow change, which is expressed with the change of roughness coefficient was defined.
Prediction of reservoir silting should also determine distribution of bottom sediments. Existing ... more Prediction of reservoir silting should also determine distribution of bottom sediments. Existing methods of predicting sediment distribution most frequently concern large reservoirs. In result of many-year measurements of silting of the reservoir at Krempna on the Wisłoka river the rate of its capacity reduction was determined. Results of silting measurements allowed for an assessment of distribution of sediment trapped in the reservoir. Distribution of the reservoir bottom sediments was described by Dendy's method and potential application of Roseboom-Annandale method for predicting sediment distribution in a small reservoir was estimated. Computations using the field data on sediment volume deposited in individual segments of the reservoir at Krempna were conducted to verify Roseboom-Annandale method. Basing on sediment volume trapped in the reservoir the degree of its silting was calculated for subsequent years of its operation. On this basis the rate of silting the reservoir...
Water, 2015
Understanding and defining the spatial distribution of sediment deposited in reservoirs is essent... more Understanding and defining the spatial distribution of sediment deposited in reservoirs is essential not only at the design stage but also during the operation. The majority of research concerns the distribution of sediment deposition in medium and large water reservoirs. Most empirical methods do not provide satisfactory results when applied to the determination of sediment deposition in small reservoirs. Small reservoir's volumes do not exceed 5 × 10 6 m 3 and their capacity-inflow ratio is less than 10%. Long-term silting measurements of three small reservoirs were used to evaluate the method described by Rahmanian and Banihashemi for predicting sediment distributions in small reservoirs. Rahmanian and Banihashemi stated that their model of distribution of sediment deposition in water reservoir works well for a long duration operation. In the presented study, the silting rate was used in order to determine the long duration operation. Silting rate is a quotient of volume of the sediment deposited in the reservoir and its original volume. It was stated that when the silting rate had reached 50%, the sediment deposition in the reservoir may be described by an empirical reservoir depth shape function (RDSF).
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation, 2008
Determination of conditions of suspended sediment transport in river and water reservoir. The car... more Determination of conditions of suspended sediment transport in river and water reservoir. The carried out measurement of waters fl ow and suspended sediment concentration in the river Wisłoka and the small water reservoir at Krempna constituted the basis of determination of conditions of suspended load transport at low water fl ow according to van Rijn's criteria (1984). The results of measurements carried out in the river and in the reservoir permitted elaboration of profi les of suspended sediment concentration C a on the reference level "a". The reference level was established according to van Rijn's methods. In the river the reference level was adopted as 0.5 of the diameter of the biggest particle, and in the water reservoir 0.01 of elevation in a given hydrometric vertical. Measurement were performed at a fl ow equalling 0.89 m 3 ⋅s-1. Concentration C a in the river in fi ve hydrometric verticals, determined from the concentration profi le, ranged from 11.4 to 25.3 g⋅m-3. The concentration value, calculated according to van Rijn's formula was within the range 11.2-36.5 g⋅m-3 and the average it was over 26% higher than that determined from the concentration profi le. In the water reservoir concentration measurements were performed in appointed verticals in eight cross-sections. At a fl ow 0.89 m 3 ⋅s-1 in the water reservoir critical bed shear velocities causing movement of bottom material will not be exceeded. The calculated stage transport parameter (T) equaled from-0.9961 to-0.9996 in particular verticals of cross-sections. With regard to the negative values of the stage transport parameter (T) it proved impossible to calculate concentration C a in the reservoir by use of the van Rijn's formula.
