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Journal of athletic training

Participating in sports while experiencing symptoms of a concussion can be dangerous. An athlete&... more Participating in sports while experiencing symptoms of a concussion can be dangerous. An athlete's lack of knowledge may be one factor influencing his or her decision to report symptoms. In an effort to enhance concussion education among high school athletes, legislation in Florida has attempted to address the issue through parental consent forms. To survey high school varsity football players to determine their level of knowledge about concussions after the initiation of new concussion-education legislation. Cross-sectional study. Descriptive survey administered in person during a team meeting. A total of 334 varsity football players from 11 high schools in Florida. Participants completed a survey and identified the symptoms and consequences of a concussion among distractors. They also indicated whether they had received education about concussions from a parent, formal education, neither, or both. The most correctly identified symptoms were headache (97%), dizziness (93%), and...

INTRODUCTION The sensorimotor system (SMS) is responsible for providing the awareness, coordinati... more INTRODUCTION The sensorimotor system (SMS) is responsible for providing the awareness, coordination and feedback to maintain stability and function. Therefore, acuity of this system is a major component of injury-free athletic performance. Evidence suggests that muscular fatigue [1,2] and injury [3] compromise SMS function in the upper-extremity. However, investigations of joint position sense often employ methods that hamper our ability to apply results to functional activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of functional fatigue on unconstrained, multijoint position reproduction of the upper-extremity. We measured position reproduction acuity of the upper-extremity as a functional unit and acuity of four individual joints. METHODS 0 10 20 30 40 50 Scapulothoracic Glenohumeral Elbow Wrist 3D Variable Error (degrees) Prefatigue Postfatigue {* {* { * { * Figure 2: Comparison of prefatigue to postfatigue acuity scores (3DVE) for the ball-release position. * Signifi...

Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 2009

The purposes of this study were to (1) assess the inter-rater reliability and validity of 2 clini... more The purposes of this study were to (1) assess the inter-rater reliability and validity of 2 clinical assessment methods of categorizing scapular dyskinesis and (2) quantify the frequency of asymmetry of bilateral scapular motion in injured and uninjured shoulders by use of 3-dimensional (3D) kinematic analysis. Methods: We evaluated 56 subjects, 35 with shoulder injury and 21 with no symptoms. Two blinded evaluators categorized the scapular motion of all subjects to determine inter-rater reliability using 2 observational methods ("yes/no" and "4 type") to evaluate scapular dyskinesis. Subjects were also instrumented with electromagnetic receivers to assess bilateral 3D scapular kinematics to determine the presence of dyskinesis and establish criterion validity of the 2 methods. Results: The inter-rater percent agreement and the degree of this agreement as measured by statistic showed that the yes/no method produced a higher inter-rater percent agreement (79%, ϭ 0.40) than the 4-type method (61%, ϭ 0.44). The yes/no method had a higher sensitivity (76%) and positive predictive value (74%) when compared with the 3D criterion. A 2 analysis found significantly more multiple-plane asymmetries in symptomatic subjects (54%) in flexion compared with asymptomatic subjects (14%) (P ϭ .002). Conclusions: The yes/no method allows multiple-plane asymmetries to be considered in clinical assessment and therefore renders this a good screening tool for the presence of scapular dyskinesis. Kinematic analysis shows that asymmetries are common in symptomatic and asymptomatic populations. Testing in flexion showed a higher frequency of multiple-plane scapular asymmetries in the symptomatic group. Clinical Relevance: Identification of scapular dyskinesis is a key component of the shoulder examination. The clinician's ability to establish the presence or absence of scapular dyskinesis by observation is enhanced using a simple yes/no method especially when testing subjects in shoulder forward flexion. Although scapular asymmetries appear to be a prevalent finding, dyskinesis in the presence of shoulder symptoms should be considered a potential factor contributing to the dysfunction in the presence of shoulder symptoms should be considered a potential factor contributing to the dysfunction.