Bolarin Omonona - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Bolarin Omonona

Journal of Income Distribution®

The dearth of studies on quantitative determinants of poverty in Nigeria is a major weak point in... more The dearth of studies on quantitative determinants of poverty in Nigeria is a major weak point in the country’s poverty reduction policy and strategy formulation. A recent study in Kogi State of Nigeria revealed that poverty is higher among households that have male heads, are polygamous, have farming as the only occupation, have no formal education, and have no access to extension services and improved farming inputs. Poverty rises with the increase in household size and dependency ratio. On the other hand, poverty is inversely related to the extent of output commercialization, farm size, and credit. The study indicates that in Kogi State, Nigeria there is the need to reduce birth rate, provide training and education, and improve farming inputs, credit to deserving households, and marketing infrastructures, as major elements of an effective poverty reduction strategy.

Outlook on Agriculture

Do level of food demanded and dietary diversity jointly provide better estimates on household foo... more Do level of food demanded and dietary diversity jointly provide better estimates on household food security status or is this association modified by level of urbanization within urban setting? To better understand this relationship, we investigated the Nigerian urban household’s food security situation in terms of food access and utilization component through a demand system and diet diversity models using cross-sectional data. Results showed that the food groups considered were normal goods but with varying magnitudes. Most households were price-sensitive, especially to high-value food commodities, while cross-price effect showed a mix of substitute and complementary relationships. However, the level of dietary diversity was moderate. The quantile regression analysis revealed that income and urbanicity index significantly improved consumption of diverse diets, with higher impacts at the lowest quantile. The linkages between rising urbanization and the scourge of food insecurity wi...

Journal of Human Ecology

Inefficiency in the use of available scarce resources has been the bane on increased food product... more Inefficiency in the use of available scarce resources has been the bane on increased food production hence low income among the cream of farmers across the nation. The study examined resource use efficiency (with water as the key variable) in irrigated maize production in the Northern part of Taraba State. The study revealed that water was over-utilized in irrigated maize production in the area of study since it had an MVP of less than unity. Multi-stage stratified random and purposive random sampling techniques involving six wards and eighteen villages were used to select respondents. One hundred and twenty (120) questionnaires were administered on one hundred (120) irrigated maize growers. Only one hundred and seventeen (117) of the questionnaires were retrieved for analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin and net farm income analyses and production functions. Data were fitted to four functional forms based on the OLS techniques. The Cobb-Douglas (power function) production function gave the best fit. All the coefficients except those of agro-chemical and education carried the expected positive signs. The specific objectives of the study were to determine resource use efficiency, describe socioeconomic characteristics of irrigated maize growers, estimate cost and returns and identify constraints to irrigated maize production among respondents. The study revealed the cost and returns per hectare as N 55, 152.61 and N 105,937.50 respectively. About 73.1% variability in the dependent variable was accounted for by the independent variables. The result revealed that all the scarce resources were not used efficiently hence not to optimum economic advantage. This was attested to by the high ratios (greater than unity) of MVP/ MFC for fertilizer, seeds, labour and land and low ratio (less than unity) for the key variable, water. For optimum resource allocation to water about 233% decrease in MVP was required while seeds, labour, fertilizer and land required 92.8%, 87.1%, 71.8% and 98.7% increase in MVP respectively. The estimate of elasticity of production summed up to 0.961 meaning decreasing return to scale. Irrigational facilities such as water pumps, sprinklers, pipes and relevant accessories should be made available to farmers to encourage them expand the scale of production thereby boosting increased food production View publication stats View publication stats

Food Policy, 2016

Inorganic fertilizer use across Sub-Saharan Africa is generally considered to be low. Yet, the no... more Inorganic fertilizer use across Sub-Saharan Africa is generally considered to be low. Yet, the notion that fertilizer use is too low is predicated on the assumption that it is profitable to use rates higher than currently observed. There is, however, limited empirical evidence to support this. Using a nationally representative panel dataset, this paper empirically estimates the profitability of fertilizer use for maize production in Nigeria. We find that fertilizer use in Nigeria is not as low as conventional wisdom suggests. Low marginal physical product and high transportation costs significantly reduce the profitability of fertilizer use. Apart from reduced transportation costs, other constraints such as soil quality, timely access to the product, and availability of complementary inputs such as improved seeds, irrigation and credit, as well as good management practices are also necessary for sustained agricultural productivity improvements.