Soil Health and Land Use Management, 2012
Silting of reservoirs is a very complex process of entrainment, transport and deposition of sedim... more Silting of reservoirs is a very complex process of entrainment, transport and deposition of sediment in reservoir basins, which has major impacts and several effects on river system and its environment (Batuca & Jordaan, 2000). The silting process is initiated when the river damming is completed and ends when the reservoir basin is completely filled with sediment. The silting process is naturally caused and anthropically influenced and the prevention of the original state of the reservoir is impossible. Silting of water reservoirs is one of the main factor limiting their proper operation. Erosion processes in catchment basins are the factor limiting the lifetime of water reservoirs. Considerable amount of erosion products coming into the reservoirs is transported and supplied into reservoirs where it is deposited. Together with trapped small fraction of sediment, organic and inorganic compounds including heavy metals, are also deposited. Quantity of heavy metals concentration in water reservoir sediments is regarded as the environmental pollution index. Heavy metals are treated as elementary pollution commonly distributed in natural environment and their concentration corresponds with natural concentrations whose natural source in minerals or soils (O' Neil, 1993). However increase in concentration value of heavy metals in the environment grow at a considerable extent within the latest decades due to human activity (Preuss & Kollman, 1974; Prater, 1975). Determination of sediment quantity ant their quality is especially vital in causes of small water reservoirs. This is due to the specificity of the silting process characterized by considerable intensity which can be expressed by means of the annual silting intensity ratio. According to Hartung [1959] the mean annual reservoir capacity loss in the case of the big reservoirs is 0.25%, of medium reservoir 0.5%, and of small ones 3,0%. According to Lara and Pemberton's criterion (1963) large water reservoirs are characterized by capacity exceeding 1 km 3 , capacity of medium water reservoirs exceeds 0.1 km 3 , whereas, small ones are objects of some thousand m 3 capacity. In Poland ("Program of small retention…" 2004) and in Romania (Batuca & Jordaan, 2000) small water reservoirs are distinguished as water bodies of capacity below 5 million m 3. In Great Britain, on the other hand, an object of small capacity less than 1 million m 3 which closes a catchment area below 25 km 2 is regard as a small water reservoir (White et al., 1996). According to World Commission on Reservoirs (Sawunyama, 2005) small reservoir capacity equals from 50 thousand m 3 to 1 million m 3 .
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation, 2009
Flood threat to the territories below the water dam in conditions of occurrence of extreme hydrol... more Flood threat to the territories below the water dam in conditions of occurrence of extreme hydrological phenomena The course of the flood in July 2001 and passage of the freshet wave through the water reservoir Chańcza on the Czarna Staszowska River was analyzed. Culmination of this wave equaling 418.62 m3·s-1 was two times higher than the estimated flow of 1% probability for what the reservoir was designed. Water management during the flood forced a higher than forecast water discharge during culmination. The paper aims at determination of water level situation on the territory at maximum water discharge from the reservoir during the flood equaling 122.75 m3·s-1 and showing possibilities of flood threat reduction. The range of the inundation zone at this discharge flow on the territory below the dam at the length of 3 km was determined taking into regard the influence of vegetation in the valley and in the zone adjacent the channel and bridge. The cause of inundation of the valley ...
Environmental Engineering Research, 2021
The paper presents an attempt to forecast heavy metal pollution of sediments of four designed res... more The paper presents an attempt to forecast heavy metal pollution of sediments of four designed reservoirs in southern Poland. For this purpose, concentration of dissolved heavy metals (lead, cadmium and nickel) was determined in water of watercourses on which the designed reservoirs will be constructed and also in sediments and water flowing into six reservoirs that are already in use. Based on the results of the heavy metal concentrations of six exploited reservoirs, a relationship was developed between heavy metal concentration in the sediment as a function of the concentration of these metals in the inflowing water. Using these relationships, the forecast concentrations of these metals in the sediments of the designed reservoirs were estimated. The mean concentrations of these metals in the planned reservoirs were 20.5 mg. kg-1 for lead, 3.4 mg. kg-1 for cadmium and 14.8 mg. kg-1 for nickel. No dangerous pollution of analyzed metal of water inflows to the planned reservoirs was fo...
Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape, 2021
The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of two small bridges located withi... more The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of two small bridges located within the main 'R' ditch of the Łączany drainage system on the capacity of the selected fragment of this ditch. A fragment of the 'R' ditch was selected for the study, 311.7 m long, with two small bridges (bridge No. 1 at km 3 + 455 and bridge No. 2 at km 3 + 365) and 11 crosssections. Having conducted hydraulic calculations, the capacity of the selected fragment of the ditch was ascertained, assuming the base flow (reliable discharge) determined in the detailed design of the drainage system. The base flow, amounting to 9.77 m 3 • s-1 , was also used to determine water damming in the examined bridges in accordance with the Regulation by the Minister of Transport and Maritime Economy. As a result of geodetic measurements, changes in the shape of the cross-sections of the ditch and changes to the bottom slope within the tested segment of the ditch were found. It was established that under the conditions of proper maintenance of the ditch, its capacity is not lower than the base flow. However, if the maintenance is neglected, the area before bridge No. 1 will be flooded, which is the result of the lowered capacity of the ditch. It was also found that the examined bridges did not contribute to the deterioration of the conditions of the base flow water through the ditch in the analysed fragment thereof.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Formatio Circumiectus, 2019
Aim of the study In this paper we attempt to determine the sediment flow conditions in the draina... more Aim of the study In this paper we attempt to determine the sediment flow conditions in the drainage system of the barrage in Łączany on the Wisła (Vistula) river. To this end, the distribution of suspended sediment concentration in the cross-sections of draining ditches was developed; the concentration profiles of suspended sediment in individual cross-sections of the main ditch were elaborated; and the assessment of the concentration variation in the concentration profiles in the determined cross-sections on the entire length of the main drainage ditch R in the drainage system Łączany was carried out. Material and methods Four measurement cross-sections p-1, p-2, p-5 and p-7 were determined in the ditch R of the system, and three measurement cross-sections were determined on the tributaries to the ditch R. Point measurements of volumetric concentration of suspended sediment in cross-sections were conducted in accordance with the methodology of water sampling using bottle bathometers. Measurements were also made across the entire cross-section using a pre-calibrated Portable Suspended Solids Monitor 740 instrument produced by Partech company. The results of these measurements enabled the determination of the correction factor (k) for each of the measurement cross-sections. Results and conclusions It was found that the values of this coefficient (k) range from 1.188 to 1.328, which means that in calculations of suspended sediment transport in the ditches of the drainage system, tested using the so-called normal method, it is necessary to take into account the variation of concentration of this sediment in the cross-section of the ditch. The differences in the volume concentration of suspended sediment in hydrometric divisions (verticals) were also found. These concentrations, measured in surface layers, regardless of the height of vertical filling, represented on average about 60% of the value of the concentration measured in bottom layers of the verticals, i.e. about 5 cm above the bottom
Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape, 2020
This paper presents the concept for the location of two dry water reservoirs designed to retain w... more This paper presents the concept for the location of two dry water reservoirs designed to retain water led through the main ditch (R) of the drainage system in Łączany. The purpose of the work is to develop a forecast for the reduction in the capacity of planned dry water reservoirs. Planned water reservoirs will allow increasing flood protection of drained areas. Based on geodetic measurements in the selected locations, the capacity of planned dry reservoirs was determined, amounting to 4.08 and 115.49 thousand m 3 , respectively for the U reservoir formed from the flood relief channel, and the R reservoir, located in the lower course of the R ditch. According to the developed forecast, applying the Gončarov formula, the U reservoir would be 50% silted after 134 years, and the R reservoir would be 50% silted after 149 years. The forecast has been prepared using the method recommended by the guidelines, i.e. it was developed as for reservoirs with constant water damming (accumulation). TE values determined using the Churchill method were adopted in the silting forecast. The estimated forecast indicates a long service life of the reservoirs without the need for their desilting. However, the development of a detailed forecast would require a modification of the calculation methodology, taking into account the determination of the capacity of water reservoirs to retain bed load, typical of dry water reservoirs. In the absence of the method, determination of the service life cycle of water reservoirs can be developed as an estimate.