Journal of Income Distribution, Jun 1, 2009

Journal of Agricultural & Food Information

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the resource use efficiency among rice farmers in derived savanna zone of... more This study investigated the resource use efficiency among rice farmers in derived savanna zone of Oyo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 150 rice farmers as the sample for the study. Data were collected through structured interview schedule and personal interview. The findings revealed that majority of the rice farmers are middle aged, married males with no formal education. The stochastic frontier production using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) procedure was employed in inferential statistical analysis. The Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) results revealed that land, family labor, hired labor and fertilizer are the major factors that influence the output of rice. The effect of land on output is positive and the coefficient found to be statistically significant at1% level. The coefficient of family labor is found to be negative but significant at 1% level. Hired labor and fertilizer have positive effects on output and their coefficients are statistically significant at 5% level. The analysis also indicated that farmer's specific factors such as farming experience, years of formal education, meetings with extension agent per year, crop diversification and animal/mechanical traction have significant influence on level of technical efficiency in rice production.

Ofada rice has recently gained prominence and it is quickly drawing international attention since... more Ofada rice has recently gained prominence and it is quickly drawing international attention since it has revealed a strong consumer disposition and it has been perceived to be more nourishing due to its natural taste, a value added to this kind of rice. Nigeria has potential to produce it to self-sufficiency level but due to the inefficient use of inputs and in-availability of some inputs, this has become a mirage. Data was obtained from 180 rice farmers selected from the rice growing areas in Ogun state, with the use of well structured questionnaire. The data collected were then analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive analysis showed that 70% of the farmers were males, the average age and farm size was 45years and 2.9ha, respectively. The maximum likelihood estimates of the stochastic production frontier model results showed that a unit increase in farm size, labour, seeds and chemicals used will result in extra 64.587kg, 3.98kg, 0.54kg, and 2.258kg of the output, respectively. Marginal value product (MVP) to the unit prices for these inputs was greater than one implying that all these resources were underutilized. The gross margin analysis revealed that the profit from rice farming was N56, 082 (US$373.88) per hectare per farmer. Farmers' efficiency can be enhanced by increasing the area of land cultivated, labour used, quantity of seeds and chemicals used for production.

This study uses a nationwide household survey to analyze the impact of domestic and international... more This study uses a nationwide household survey to analyze the impact of domestic and international remittances on household income and welfare in Nigeria. The impact of remittances on income distribution and social welfare is analyzed by source decomposition of income inequality and comparing the observed level of measures with the level of the complete termination of remittances. The empirical findings demonstrate that the aggregate impact of all remittances on overall income inequality is stable and that international remittances generally have unequalizing effects both at rural level and in all the geopolitical zones, while the opposite holds for the internal remittances. Although an unambiguous welfare gain is associated with all types of remittances, the magnitude of the welfare gain is dependent on the degree of income inequality induced by the remittances. Nevertheless, internal remittances from Nigeria are found to be the main contributors to net welfare gains by increasing i...

The objective of the study is to analyse poverty among fish farming households based on functioni... more The objective of the study is to analyse poverty among fish farming households based on functioning and capabilities in the study area. The study covered both Oyo and Osun states of Nigeria. Primary data were collected via structured questionnaire. The study employed multistage sampling technique. In all, a total of 280 respondents were used for the study. Information on dimensions of functioning, income and expenditure were derived from the data collected. Data were analysed using input distance function and Foster, Greer and Tobecke (FGT)1984 Poverty measure The study revealed that about 16% of fish farmers were non poor, 14% were moderately poor and 70% were core poor. Fish farmers in the study area did not enjoy moderate levels of standard of living (0.35).Moderate poverty incidence is highest in the households without formal education and lowest in the households with tertiary education. Household heads with age range of 31-40 years had highest moderate poverty incidence while those with age range of 41-50 years had highest core poverty incidence. Household heads that were divorced /separated had highest moderate poverty incidence while those that were married had highest core poverty incidence. Household heads that had no formal education had the highest poverty intensity of 60%. Household head with the age group of 41-50 years had the highest poverty intensity of 43%. Household heads with household size above ten members had the highest poverty intensity of 61%. Household heads that were married had the highest poverty intensity of 98%. Mean values for many constituents of standard of living reveals that the total durable asset dimension scores highest followed by education, housing condition and per capita income dimensions.

This paper provides an overview of water supply and sanitation sub-sector in Nigeria. The importa... more This paper provides an overview of water supply and sanitation sub-sector in Nigeria. The importance of water ranging from its significance in direct use as drinking to its being a vital resource in food production can not be over emphasized. Human existence is hinged on water resources in four ways: production, welfare, ecosystem and water-related hazard. It is fundamental to note that there has been a continuous decline in the proportion of Nigerians with access to safe water despite the efforts of the government. At the national level, about 67% Nigerians have access to safe water (table 1). This may be due to a number of factors but the major factor identified is the issue of management. Therefore, to find a lasting solution to institutional, policy and political problem in the sector, a dynamic and holistic management model is proposed in the study. This model (fig.1) will remove duplication of roles by institutions and donor agencies. It also eliminates bottlenecks found in th...

The Social Sciences, 2010

Sustaining and improving production efficiency of resource poor smallholder farmers under the exi... more Sustaining and improving production efficiency of resource poor smallholder farmers under the existing credit constraint conditions require the improvement of access to credit facilities and other factors involved. The study examined the factors influencing credit constraint (CC) and production efficiency of farming households in Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data was randomly collected using structured questionnaire from 120 mixed farmers in the study area. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, probit regression and stochastic frontier analysis. The results shows that 79.2 percent of the respondents were credit constrained and this has negative influence on their production efficiency as credit constrained farming households (CCFH) were found to be less efficient with mean efficiency of 0.721 than unconstrained farming households with 0.913. Age, gender, education, and dependency ratio of farmers are significant variables that influenced credit constraint conditions of the farmers while the maximum likelihood estimate of the production frontier revealed that farm size, labour and quantity of agro-chemical used are positively and significantly related to the production efficiency of farmers. Given the largest proportion of CCFHs among farming population in SouthWestern Nigerian, this gap implies considerable potential loss in output due to inefficient production. Improving credit access of farming households in general but more particularly the CCFHs is desirable for higher production efficiency.

Policy Research Working Papers, 2015

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encoura... more The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

Bowen Journal of Agriculture, 2008

Sustainable Agriculture Research, 2012

Motivated by the recent global economic crisis, this paper simulated the impact of a rise in the ... more Motivated by the recent global economic crisis, this paper simulated the impact of a rise in the price of imported food on agriculture and household poverty in Nigeria using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) class of decomposable poverty measures on the 2006 social accounting matrix (SAM) of Nigeria and the updated 2004 Nigeria Living Standards Survey (NLSS) data. Results show that a rise in import price of food increased domestic output of food, but reduced the domestic supply of other agricultural commodities as well as food and other agricultural composites. Furthermore, a rise in the import price of food increased poverty nationally and among all household groups, with rural-north households being the least affected by the shock, while their rural-south counterparts were the most affected. A major policy implication drawn from this paper is that high import prices in import competing sectors like agriculture tend to favour the sector but exacerbate poverty in households. Thus, efforts geared at addressing the impact of this shock should strive to balance welfare and efficiency issues.

Tropical Journal of Animal Science, 2010

The Social Sciences, 2012

Economic Studies in Inequality, Social Exclusion and Well-Being, 2006

Recent theoretical and empirical studies have concluded that in order to be accurate, poverty and... more Recent theoretical and empirical studies have concluded that in order to be accurate, poverty and deprivation must be measured within a multidimensional framework that is consistent, efficient, and statistically robust. The fuzzy sets approach to poverty measurement was ...

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000

... Page 15. Kareem et al (2007) applied the stochastic frontier production function for the anal... more ... Page 15. Kareem et al (2007) applied the stochastic frontier production function for the analysis of ... λ2 γ = 1+λ2 -----equation (ix) In the absence of other farm-level data (eg farmer's education, technical assistance etc), which ...